Talk:Childhood obesity

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Epidemiology

Although the rate of obesity among children increases dramatically in recent year, the epidemiology varies according to socioeconomic and cultural conditions. In poor countries, obesity is a feature for the rich. Oppositely, it is a feature for the poor in rich countries. And in many middle-ranking economies, the amount of people who are obese or thin is almost equal.[1] ZPMengdi (talk) 00:10, 20 February 2012 (UTC)[reply]


Defining Childhood Obesity According to both the WHO and CDC, BMI growth charts for children and teens are sensitive to both age-and sex-specific groups, justified by the differences in body fat between sexes and among different age groups.[2] The CDC BMI-for-age growth charts use age-and-gender specific percentiles to define where the child or teenagers stands as compared to the population standard to define overweight and obese categories.[3] For the CDC, a BMI greater than the 85th percentile but less than the 95th percentile is considered overweight, and a BMI of greater than or equal to the 95th percentile is considered obese.[4] WHO parameters for BMI-for-age parameters are defined by standard deviations and describe overweight to be greater than +1standard deviation from the mean (equivalent to BMI=25kg/m2 at 19 years) and obese as +2 standard deviations from the mean for 5-19 year olds (equivalent to BMI=30kg/m2 at 19 years).[5]

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) has facilitated estimation of childhood obesity rates at state levels and comparison of geographic differences in social and behavioral factors. In the United States, 17% of children and teenagers in the United States are considered obese (BMI ≥95th percentile of the sex specific 2000 CDC growth charts).[6] Prevalence has remained high over the past three decades across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups, and represents a three-fold increase from one generation ago and is expected to continue rising.[7] [8] Prevalence of pediatric obesity also varies with state. The highest rates of childhood obesity are found in the southeastern states of which Mississippi was found to have the highest rate of overweight/obese children, 44.5%/21.9% respectively.[9] The western states were found to have the lowest prevalence, such as Utah (23.1%) and Oregon(9.6%).[10] From 2003-2007, there was a two fold increase in states reporting prevalence of pediatric obesity greater than or equal to 18%.7 Oregon was the only state showing decline from 2003 to 2007 (decline by 32%), and using children in Oregon as a reference group, obesity in children in Illinois, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Georgia, and Kansas has doubled.[11] The likelihood of obesity in children was found to increase significantly with decreasing levels of household income, lower neighborhood access to parks or sidewalks, increased television viewing time, and increased recreational computer time.[12] Black and Hispanic children are more likely to be obese compared to white (Blacks OR=1.71 and Hispanics=1.76).[13] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[14] The prevalence of obesity among boys from households with an income at or above 350% the poverty level was found to be 11.9%, while boys with a household income level at or above 130% of the poverty level was 21.1%. [15] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[16] The same trend followed in girls. Girls with a household income at or above 350% of the poverty level has an obesity prevalence of 12.0%, while girls with a household income 130% below the poverty level had a 19.3% prevalence.[17] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[18] These trends were not consistent when stratified according to race. “The relationship between income and obesity prevalence is significant among non-Hispanic white boys; 10.2% of those living in households with income at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 20.7% of those in households below 130% of the poverty level.” [19] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[20] The same trend follows in non-Hispanic white girls (10.6% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese, and 18.3% of those living below 130% of the poverty level are obese)[21] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[22]. There is no significant trend in prevalence by income level for either boys or girls among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children and adolescents.[23] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[24] “In fact, the relationship does not appear to be consistent; among Mexican-American girls, although the difference is not significant, 21.0% of those living at or above 350% of the poverty level are obese compared with 16.2% of those living below 130% of the poverty level.” [25] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[26] Additional findings also include that the majority of children and adolescents are not low income children.[27] A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[28] The majority of non-Hispanic white children and adolescents also live in households with income levels at or above 130% of the poverty level.</ref> A 2010 NCHS Data Brief published by the CDC found interesting trends in prevalence of childhood obesity.[29] Approximately 7.5 million children live in households with income levels above 130% of the poverty level compared to 4.5 million children in households with income at or above 130% of the poverty level.[30]

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the World Prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. A Lancet article published in 2010 that the prevalence of childhood obesity during the past two to three decades, much like the United States, has increased in most other industrialized nations, excluding Russia and Poland.[31] Between the early 1970s and late 1990s, prevalence of childhood obesity doubled or tripled in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, the UK, and the USA.[32] A 2010 article from the American Journal of Clinical nutrition analyzed global prevalence from 144 countries in preschool children (less than 5 years old).[33] Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean.[34] They found an estimated 42 million obese children under the age of five in the world of which close to 35 million lived in developing countries.11 Additional findings included worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increasing from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010 and expecting to rise to 9.1% (95% CI: 7.3%, 10.9%), an estimated 60 million overweight and obese children in 2020.[35]

