Medea hypothesis
The Medea Hypothesis is a term coined by paleontologist Peter Ward for the anti-Gaian hypothesis that multicellular life, understood as a superorganism, is suicidal; in this view microbial-triggered mass extinctions are attempts to return the Earth to the microbial dominated state it has been for most of its history. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It is named after the mythological Medea, who killed her own children. Medea represents the Earth, and her children are multicellular life.
Past "suicide attempts" include:
- Methane poisoning, 3.5 billion years ago
- The oxygen catastrophe, 2.7 billion years ago
- Snowball earth twice, 2.3 billion years ago and 790–630 million years ago
- At least five putative hydrogen sulfide-induced mass extinctions, such as the Great Dying, 251.4 million years ago
but does not include the K–T event, since this was, as least partially, externally induced by a meteor impact.
See also
External links
References
- ^ Peter Ward (2009), The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive?, ISBN 0691130752
- ^ Gaia's evil twin: Is life its own worst enemy? The New Scientist. Volume 202, Issue 2713, 17 June 2009, pages 28–31 (Cover story)
- ^ Bennett, Drake (2009-01-11). "Dark green: A scientist argues that the natural world isn't benevolent and sustaining: it's bent on self-destruction". Boston.Com. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
{{cite web}}: External link in|work= - ^ Grey, William (2010-02). "Gaia theory – Reflections on life on earth". Australian Review of Public Affairs. University of Sydney. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); External link in|work= - ^ Rhawn Joseph, Extinction, Metamorphosis, Evolutionary Apoptosis, and Genetically Programmed Species Mass Death ,Journal of Cosmology, 2009, Vol 2, pages 235–255. Cosmology, October 15, 2009
- ^ Google books listing (with preview)
- ^ Amazon book listing
- ^ Peter Ward speaker profile. TED. Retrieved 2009-02-27.