Leopoldo Alas

Leopoldo García-Alas y Ureña
Born	(1852-04-25)25 April 1852 Zamora, Spain
Died	13 June 1901(1901-06-13) (aged 49) Oviedo, Spain
Occupation	Novelist, short story writer, journalist, critic, professor

Leopoldo García-Alas y Ureña (25 April 1852 – 13 June 1901), also known as Clarín, was a Asturian realist novelist born in Zamora. He died in Oviedo.

Alas, one of the sons of an itinerant provincial Civil Governor at some of the Spanish Provinces, with republican and liberal top connections at Madrid, spent his childhood living in León and Guadalajara, until he moved to Oviedo in 1865. There he studied Bachillerato (high school) and began his law studies. He lived in Madrid from 1871 to 1878, where he began his career as a journalist (adopting the pen-name "Clarín" in 1875) and he graduated with the thesis El Derecho y la Moralidad (Law and Morality) in 1878. He taught in Zaragoza from 1882 to 1883. In 1883 he returned to Oviedo to take up a position as professor of Roman law.

Above all, Clarín is the author of La Regenta, his masterpiece and one of the best novels of the 19th century. It is a long work, similar to Flaubert's Madame Bovary, first edited in 1857 and/or Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina edited in the 1870´s , one of its influences. Other influences included Naturalism and Krausism, a philosophical current which promoted the cultural and ethical regeneration of Spain.

La Regenta is special for its great wealth of characters and secondary stories, while the main character's description is left slightly unfocused and vague. On the other hand, the downfall of the provincial lady has place amidst two very diverse suitors: the most handsome man in the city and the cathedral's priest. The depiction of this priest is a key part of the book, the subject by now of films and TV series.

For the description of the provincial atmosphere and the city's collective life, Clarín used techniques such as the internal monologue or the free indirect style, which makes the story be narrated by the characters themselves and allows the reader to penetrate in their intimacy.

It is this depiction of provincial characters with a double moral located at Oviedo, described there as "Vetusta", the most probable reason for the execution of his son, Leopoldo García-Alas y García-Argüelles, born September 1883, on 20 February 1937 as a Rector of the University of Oviedo, by francoist parafascist troops then under command of Colonel Antonio Aranda Mata , a General in 1939, and a Lieutenant General in 1976.

In 1890, he published a new novel, Su único hijo. Even though most critics consider it as a lesser novel in comparison with La Regenta, it is equal to the former in the skill with which the technical resources are used. Su único hijo was originally meant to be the introduction to a trilogy, but aside from an outline and a few fragments of the two sequels, Su único hijo was Clarín's last full-length novel.

Apart from these works, Clarín is also the author of magnificent stories and of a large number of journalistic articles. He also wrote an essay, "La Literatura en 1881" (1882), in collaboration with Armando Palacio Valdés.

Leopoldo Alas remains a rather enigmatic figure in the Spanish literary world, leaving a legacy that encouraged the search for God and humanism simultaneously. This aberrant confluence has facilitated the presence of various interpretations regarding the author's writings, most noticeably of his masterpiece, La Regenta.

Works

• La Regenta (The Regent's Wife) (1884–85) [Novel]
• Su único hijo (His Only Son) (1890) [Novel]
• Doña Berta (1892)
• ¡Adiós, Cordera! (1892)
• Cuentos morales (Moral Stories) (1896)
• El gallo de Sócrates (Socrates' Rooster) (1900)

Essays

• "Solos de Clarín" (1881)
• "La literatura en 1881" (1882)
• "Sermón perdido" (1885)
• "Nueva campaña" (1887)
• "Ensayos y revistas" (1892)
• "Palique" (1894)

External links

• Works by Leopoldo Alas y Ureña at Project Gutenberg
• A good website on the author, containing his works in digital version (In Spanish)
• Works by Clarin in e-book version (In Spanish)
• Text of Doña Berta in original Spanish