Anc sierra (talk) 16:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

The text suggested is not currently formatted properly. Many of the refs are not suitable per WP:MEDRS. Thus would need improvements first. Thanks Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 21:43, 15 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. - You didn't even say what you wanted to be changed. Orashmatash (talk) 13:33, 17 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Orashmatash: I think you misunderstood Anc sierra's request. For clarity, I have created the boxes above and moved your comment here. Gabbe (talk) 09:24, 18 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

There are a few more issues with the suggested text

1)the content is not formatted correctly and there are no Wiki links (not that important but still)

2) the text is too technical for example take this sentence "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." We do not need the CIs. And this " Cross-sectional surveys from 144 countries were used and overweight and obesity were defined as preschool children with values >3SDs from the mean." greater than three standard deviations from the mean. Come on this is a general encyclopedia.

3) third issues and the most significant one this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." is exactly the same as this line "worldwide prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased from 4.2% (95% CI: 3.2%, 5.2%) in 1990 to 6.7% (95% CI: 5.6%, 7.7%) in 2010." which is found in this paper http://www.ajcn.org/content/92/5/1257.full There is much that is too closely paraphased / copy and pasted.

Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 00:07, 17 December 2011 (UTC)[reply]

New picture

I would like to suggest we change the main picture of the article to this one:

--Cruz855 (talk) 20:43, 3 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Edit request on 29 October 2012 new Section called Impact on Education and Academic Performance

Obesity is an issue that is becoming more and more prevalent, especially in children. There are many factors that have previously been discussed but none have touched on the impact childhood obesity has on their education and academic performance. Poor diet, characterized by the excess intake of dietary fat and refined sugars which is becoming common in school age children are some of the primary mechanisms for this rising prevalence in obesity (Florence et al, 2008). It really is to bad, that children aren't eating lots of fruits and vegetables instead because those will increase your academic performance. In fact, Sweitzer et al (2011) has reported that proper nutrition enhances the learning of children and increases their academic performance and that only 48 % of American pre school children are consuming the required number of servings of fruits and vegetables. Imagine a society, where 100% of children were eating the required number of fruits and vegetables, resulting in a healthier brain and higher learning potential. In a society, where academic performance of children impacts their future educational attainment and success having poor nutrition in children leading to poor academic success is not satisfactory.
As childhood obesity is on the rise, it is important that childhood educators have well-informed and thoughtful responses to this issue/condition and be educated. If you went into the school system and asked the teachers how they were educated in regards to dealing with obesity, chances are most would say they weren't and sadly that's a reality (Jalongo, 1999). Steps should be taken towards educating teachers on how to deal with children suffering from obesity in a compassionate and respectful way. Furthermore, since the school setting is known to influence students eating patterns and that over 53 million students attend school every day in the US alone (Prelip et al, 2012); nutrition related obesity prevention programs can be very useful. School nutrition programs should target low caloric food that contains essential micro nutrients that reduce obesity weight and lead to a healthy body. As well, breakfast programs have been shown to be of great success (Mhurchu et al, 2010) and should continue to run in low SES areas and promote healthy living.
Overall, healthy children is pivotal to a successful future. The fact that hungry children may lack the energy and motivation to be involved in classroom activities, and that malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies have been shown to impact physical, mental, social health and cognitive functioning shows just how much nutrition matters and that for children, healthy nutritious lives should be emphasized both in the home and at school so that they may achieve their full academic and learning potential. Pd08tu (talk) 15:24, 29 October 2012 (UTC)pd08tu[reply]

Not done: please be more specific about what needs to be changed. You also need to provide the references (Florence, Sweitzer, etc.) unless they are already present on the article. Also if you want the text above to be placed verbatim into the article, it needs to be rewritten to remove editorializing such as "It really is to [sic] bad" and "is not satisfactory". —KuyaBriBriTalk 19:39, 29 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Introduction, Home environment edits

For the introduction please add: In 2009, according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2011) 28% of children aged 5-17 were overweight, showing just how much of a serious public health concern this is.

For the section on home environment please add:

As previously reported, the more mothers work the more children are likely to become overweight or obese, another factor that is also important would be the mothers education. There have been studies showing that child malnutrition and obesity can be predicted by their mothers education and family income (Tucker and Young, 1998). Furthermore, the socioeconomic status (SES) of the home and family is important; many low SES children lack the same access to resources and experiences that would help reduce the risk of becoming obese (Bradely and Corwyn, 2002).

