March 2012 North American heat wave

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Land surface temperatures of March 8-15, 2012. Land surface temperatures are distinct from the air temperatures that meteorological stations typically measure.

In March 2012, one of the greatest heat waves was observed in many regions of North America. Very warm air pushed northward west of the Great Lakes region, and subsequently spread eastward. The intense poleward air mass movement was propelled by an unusually intense low level southerly jet that stretched from Louisiana to western Wisconsin. Once this warm surge inundated the area, a remarkably prolonged period of record setting temperatures ensued.[1]

NOAA's National Climate Data Center reported that over 7,000 daily record high temperatures were tied or broken from 1 March through 27 March.[2]In some places the temperature exceeded 86°F (30°C). For instance, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the highest temperature recorded was 87°F (March 21), in Chicago 84°F (March 20) etc. Records were broken in unusual ways. Chicago, for example, saw temperatures above 80°F every day between March 14-18, breaking records on all five days. In context, the National Weather Service noted that Chicago typically averages only one day in the 80's in April. And only once in 140 years of weather observations has April produced as many 80°F days as this March.[3]

Temperature records across much of southern Canada also were shattered.[3] Some of the most impressive readings came from Nova Scotia on March 22, when the mercury climbed to 30C (86°F) at a climate station in Lake Major, NS[4], making it the highest March temperature recorded in Nova Scotia, and the third highest March temperature recorded in Canada. That same day, the temperature hit 29.2°C (85°F) at Western Head, Nova Scotia[4]. The heat reached as far east as Cape Breton Island, with the temperature climbing to 24°C (75°F) at Sydney, Nova Scotia on March 22 [4] a place historically surrounded by ice-jammed waters, frigid winds, and snow in March. The week of March 18 also set record temperatures in Manitoba and much of Ontario [5] as well as into the Maritime Provinces. [6] [7] Non-severe thunderstorms were reported on the evening hours of March 21, through to the early morning hours March 22 into northern Ontario.

In addition, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data show that the atmospheric pattern was so persistent that much of the Midwest and Northeast, and up into Ontario, had temperature departures over periods of several days to a week or more of magnitudes which would be unusual even for a single day. Averaged over the 7-day period from March 16 to March 22 inclusive, nearly the entire area of the Midwest and Northeast U.S. and most of Ontario and Quebec had temperatures 10°C (18°F) or more above the 1981-2010 average. Even more dramatically, most of Iowa and Minnesota, all of Wisconsin and Michigan, and most of southeastern Ontario had 7-day mean temperatures more than 15°C (27oF) above the climatological average for the same period. [8][9][10]

This mild warm spell had brought out spring peepers as far north as Northern Ontario around the 23rd of March 2012, which are usually first heard in mid to late April, sometimes as late as the first part of May.

The warm weather was also responsible for several early-season tornado touchdowns, such as the EF3 that struck Dexter, Michigan, near Ann Arbor.

Continued warmth

Main article: Summer 2012 North American heat wave

On June 25th, 2012, Denver, Colorado tied its all-time high with a temperature of 105°F (40.5°C). On the same day a couple of 113°F (45°C) readings were recorded in Kansas. The heat was so strong that Alamosa, Colorado broke their daily records for six consecutive days. In Galveston, Texas, the earliest 100°F day ever was recorded[11].

In Northern Canada, Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories had a streak of five consecutive days above 30°C (86°F) from June 21 to June 25, quite possibly the longest heat wave in Canada at that moment.[12]

On June 26, Hill City, Kansas was the warmest point in the United States with the thermometer climbing to 115°F (46.1°C).[13]

Thousands of records were being broken again on June 28. Fort Wayne, Indiana tied its all-time record high with 106°F (41.1°C) while Indianapolis broke its monthly record at 104°F(40°C). More monthly records that day included St. Louis, Missouri at 108°F (42.2°C) and Little Rock, Arkansas at 107°F (41.7°C).[14]

The scorching heat continued on June 29th when Washington, DC and Atlanta, Georgia recorded their highest June temperature ever at 104°F(40°C). Charlotte, North Carolina and Raleigh, North Carolina were warm enough to tie the all-time record at 104°F(40°C) and 105°C(40.6°C) respectively.[15]

The continued heat following the lack of snow in winter has been a contributor to the record-shattering 2012 North American drought.

