Climate of Dhaka
23°42′0″N 90°22′30″E / 23.70000°N 90.37500°E
The climate of Dhaka experiences a hot, wet and humid tropical climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The city has a distinct monsoonal season, with an annual average temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) and monthly means varying between 18 °C (64 °F) in January and 29 °C (84 °F) in August. Dhaka could maybe surpass below 0 °C (32 °F) in winter, but the freezing Himalayan winds blocked due to problem, over-construction and deforestation. [1] Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1,854 millimetres (73.0 in) occurs during the monsoon season which last from May till the end of September.[1] Increasing air and water pollution emanating from traffic congestion and industrial waste are serious problems affecting public health and the quality of life in the city.[2] Water bodies and wetlands around Dhaka are facing destruction as these are being filled up to construct multi-storied buildings and other real estate developments. Coupled with pollution, such erosion of natural habitats threatens to destroy much of the regional biodiversity.[2]
| Climate data for Dhaka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
40.9 (105.6) |
42.2 (108.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.4 (104.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.5 (101.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
34.7 (94.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) |
28.1 (82.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.7 (83.7) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.7 (0.30) |
28.9 (1.14) |
65.8 (2.59) |
156.3 (6.15) |
339.4 (13.36) |
340.4 (13.40) |
373.1 (14.69) |
316.5 (12.46) |
300.4 (11.83) |
172.3 (6.78) |
34.4 (1.35) |
12.8 (0.50) |
2,148 (84.57) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 16 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 86 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 46 | 37 | 38 | 42 | 59 | 72 | 72 | 74 | 71 | 65 | 53 | 50 | 57 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279 | 226 | 217 | 180 | 155 | 90 | 62 | 62 | 90 | 186 | 240 | 279 | 2,066 |
| Source 1: Weatherbase (normals, 30 yr period)[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial (extremes),[4] BBC Weather (humidity and sun)[5] | |||||||||||||
Factors
Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The monsoon season brings nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1,854 millimeters (73 in) occurs between May and September.[6]
- Southwest Monsoon occurs from June till September during the summer months. During this period very heavy rainfall lashes the city as well as the entire country. Flash floods is common in Dhaka almost every year.
- Tropical Storms do occur during the summer months from April till June and then from September till December. These cyclones occur almost every year in Bangladesh though their intensity varies from year to year.
- Tornados are fairly common in Bangladesh as it is one of the most frequently hit countries in the world, behind the United States and Canada.[7]
Impact of climate change
Climate change has forced many people of Bangladesh living in rural areas to migrate to cities that has caused a sharp rise in the slum population of Dhaka.[8] As Bangladesh is already less than 20 feet above sea level, thus there are fears that by the end of the 21st century, more than a quarter of the country will be inundated and 15 million people will be displaced.[8] The population of Dhaka, currently 13 million people, is projected to increase to 20 million by the year 2025. This raises fears of water-borne diseases and outbreaks of several other diseases.[9] While a UN and WWF report warned that Dhaka tops the risk of climate change in Asia.[10]
Monsoon rainfall of Dhaka
The Monsoon season begins from June till September. The following is the annual monsoon rainfall for the last few years based on data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department.[11]
- In 2000, a total of 5,220 millimetres (206 in) was recorded.
- In 2001, a total of 5,590 millimetres (220 in) was recorded.
- In 2002, a total of 7,257 millimetres (285.7 in) was recorded.
- In 2003, a total of 4,934 millimetres (194.3 in) was recorded.
- In 2004, a total of 8,308 millimetres (327.1 in) was recorded.
- In 2005, a total of 6,903 millimetres (271.8 in) was recorded.
- In 2006, a total of 7,137 millimetres (281.0 in) was recorded.
- In 2007, a total of 8,895 millimetres (350.2 in) was recorded.
- In 2008, a total of 6,712 millimetres (264.3 in) was recorded.
- In 2009, a total of 6,252 millimetres (246.1 in) was recorded.
- In 2010, a total of 5,016 millimetres (197.5 in) was recorded.
Extreme weather events
The extreme weather events include tropical cyclones, tornado, cloudburst and flash floods.
- In 1956, about 326 millimetres (12.8 in) of rain was recorded in 24 hours in Dhaka.[12]
- In 1970, a Category-3 tropical cyclone killed 500,000 people.[13]
- In 1989, a deadly tornado killed 1,300 people in Dhaka Division.[14]
- In 1991, a Category-5 tropical cyclone killed 138,866 people in the country.[15]
- In 2004, record-breaking 341 millimetres (13.4 in) mm of rain was recorded in Dhaka in 24 hours.[12]
- In 2010, about 333 millimetres (13.1 in) of rain was recorded in Dhaka.[12]
References
- ^ a b "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dhaka, Bangladesh". weatherbase.com. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
- ^ a b Mondal, M. Abdul Latif (2006-09-27). "Our Cities: 15th Anniversary Special". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2006-09-27.
- ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dhaka, Bangladesh". Weatherbase. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- ^ "Bangladesh - Dacca" (in Spanish). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- ^ "Average Conditions - Bangladesh - Dhaka". BBC. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
- ^ http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=032914&refer=/
- ^ http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/
- ^ a b http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/node/420
- ^ http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/publications/v.php?id=4292
- ^ Fogarty, David (2009-11-12). "Dhaka tops risk table in Asia climate threat study". Reuters.
- ^ http://www.bmd.gov.bd/Monsoon_rain/Dhk_mon_rain.html
- ^ a b c http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/environment-news/cloud-burst-breaks-53year-record.html
- ^ http://www.research.noaa.gov/spotlite/2007/spot_cyclone.html
- ^ http://www.bangladeshtornadoes.org/climo/btorcli0.htm
- ^ http://www.swissre.com/resources/dd6346004d4e9669ac76eecedd316cf3-sigma2_2009_e.pdf