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Bowe Bergdahl

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Bowe R. Bergdahl
Birth nameBowe Robert Bergdahl
Born (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 38)
Sun Valley, Idaho, U.S.
Allegiance United States of America
Service / branch United States Army
Years of service2008–present[1]
Rank Sergeant (promoted in absentia)
Unit1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division
Battles / warsGlobal War on Terrorism
RelationsJani Larson (mother)
Robert Bergdahl (father)
Sky Albrecht (sister)[2]

Bowe Robert Bergdahl (born March 28, 1986) is a United States Army soldier who was held captive by the Taliban-aligned Haqqani network in Afghanistan from June 2009 until his release in May 2014.[3][4][5][6] The circumstances under which Bergdahl went missing are disputed. Accounts of how he was captured differ. The U.S. Department of Defense reported that he went missing on July 2, 2009, attributing his disappearance to "walking off his base in eastern Afghanistan with three Afghan counterparts".[7]

Early life and education

Bergdahl was born on March 28, 1986, in Sun Valley, Idaho, to Jani (née Larson) and Robert "Bob" Bergdahl, a commercial truck driver.[1][8][9] Bergdahl has an older sister, Sky Albrecht,[1][10][11] and was home schooled by his mother Jani in Hailey, Idaho. The family attended Sovereign Redeemer Presbyterian Church, an Orthodox Presbyterian Church. According to Bowe's pastor at the time, he struggled with his faith.[12]

He received a GED certificate through the College of Southern Idaho by the time he was in his early 20s.[8][13][14][15] As an adult, Bergdahl studied and practiced fencing and martial arts before switching to ballet classes at the Sun Valley Ballet School in Ketchum, Idaho.[8][13] He never owned a car; he rode his bicycle everywhere.[15] He spent time in a Buddhist monastery between 2007 and 2008.[12]

Career

Bergdahl graduated from infantry school in Fort Benning, Georgia in late 2008.[1] He was assigned to the 1st Battalion, 501st Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, based at Fort Richardson, Alaska.[16]

According to fellow soldier Specialist Jason Fry, Bergdahl was quiet: "He wasn't one of the troublemakers – he was focused and well-behaved." Bergdahl was more isolated from his fellow soldiers; for instance, rather than socializing with his peers during Thanksgiving, he preferred studying maps of Afghanistan. Bergdahl told Fry before their deployment to Afghanistan, "If this deployment is lame, I'm just going to walk off into the mountains of Pakistan".[1]

Bergdahl's unit was sent to an outpost called Mest-Malak in Afghanistan to conduct counterinsurgency operations. Bergdahl began learning to speak Pashto, and, according to Fry, Bergdahl "began to gravitate away from his unit", spending "more time with the Afghans than he did with his platoon". Bergdahl's father described his son to military investigators as "psychologically isolated".[1]

Before capture

On June 25, 2009, Bergdahl's battalion suffered its first casualty: First Lieutenant Brian Bradshaw was killed in a blast from a roadside bomb near the village of Yaya Kheyl, not far from Bergdahl's outpost. According to a Rolling Stone article written by Michael Hastings, Bergdahl's father believes Bradshaw and Bergdahl had grown close at the National Training Center, and Bradshaw's death darkened Bergdahl's mood.[1]

Last e-mail to parents

On June 27, 2009, according to Hastings, Bergdahl sent a final e-mai­l to his parents:[1]: 4 

The future is too good to waste on lies. And life is way too short to care for the damnation of others, as well as to spend it helping fools with their ideas that are wrong. I have seen their ideas and I am ashamed to even be american. The horror of the self-righteous arrogance that they thrive in. It is all revolting.[1]: 4 

His e-mail went on to describe his disillusionment with the U.S. mission in Afghanistan:

In the US army you are cut down for being honest... but if you are a conceited brown nosing shit bag you will be allowed to do what ever you want, and you will be handed your higher rank... The system is wrong. I am ashamed to be an american. And the title of US soldier is just the lie of fools...I am sorry for everything here. These people need help, yet what they get is the most conceited country in the world telling them that they are nothing and that they are stupid, that they have no idea how to live. We don't even care when we hear each other talk about running their children down in the dirt streets with our armored trucks... We make fun of them in front of their faces, and laugh at them for not understanding we are insulting them...I am sorry for everything. The horror that is america is disgusting...There are a few more boxes coming to you guys. Feel free to open them, and use them.[1]: 4 

