Vittaria
| Vittaria | |
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| Vittaria lineata | |
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| Genus: | Vittaria |
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| Vittaria lineata | |
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Vittaria is a genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae. It had previously been placed in the family Vittariaceae,[1] but that family is no longer recognized.[2]
Vittaria consists of epiphytes, with simple, entire, narrowly linear fronds.[3] It comprises six species, five of which are native to the neotropics. Vittaria isoetifolia is native to tropical Africa and islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean.[4] Vittaria isoetifolia and Vittaria lineata are known, albeit rarely, in cultivation.[5]
Vittaria was named by James Edward Smith in 1793 [6] in Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Turin).[7] The generic name is derived from the Latin, vitta, meaning "a band or ribbon".[8]
In 1990, Vittaria was defined broadly and estimated to have between 50 and 80 species.[1] The genus is difficult to divide into species, and many of the species are only doubtfully distinct. In a 1997 revision of the vittarioid ferns, only 34 species were recognized in Vittaria sensu lato.[4] Twenty of these were transferred to Haplopteris and eight to Radiovittaria, leaving only six in Vittaria.[4]
The first well-sampled molecular phylogenetic study of the vittarioids was based on the chloroplast gene rbcL.[9] In this study, it was found that the type species of Monogramma is embedded in Haplopteris. Because Monogramma is the older name, unless Haplopteris is split, all of the species of Haplopteris will eventually be transferred to Monogramma.
Species
Vittaria includes the following species (but this list may be incomplete).
- Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm. 1793
- Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel 1991
- Vittaria dimorpha Müll.Berol. 1854
- Vittaria flavicosta Mickel & Beitel 1988
- Vittaria graminifolia Kaulf. 1824
- Vittaria isoetifolia Bory 1804
Former species
Transferred to Haplopteris
- Vittaria anguste-elongata Hayata
- Vittaria angustifolia Blume
- Vittaria doniana Mettenius ex Hieron.
- Vittaria elongata Sw.
- Vittaria ensiformis Sw.
- Vittaria flexuosa Fée
- Vittaria forrestiana Ching
- Vittaria fudzinoi Makino
- Vittaria guineensis Desvaux
- Vittaria hainanensis C. Chr. ex Ching
- Vittaria himalayensis Ching
- Vittaria longicoma Christ
- Vittaria malayensis Holttum
- Vittaria modesta Handel-Mazzetti
- Vittaria owariensis Fée
- Vittaria scolopendrina (Bory) Schkuhr ex Thwaites
- Vittaria sikkimensis Kuhn
- Vittaria taeniophylla Copeland
- Vittaria volkensii Hieronymus
- Vittaria zosterifolia Willdenow
Transferred to Radiovittaria
- Vittaria remota Fée
- Vittaria gardneriana Fée
- Vittaria latifolia Benedict
- Vittaria minima (Baker) Benedict
- Vittaria moritziana Mettenius
- Vittaria ruiziana Fée
- Vittaria stipitata Kunze
- Vittaria williamsii Benedict
References
- ^ a b Karl U. Kramer. 1990. "Vittariaceae". pages 272-277. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-0-387-51794-0
- ^ Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider, and Paul G. Wolf. 2008. "Davalliaceae". pages 443-444. In: "Fern Classification". pages 417-467. In: Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler (editors). Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3
- ^ David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
- ^ a b c Edmund H. Crane. 1997. "A Revised Circumscription of the Genera of the Fern Family Vittariaceae". Systematic Botany 22(3):509-517.
- ^ Anthony Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press,Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set).
- ^ Vittaria in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
- ^ James Edward Smith. 1793. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (Turin) 5:413, pl. 9.
- ^ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume IV, page ?. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8 (set). (see External links below).
- ^ Bradley Ruhfel, Stuart Lindsay, and Charles C. Davis. 2008. "Phylogenetic Placement of Rheopteris and the Polyphyly of Monogramma (Pteridaceae s.l.): Evidence from rbcL Sequence Data". Systematic Botany 33(1):37-43.