Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom

Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom are one of four classification assigned to every adult prisoner for the purposes of assigning them to a prison. The categories are based upon the severity of the crime and the risk posed should the person escape.

There are three different prison services in the United Kingdom, and separate services for the three Crown Dependencies. Her Majesty's Prison Service manages prisons in England and Wales, and also serves as the National Offender Management Service for England and Wales and despite the name, has only regional rather than national significance, and Her Majesty's Government. Prisons in Scotland are managed by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are managed by the Northern Ireland Prison Service. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands also have their own prison administrations.

Prisoner categories in England and Wales

Prisoners in England and Wales are divided into several categories relating to the age, gender and security classification of the prisoners it holds.

Male adult prisoners

Male adult prisoners (those aged 21 or over) are given a security categorisation soon after they enter prison. These categories are based on a combination of the type of crime committed, the length of sentence, the likelihood of escape, and the danger to the public if they were to escape. The four categories are:

Prison type	Category	Prison description
Closed prison	Category A	Those whose escape would be highly dangerous to the public or national security. Offences that may result in consideration for Category A or Restricted Status include: Murder, Attempted murder, Manslaughter, Wounding with intent, Rape, Indecent assault, Robbery or conspiracy to rob (with firearms), Firearms offences, Importing or supplying Class A controlled drug, Possessing or supplying explosives, Offences connected with terrorism and Offences under the Official Secrets Act
	Category B	Those who do not require maximum security, but for whom escape needs to be made very difficult
	Category C	Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions but who are unlikely to try to escape
Open prison	Category D	Those who can be reasonably trusted not to try to escape, and are given the privilege of an open prison. Prisoners at 'D Cat' (as it is commonly known) prisons, are, subject to approval, given ROTL (Release On Temporary Licence) to work in the community or to go on 'home leave' once they have passed their FLED (Full Licence Eligibility Dates), which is usually a quarter of the way through the sentence.

Category A, B and C prisons are called closed prisons, whilst category D prisons are called open prisons.

Category A prisoners are further divided into Standard Risk, High Risk, and Exceptional Risk, based on their likelihood of escaping.

Men on remand are usually held in Category B conditions. Those to be tried on (very) Serious offences are considered for "Provisional Category A" conditions.

Escape List Prisoners

Prisoners who have made active attempts to escape from custody are placed on the holding prison's Escape List. These prisoners (sometimes referred to as "E men" or "E List men") are required to wear distinctive, brightly coloured clothing when being moved both inside and outside of the prison and are handcuffed. In addition they are required to change cells frequently and to have their clothes and some of their personal property removed from their cell before being locked in for the night.

Female adult prisoners

Women are also classified into four categories. These categories are:

• Restricted Status is similar to Category A for men.
• Closed is for people who are not trusted to not attempt to escape.
• Semi-open was introduced in 2001 and is for those who are unlikely to try to escape, though it appears that this is being phased out as HMP Morton Hall and HMP Drake Hall were re-designated as closed in March 2009.
• Open is for those who can be trusted to stay within the prison.

Remand prisoners are normally held in closed prisons.

Young offenders and juveniles

When offenders under the age of 21 are sentenced to a custodial term they may be sent to one of four types of establishment:

• Secure Training Centres (STCs) – privately run, education-focused centres for offenders up to the age of 17
• Local Authority Secure Children’s Homes (LASCHs) – run by social services and focused on attending to the physical, emotional and behavioural needs of vulnerable young people
• youth offender institutions (YO) - run by the prison service, these prisons accommodate 15–18 year olds and have lower ratios of staff to young people than STCs and LASCHs
• Young Offender Institutions (YOIs) – run by the prison service, these institutes accommodate 18–21 year olds and have lower ratios of staff to young people than juvenile prisons

Prison categories in Scotland

Since 2002, in Scotland, prisoners have been assigned to one of three categories:

• High Supervision: an individual for whom all activities and movements require to be authorised, supervised and monitored by prison staff.
• Medium Supervision: an individual for whom activities and movements are subject to locally specified limited supervision and restrictions.
• Low Supervision: an individual for whom activities and movements, specified locally, are subject to minimum supervision and restrictions. Low Supervision prisoners may be entitled to release on temporary licence and unsupervised activities in the community.

See also

• Her Majesty's Prison Service
• Howard League for Penal Reform
• List of prisons in the United Kingdom
• Scottish Prison Service

External links

• HM Prison Service
• Young Offenders Institutions
• Howard League for Penal Reform