Captivity and release

Afghanistan
Paktika in Eastern Afghanistan
Paktika in Eastern Afghanistan

Bergdahl went missing on the night of June 30, 2009, near the town of Yahya Kheyl in Paktika Province.[17] Accounts of his capture differ. In a video, Bergdahl stated that he was captured when he fell behind on a patrol.[3] Taliban sources allege he was ambushed after becoming drunk off base; U.S. military sources deny that claim, stating, "The Taliban are known for lying and what they are claiming [is] not true".[5] A Department of Defense spokesperson said, "I'm glad to see he appears unharmed, but again, this is a Taliban propaganda video. They are exploiting the soldier in violation of international law."[3][4] Other sources said Bergdahl walked off base after his shift[18] or that he was grabbed from a latrine.[19]

General Nabi Mullakheil of the Afghan National Police said the capture occurred in Paktika Province.[3] Other sources say that he was captured by a Taliban group led by Maulvi Sangin, who moved him to Ghazni Province.[4] He was held by the Haqqani network, an insurgent group affiliated with the Taliban, probably somewhere in Pakistan.[17]

Bergdahl was a private first class when captured; he was promoted in absentia to sergeant on 17 June 2011.[20]

Circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance

A Pentagon investigation in 2010 concluded that there was "incontrovertible" evidence that Bergdahl walked away from his unit.[21][22][23] Bergdahl wrote e-mails to his parents that he was disillusioned by the war effort and bothered by the treatment of Afghans by the American soldiers. He said in his e-mail he was ashamed to be American.[24] According to The New York Times, a military investigation showed that on the night he went missing, he left a note in his tent that said he was leaving to start a new life.[25] The letter said that Bergdahl wanted to renounce his citizenship.[26][27] According to Senator Saxby Chambliss, the White House said there was no note during a meeting with Congress on the release of Bergdahl.[28]

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Martin Dempsey said: "The questions about this particular soldier's conduct are separate from our effort to recover ANY U.S. service member in enemy captivity" and that the military will investigate how Bergdahl was captured. "Like any American, he is innocent until proven guilty.[...] Our Army’s leaders will not look away from misconduct if it occurred. In the meantime, we will continue to care for him and his family."[29][30]

Some soldiers who served with Bergdahl have called Bergdahl a deserter.[31][32][33] Nathan Bradley Bethea, a member of Bergdahl's battalion wrote a Daily Beast article stating that there was no patrol the night that Bergdahl went missing, and that Bergdahl had talked about his desire to walk to India. Bethea wrote that the brigade received an order not to discuss Bergdahl due to safety reasons, but now that he has been found there is not a need for further silence.[34] Cody Full, a member of Bergdahl's platoon, said "He knowingly deserted and put thousands of people in danger because he did. We swore to an oath and we upheld ours. He did not." Full said that Bergdahl had mailed his computer and other possessions home prior to his disappearance.[25]

Contacts by Taliban

Wikinews has related news:

On July 18, 2009, the Taliban released a video showing the captured Bergdahl.[3] In it, Bergdahl appeared downcast and frightened. A Department of Defense statement issued on July 19 confirmed that Bergdahl was declared "missing/whereabouts unknown" on July 1, and his status was changed to "missing/captured" on July 3.[35] In the 28-minute video, his captors held up his dog tags to establish that the captured man was Bergdahl.[3] Bergdahl gave the date as July 14 and mentioned an attack that occurred that day.[36][37][38]

In December 2009, five months after Bergdahl's disappearance, the media arm of the Afghan Taliban released a video of "a U.S. soldier captured in Afghanistan" titled "One of Their People Testified". The Taliban did not name the American, but the only U.S. soldier known to be in captivity was Bergdahl. U.S. military officials had been searching for Bergdahl, but it was not publicly known whether he was being held in Afghanistan or in neighboring Pakistan, an area off-limits to U.S. forces based in Afghanistan.[39] On December 25, another video was released showing Bergdahl in a combat uniform and helmet.[40][41] He described his place of birth, deployment to Afghanistan and subsequent capture, and made several statements regarding his humane treatment by his captors, contrasting this to the abuses suffered by insurgents in prisons. He finished by saying that the United States should not be involved in Afghanistan and that its presence there is akin to the Vietnam War.