Furthermore, a common occurrence of the home environment is meal times, especially breakfast and supper. Having said that, Mhurchu et al (2010) has found that missing breakfast is most common in older girls. This is important because the absence of breakfast has been associated with adverse effects on cognitive function, academic performance, school attendance, psychosocial function and mood in children and young people (Mhurchu et al, 2010; Prelip et al, 2012). 216.121.231.32 (talk) 19:22, 29 October 2012 (UTC)pd08tu[reply]

Not done for now: You need to provide those references (OECD, Tucker and Young, etc.). —KuyaBriBriTalk 19:40, 29 October 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Socioeconomic status of the family of overweight children

I would like to add this topic, there are several studies avaiable. The two that have been research are Delva, O"Malley, and Johnston (2006) and Kitsantas, and Talleyrand (2010). Both go into great detail on how the SES (socioeconomic status) affects overweight and obese children. Here are the citations:

  • Delva, Ph.D., Jorge, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ph.D., and Lloyd D. Johnston Ph.D. "Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Overweight and Health-Related Behaviors among American Students: National Trends 1986-2003." Journal of Adolescent Health 39 (2006): 536-45. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.
  • Kitsantas, Anastasia, and Regine Talleyrand. "Acculturation and Self-regulation as Determinants of Childhood Obesity." Counseling and Human Development Feb. 2010. 1+. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. --Tugboat in MI (talk) 01:23, 11 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]
Hi Tugboat in MI! If you write a few sentences that can be added to this article, including your sources, and you drop me a note, I can paste them into the article for you. (Or you make five more edits, at which point you get autoconfirmed, and you can edit this article.) I had already written these lines when I saw the next two edit requests and the good answers that Celestra gave you. Lova Falk talk 07:51, 31 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

thank you for your help if we can add below that would be great. In a study Delva, Johnson, and O’Malley (2006) showed that. the prevalence .is considerably greater of being overweight and engaging in less healthy behaviors and sedentary activities, like playing video games and computer games, considerably greater among youth from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds and of lower socioeconomic status. Another factor is that the lack of appropriate nutrition and physical activity, and the familial and various other environmental factors that contribute to youths’ nutritional and physical activity choices.[36]

Edit request on 18 October 2013

Socioeconomic status of the family of overweight children[edit]I would like to add this topic, there are several studies avaiable. The two that I have researched are Delva, O"Malley, and Johnston (2006) and Kitsantas, and Talleyrand (2010). Both go into great detail on how the SES (socioeconomic status) affects overweight and obese children. Here are the citations:

Delva, Ph.D., Jorge, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ph.D., and Lloyd D. Johnston Ph.D. "Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Overweight and Health-Related Behaviors among American Students: National Trends 1986-2003." Journal of Adolescent Health 39 (2006): 536-45. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. Kitsantas, Anastasia, and Regine Talleyrand. "Acculturation and Self-regulation as Determinants of Childhood Obesity." Counseling and Human Development Feb. 2010. 1+. Academic OneFile. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. --Tugboat in MI (talk) 01:23, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

This is the text I would put in: In a study done by Delva, Johnson, and O’Malley (2006) showed that overall findings that the prevalence of being overweight and engaging in less healthy behaviors and sedentary activities, like playing video games and computer games, considerably greater among youth from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds and of lower socioeconomic status. Another factor is that the lack of appropriate nutrition and physical activity, and the familial and various other environmental factors that contribute to youths’ nutritional and physical activity choices. Tugboat in MI (talk) 00:53, 18 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Not done: Please see other edit request. Thanks, Celestra (talk) 17:25, 19 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Edit request on 18 October 2013

I would like to add the information on BMI, that even children with a high BMI needs to undergo weight loss. That BMI doesn't specify whether the body mass is consisting of fat or lean tissue. 

Experts available to discuss child hood obesity, role of BMI. (2005, Jul 2006). Business Wire Retrieved   
        from http://search.proquest.com?docview?445400377?accountid=2200, Sept 22, 2013

In the first paragraph of the article it is mention that BMI is the method to determine if a child is overweight or obese. On Business Wire a article “Experts Available to Discuss Childhood Obesity, Role of BMI”, found that doctors often use the body mass index (BMI) to determine healthy weight in children, the U.S. Preventive Service Task Force has issued a report claiming there is no evidence to support that all children with a high BMI will need to undergo weight loss. Task force members say the BMI can identify that a child may have a weight problem, but the BMI doesn’t specify whether the body mass is consist of fat of lean tissue, The reports recommends doctors pat special attention to children who experience sudden increases in their weight without changes in height. They also request that schools would require more physical activity and for the communities to develop exercise space for children to help curb childhood obesity.

