Jack Andraka
Jack Andraka is an American high school student and the 2012 Intel Science Fair grand prize winner. Andraka was awarded the Gordon E. Moore Award for his work in developing a new method for detecting pancreatic cancer.[1]
Background
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a five-year survival rate of 5.5%. One reason for this is the lack of a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive screening method.
Andraka won the award as a 15 year-old high school freshman at North County High School in Glen Burnie Maryland, United States.
As part of his project he created a new diagnostic test for pancreatic cancer using a novel paper sensor that is, according to him, 168 times faster, 26,000 times less expensive (costing around three cents), and over 400 times more sensitive than the current diagnostic tests. He says the test is also effective for ovarian and lung cancer.[1]
His inspiration to work on the project was brought about by the death of his uncle, who had suffered from pancreatic cancer[2]. In an interview with the BBC, he said the idea came to him when he was "chilling out in biology class", and read about analytical methods using carbon nanotubes.[3] He then did more Google research about them and cancer biochemistry, aided by free online scientific journals.
Subsequently, he began to think of various ways of preventing cancer growth and terminating the growth before the cancer cells become pervasive. He contacted around 200 professors from Johns Hopkins University with a plan and budget for his project in order to receive laboratory help from the professors. He received around 197 rejection letters until he received an acceptance from Dr. Anirban Maitra, Professor of Pathology, Oncology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
Method
Andraka cultured Mia Paca cells which overexpress mesothelin, a biomarker for pancreatic cancer; the mesothelin was isolated, concentrated and quantified with ELISA.[4] After optimization with the Western Blot assay, the antibody to human mesothelin was dispersed with single walled carbon nanotubes and used to coat strips of filter paper. A scanning electron microscope was used to verify layering. Cell media spiked with varying amounts of mesothelin was put on the paper and applied to the paper. Change in electrical potential [clarification needed] (due to the conditivity of the nanotubes) was measured before and after the application and a dose-response curve was constructed with an R2 value of 99.92%. In vivo tests on human blood serum obtained from healthy people and patients with chronic pancreatitis, PanIn, pancreatic cancer revealed the same trends.. The sensor’s limit of detection was found to be 0.156 ng/mL, satisfying the limit of 10 ng/mL, the level considered an overexpression of mesothelin consistent with pancreatic cancer. The sensor costs $3.00; 10 tests can be performed per strip. A test takes 5 minutes and is 168 times faster, 26,667 times less expensive, and 400 times more sensitive than ELISA, 25% to 50% more accurate than the CA10-9 test and is a sensitive, accurate, inexpensive, and rapid screening tool to detect mesothelin, a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Officials at Intel have said that Andraka's method tests the level of mesothelin, a pancreatic cancer biomarker, in blood or urine, and his study resulted in more than 90 percent accuracy in detecting the presence of mesothelin.[1] The dipstick-sensor method costs 3 cents and takes five minutes to administer.[2]
References
- ^ a b c
"Top Honors Awarded at Intel ISEF 2012". Intel.
{{cite web}}: Text "isef_us_intel" ignored (help); Text "jnE446" ignored (help); Text "s" ignored (help) - ^ a b Burris, Joe (24 May 2012). "North County student wins Intel Science Fair's top prize". Baltimore Sun.
- ^ "US teen invents advanced cancer test using Google". 20 August 2012.
- ^ Andraka, Jack. "A Novel Paper Sensor for the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer". ME028 (Andraka). Society for Science & the Public. Retrieved 22 August 2012.