The Taliban originally demanded $1 million[42] and the release of 21 Afghan prisoners and Aafia Siddiqui, a Pakistani scientist convicted in a U.S. court on charges of attempted murder of U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan.[43][44] Most of the Afghan prisoners sought were being held at Guantanamo Bay.[45] The Taliban later reduced its demand to five Taliban prisoners in exchange for Bergdahl's release.[46]

On April 7, 2010, the Taliban released a third video of Bergdahl, with a full head of hair and a beard, pleading for the release of Afghan prisoners held at Guantanamo and Bagram. In November 2010, Bergdahl appeared briefly in a fourth video[47] and in May 2011, in a fifth video.[48]

In August 2010, it was reported that a Taliban commander named Haji Nadeem said Bergdahl was helping to train the Taliban in bomb-making and infantry tactics. The Pentagon dismissed the reports as Taliban propaganda.[49][50]

In December 2011, it was reported that Bergdahl had tried to escape three months earlier but was recaptured after three days.[51] In June 2013, Bergdahl's parents received a letter from him through the Red Cross.[52] In January 2014, the United States received another proof of life video dated December 14, 2013. In it, Bergdahl mentioned the death of South African president Nelson Mandela, showing that the video had been filmed after December 5.

Search efforts

According to soldiers from Bergdahl's platoon, fellow soldiers described an increase in attacks against the United States in Paktika Province in the days and weeks following Bergdahl's disappearance.[53] Two Pashto-language leaflets were distributed by the U.S. military in seeking Bergdahl.[5] One showed a smiling GI shaking hands with Afghan children, with a caption that called him a guest in Afghanistan. The other showed a door being broken down and threatened that those holding Bergdahl would be hunted down.[5]

CNN reported that, according to soldiers involved in the operations to find Bergdahl, at least six soldiers were killed;[53] a spokesman for the Pentagon said that it is impossible to confirm whether anybody's death was directly linked to the search for Bergdahl,[25][54] but said the Pentagon will look further into the circumstances of the deaths being associated with the search.[54]

Due to resources being diverted to find Bergdahl, the closing of Combat Outpost Keating was delayed, which may have led to eight American soldiers being killed on October 3, 2009, after 300 Taliban insurgents overran the base.[25][53] A former senior military officer disputed that the diversion of resources led to the attack, noting that COP Keating was in "a dangerous region in Afghanistan in the middle of the ‘fighting season’" and that "it is 'difficult to establish a direct cause and effect.'”[25] According to The New York Times, "A review of the database of casualties in the Afghan war suggests that Sergeant Bergdahl’s critics appear to be blaming him for every American soldier killed in Paktika Province in the four-month period that followed his disappearance."[25]

Release efforts

For months, U.S. negotiators sought to arrange the transfer of five Taliban detainees held at Guantanamo Bay detention camp to the Gulf state of Qatar. The transfer was intended as one of a series of confidence-building measures designed to open the door to political talks between the Taliban and Afghan President Hamid Karzai's government.[55] That move – at the center of U.S. strategy for ending the long, costly conflict in Afghanistan – was supposed to lead directly to Bergdahl's release. The Taliban has consistently called for the United States to release those held at Guantanamo Bay in exchange for freeing Western prisoners. But the Guantanamo transfer proposal ground to a halt when the Taliban rejected U.S. conditions designed to ensure transferred Taliban would not slip away and re-emerge as military leaders.[56] Ultimately, the Obama administration agreed to the prisoner exchange, allowing Bergdahl to be released on May 31, 2014.[57]

Release
Afghanistan
Khost is in Eastern Afghanistan, near the Pakistani border
Khost is in Eastern Afghanistan, near the Pakistani border

On May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was released by his captors and recovered by Delta Force[58] component of Joint Special Operations Command in eastern Afghanistan. The release was brokered by the American, Qatar, and Afghanistan governments with the Taliban, in exchange for five Guantanamo Bay detainees transferred to Qatari custody for at least one year. Though U.S. federal law states that the president must inform Congress at least 30 days in advance of any transfers at Guantanamo Bay, no notice was given.[59] On 10:30 a.m. (EDT) May 31, 2014, Bergdahl was handed over by 18 Taliban members to a special operations team[60] in eastern Afghanistan,[61] near Khost on the Pakistani border, in what was described as a "peaceful handover".[62] A video of the handover was later released by the Taliban.[63]

Bergdahl was treated by U.S. military medical staff at an undisclosed base in eastern Afghanistan. He was then transferred to Bagram Airfield before being flown to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Germany, for medical treatment. He is expected to return home to Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas, for further recovery.[64]

The Taliban detainees – known as the "Taliban Five"[65] – who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to custody in Doha, Qatar, are Mohammad Fazl, Khairullah Khairkhwa, Abdul Haq Wasiq, Norullah Noori, and Mohammad Nabi Omari.[66] They were the Taliban army chief of staff, a Taliban deputy minister of intelligence, a former Taliban interior minister, and two other senior Taliban figures.[67]