Tugboat in MI (talk) 01:07, 18 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Not done: The text in your second paragraph, which reads like a quote from the reference, contradicts the text you say you want to add. Also, the text here and in the previous request are confusing and ungrammatical and suggest a reasonable concern as to whether the text correctly summarizes the claims from the sources. I'll go into more detail on your talk page. Regards, Celestra (talk) 17:38, 19 October 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for your input. Could we put in the first paragrah "On Business Wire a article “The U.S. Preventive Service Task Force has issued a report claiming there is no evidence to support that all children with a high BMI will need to undergo weight loss. Task force members say the BMI can identify that a child may have a weight problem, but the BMI doesn’t specify whether the body mass is consist of fat of lean tissue." This shows that we are putting to much on BMI on childhood obesity. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tugboat in MI (talk • contribs) 02:13, 15 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]
The first few paragraphs are called the lead (or lede) and summarize the entire article, so that wouldn't be a good place to add this. The first section, "Classification", talks about BMI and some content might be appropriate there, especially since one of the current references is an abstract which points out the problem with BMI as a predicter of body fat percentage (BF%). How about we add "The US Preventive Service Task Force reported that not all children with a high BMI need to lose weight. High BMI can identify a possible weight problem, but doesn’t differentiate between fat or lean tissue." Celestra (talk) 03:12, 22 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

That would be a great idea, please go ahead and add that. Thank you — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tugboat in MI (talk • contribs) 15:38, 24 November 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Prevention

I would like add the following: Health advocates have been pushing school to provide health snack alterative in school vending machines. But a study in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine released in Feb 2012 shows that the efforts to provide healthier snacks remain unchanged. The main reason was that less nutritious offerings were being offered with healthier snacks. [37]

Epidemiology

A new systematic review of global overweight and obesity trends was published in The Lancet May 2014 I would like to insert some of that data into the article. However, I want to be cautious because I have a COI. I have been hired by the organization that employs the lead authors of the study. Is it cool to insert that data? Savannah38 (talk) 19:49, 30 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Epidemiology

Hi again, This year, a new study of global health trends was published in The Lancet May 2014, with data that's more recent than the two references currently cited in the epidemiology section. I'd like to insert the following two sentences and citations into the section:

From 1980 to 2013, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children increased by nearly 50%. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960460-8/fulltext

In 2014, the World Health Organization established a high-level commission to end childhood obesity. http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2023718160_apxmedfatworld.html

I wanted to run this by fellow Wikipedians because I have a possible COI. I am doing some work for IHME, whose researchers led the Lancet study. Are there any objections to entering this information?

Savannah38 (talk) 18:35, 10 September 2014 (UTC)[reply]

I'm going to go ahead and insert the updated data above.

Savannah38 (talk) 01:29, 13 November 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Medications

There are few long-term treatment options that are safe and effective. However, there are several medications under investigation and are currently under review by the FDA. These treatments have completed phase III trials.[38]Mommabear1 (talk) 01:14, 21 October 2014 (UTC)[reply]



≈≈≈≈I am planing to add my thinking to this page≈≈≈≈ User:thatgirl2018/obesity — Preceding undated comment added 21:46, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a constant issue worldwide. The number of children who are obese has doubled, and the number of adolescents has quadrupled in the last 30 years. Statistics show that in 2012, over one third of children were obese, and the number just keeps increasing. Although there are children that are overweight and others that are obese, there are two different definitions.  The definition of overweight is, “having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors.” The definition of obese is, “having excess body fat.” Both consist of a caloric imbalance, few calories burned for the amount consumed. (Childhood Obesity Facts)

"Childhood Obesity Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 06 July 2015. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EGAZAWAY (talk • contribs) 21:12, 6 July 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Childhood Obesity

Childhood obesity is a constant issue worldwide. The number of children who are obese has doubled, and the number of adolescents has quadrupled in the last 30 years. Statistics show that in 2012, over one third of children were obese, and the number just keeps increasing. Although there are children that are overweight and others that are obese, there are two different definitions.  The definition of overweight is, “having excess body weight for a particular height from fat, muscle, bone, water, or a combination of these factors.” The definition of obese is, “having excess body fat.” Both consist of a caloric imbalance, few calories burned for the amount consumed. (Childhood Obesity Facts)

"Childhood Obesity Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 06 July 2015.

EGAZAWAY (talk) 21:14, 6 July 2015 (UTC) Emily[reply]

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  36. ^ Delva, Ph.D., Jorge, Patrick M. O'Malley, Ph.D., and Lloyd D. Johnston Ph.D. "Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Overweight and Health-Related Behaviors among American Students: National Trends 1986-2003." Journal of Adolescent Health 39 (2006): 536-45. Web. 25 Sept. 2013.
  37. ^ Nixon, Ron. "New Guidelines Planned on School Vending Machines." New York Times,, New York Times, 20 feb.2012. Web. 23Nov 2013
  38. ^ Aronne, Louis J. (September 25, 2014). "Evolving Directions in Obesity Management". Journal of Family Practice.
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