References

  1. ^ Meteorological March Madness 2012, Earth System Research Laboratory, 02 April 2012
  2. ^ Meteorological March Madness 2012, Earth System Research Laboratory, 02 April 2012
  3. ^ a b "Historic Heat in North America Turns Winter to Summer". NASA Earth Observatory. NASA. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012. Cite error: The named reference "NASA Earth Observatory" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c url=http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?timeframe=2&Prov=NS&StationID=27742&dlyRange=1999-01-01%7C2012-03-30&Year=2012&Month=3&Day=01 Cite error: The named reference "Environment Canada" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ Ontario Weather Review - Environment Canada - March 2012
  6. ^ 'Winter that wasn't' ends with Eastern heat wave', Calgary Herald, March 20, 2012
  7. ^ Summer-like weather smashing winter records, CTV News, March 19, 2012
  8. ^ http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgi-bin/data/composites/comp.day.pl?var=Air+Temperature&level=Surface&iy%5B1%5D=&im%5B1%5D=&id%5B1%5D=&iy%5B2%5D=&im%5B2%5D=&id%5B2%5D=&iy%5B3%5D=&im%5B3%5D=&id%5B3%5D=&iy%5B4%5D=&im%5B4%5D=&id%5B4%5D=&iy%5B5%5D=&im%5B5%5D=&id%5B5%5D=&iy%5B6%5D=&im%5B6%5D=&id%5B6%5D=&iy%5B7%5D=&im%5B7%5D=&id%5B7%5D=&iy%5B8%5D=&im%5B8%5D=&id%5B8%5D=&iy%5B9%5D=&im%5B9%5D=&id%5B9%5D=&iy%5B10%5D=&im%5B10%5D=&id%5B10%5D=&iy%5B11%5D=&im%5B11%5D=&id%5B11%5D=&iy%5B12%5D=&im%5B12%5D=&id%5B12%5D=&iy%5B13%5D=&im%5B13%5D=&id%5B13%5D=&iy%5B14%5D=&im%5B14%5D=&id%5B14%5D=&iy%5B15%5D=&im%5B15%5D=&id%5B15%5D=&iy%5B16%5D=&im%5B16%5D=&id%5B16%5D=&iy%5B17%5D=&im%5B17%5D=&id%5B17%5D=&iy%5B18%5D=&im%5B18%5D=&id%5B18%5D=&iy%5B19%5D=&im%5B19%5D=&id%5B19%5D=&iy%5B20%5D=&im%5B20%5D=&id%5B20%5D=&monr1=3&dayr1=16&monr2=3&dayr2=22&iyr%5B1%5D=2012&filenamein=&plotlabel=&lag=0&labelc=Color&labels=Shaded&type=2&scale=&label=0&cint=5&lowr=-15&highr=15&istate=0&proj=Custom&xlat1=25&xlat2=65&xlon1=-115&xlon2=-60&custproj=Cylindrical+Equidistant&level1=1000mb&level2=10mb&Submit=Create+Plot
  9. ^ Image provided by the NOAA/ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
  10. ^ Kalnay, E. and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 40-year Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
  11. ^ http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/alltime-record-highs-fall-in-p/67058
  12. ^ http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climateData/dailydata_e.html?StationID=27549&Month=6&Day=25&Year=2012&timeframe=2
  13. ^ http://www.kansascity.com/2012/06/27/3679925/hill-city-high-temperature-hits.html
  14. ^ http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=112849&start=60
  15. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/washington-dc-ties-record-high-of-101/2012/06/29/gJQAiiRmBW_blog.html

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