Some U.S. lawmakers have said that the prisoner swap that led to Bergdahl's release may have been illegal.[68] The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 mandates that all prisoner transfers from Guantanamo Bay require 30 days' notice to Congress, which was not done in this case.[59] When President Barack Obama signed the bill, he released a signing statement saying that the restriction interfered with the president's executive power as commander-in-chief.[69] The White House released a statement acknowledging that the release of the Guantanamo prisoners did not comply with the law but cited the president's signing statement, and "unique and exigent circumstances" as justification.[70][71] One year earlier, Jay Carney (then-spokesperson for the White House) had assured the press that the decision to free Bergdahl would only be made after consulting Congress, in accordance with said law.[72]

Debate over negotiations

Mike Rogers, chairman of the House Intelligence Committee said he was "extremely troubled" and that "This fundamental shift in U.S. policy signals to terrorists around the world a greater incentive to take U.S. hostages".[73] This sentiment was repeated by Congressmen Buck McKeon and James Inhofe, who released a joint statement saying that terrorists now have a "strong incentive" to capture more soldiers.[74]

Anderson Cooper asked White House spokesman Jay Carney if it can "still be said that the United States does not negotiate with terrorists" to which Carney replied:

It can be ... because when you put on the uniform of the United States and you go and fight on behalf of your country in a foreign land at war, and you’re taken captive by the enemy, the principle that we don’t leave our men and women behind doesn’t have an asterisk attached to it depending on who’s holding you.

Anderson followed up by asking "Even if it was a group like Al Qaeda, there would be negotiations with them?" to which Carney replied:

What I’m saying is he was a prisoner in an armed conflict, and we were engaged in an effort for five years to try to recover him. As an admiral said on TV today, he said when one of your shipmates goes overboard, you go get them. You don’t ask whether he jumped or he was pushed or he fell. You go get him first and then you find out.[75]

Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel said that the release should be considered a "prisoner of war exchange" since the Taliban Five were members of the government of a sovereign state, and that "We didn't negotiate with terrorists".[76]

Time magazine published an article stating that the Taliban are:

[N]ot really a 'terrorist' enemy as we commonly understand the word. The group is not on the State Department’s official list of terrorist organizations and has long been a battlefield enemy in the ground war for control of Afghanistan. It is not plotting to, say, hijack American airplanes—even if it does have sympathies with people who are. Ditto the Taliban leaders released over the weekend.

Time pointed out that the United States and other countries have "negotiated with terrorists" multiple times in previous years.[77] In February 2014, CNN published an article discussing the possibility of releasing Bergdahl in exchange for the five Taliban, and concluded that "discussions about the release of Bergdahl with the Afghan Taliban are not directly with a terrorist organization per se, but instead with an insurgent group that has a terrorist wing".[78]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Albrecht, Sky (2014). "Pray for My Brother". PrayerBadgers. BlogSpot. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
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  27. ^ Fox News 3 June 2014 1:00pm
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  55. ^ Ryan, Missy (May 9, 2012). "Family pleads for U.S. prisoner at heart of Afghan peace push". Reuters. Washington, D.C.
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  67. ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (May 31, 2014). "Five of the Most Dangerous Taliban Commanders in U.S. Custody Exchanged for American Captive". www.WeeklyStandard.com. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  68. ^ Mark Sappenfield (June 1, 2014). "Obama's Bowe Bergdahl prisoner swap: Was it illegal? –". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  69. ^ Obama Disputes Limits on Detainee Transfers Imposed in Defense Bill, The New York Times
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  71. ^ "GOP lawmakers: Prisoner exchange violated law". Morningjournal.com. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
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  73. ^ "Political divide: 'Don't negotiate with terrorists' vs. 'Leave no man behind'". CNN Political Ticker – CNN.com Blogs. Retrieved June 5, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  74. ^ "GOP on Bowe Bergdahl release: U.S. shouldn't negotiate with terrorists – CBS News". Cbsnews.com. June 1, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  75. ^ "Carney: We don't leave people behind – CNN.com Video". Cnn.com. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  76. ^ 15 Photos (June 1, 2014). "Hagel: U.S. didn't negotiate with terrorists in securing Bergdahl's release – Washington Times". The Washington Times. Retrieved June 5, 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  77. ^ Michael Crowley. "Bowe Bergdahl: Obama Didn't Negotiate With Taliban Terrorists". Time. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  78. ^ "Opinion: Will the U.S. negotiate with terrorists? –". Cnn.com. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
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