Jack Kilby
Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was a notable American electrical engineer who co-won the Nobel Prize in physics in 2000. He invented the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at Texas Instruments (TI) at about six months before Robert Noyce made the same invention at Fairchild Semiconductor.
Biography
Kilby was born in Jefferson City, Missouri. He spent much of his early life in Great Bend, Kansas and graduated from Great Bend High School. Road signs at the entrances to the town commemorate his time there.
After failing to gain entry to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (he got 497 points, the lowest score to enter was 500), Kilby received his bachelor of science degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1947 with a degree in Electrical Engineering. He obtained a master's degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1950, while simultaneously working at Centralab in Milwaukee.
In the summer of 1958, Kilby was a newly employed engineer at Texas Instruments who did not yet have the right to a summer vacation. He spent the summer working on the problem in circuit design that was commonly called the "tyranny of numbers" and finally came to the conclusion that manufacturing the circuit components en masse in a single piece of semiconductor material could provide a solution. On September 12 he presented his findings to the management of Texas Instruments: he showed them a piece of germanium with an oscilloscope attached, pressed a switch, and the oscilloscope showed a continuous sine wave, proving that his integrated circuit worked and thus that he solved the problem. A patent for a "Solid Circuit made of Germanium", the first integrated circuit, was filed on February 6, 1959. In addition to the integrated circuit, Kilby also is noted for patenting the electronic portable calculator and the thermal printer used in data terminals. In total, he held about 60 patents.
From 1978 to 1985, he was Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at Texas A&M University. In 1983, Kilby retired from Texas Instruments.
Kilby died June 20, 2005 at the age of 81, in Dallas, Texas following a brief battle with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Awards and honors
Kilby was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1990. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his breakthrough discovery. The Kilby Center, TI's research center for silicon manufacturing, is named after him.The Jack Kilby Computer Centre at the Merchiston Campus of Napier University in Edinburgh is named in his honour.
Select patents
- U.S. patent 3,138,743 – Miniaturized electronic circuit filed February 1959, issued June 1964
- U.S. patent 3,138,747 – Integrated semiconductor circuit device
- U.S. patent 3,261,081 – Method of making miniaturized electronic circuits
- U.S. patent 3,434,015 – Capacitor for miniaturized electronic circuits or the like
- U.S. patent 3,819,921 – Miniature electronic calculator, first filing September 1967, issued June 1974, handheld (3 lb, 1.4 kg) battery operated electronic device with thermal printer
- about fifty-six others
External links
- "Jack St. Clair Kilby", biography by Texas Instruments.
- "Jack Kilby, Touching Lives on Micro and Macro Scales - By T.R. Reid", The Washington Post (June 2005).
- Obituary: The Economist, Jul 7th 2005
- Nobelprize.org posts Mr Kilby’s Nobel lecture
- Jack S. Kilby, Autobiography in English
- Inventors of the Modern Computer