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Hadith of the twelve successors

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The hadith of the twelve successors, or twelve caliphs (Arabic: حديث الاثني عشر خليفة, romanized: ḥadīth al-ithnā ‘ashar khalīfah) is an Islamic prophecy, attributed to Muhammad. It is perhaps most popular among Twelver Shiites, as they affirm the prophecy was fulfilled by the Twelve Imams but it also found in all the Sunni books. According to the prophecy there will reign twelve caliphs—presumably the first being crowned upon the Prophet's death—and after which the Caliphate would either cease to exist or lose significant political influence. It is stated that all twelve caliphs will be from the tribe of Quraysh.


The hadith states: Narrated Jabir ibn Samura: I heard the Prophet (s) saying:

"There will be Twelve Commanders." He then said a sentence which I did not hear. My father said, the Prophet added, "All of them will be from Quraysh." Sahih al-Bukhari (English), Hadith: Volume 9 Book 89 Hadith 329, Kitabul Ahkam; Sahih al-Bukhari, (Arabic), 4:165, Kitabul Ahkam]

The Prophet (s) said: "The Religion (Islam) will continue until the Hour (Day of Resurrection), having Twelve Caliphs for you, all of them will be from Quraysh" Sahih Muslim (English), Chapter DCCLIV, v3, p1010, Tradition #4483; Sahih Muslim (Arabic), Kitab al-Imaara, 1980 Saudi Arabian Edition, v3, p1453, Tradition #10][1]

Above the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad states that will twelve successors will succeed him and that they will be of the Quraysh tribe, of Muhammad's family and kin, the Ahl al-Bayt. Shias argue that Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman were not of Muhammad's tribe the Banu Hashim of the Quraysh tribe and do not trace there way back to Muhammad therefore the wrongful successors. All of the twelve imams in Shia Islam, are of the Quraysh tribe and trace there way back as being descendants of Muhammad, thus supporting the true meaning of this Hadith and the successors of the Muhammad. [2][3]

The Hadith is found in both Sunni and Shia books and is regarded as authentic and sahih by all sects and denominations of Islam.

Another interpretation is that the prophecy was fulfilled by the Rashidun Caliphs.[4] Some commentators, such as Ibn Kathir and Ibn Taymiyya, link this hadith with the biblical account of Moses and his twelve deputies.[5][6][7][8]

Sunni view

Imam Muslim on Sahih Muslim wrote: Rasulullah s.a.w said: "This religion (Islam) will remain standing until twelve caliph, which all of them is from Quraysh, rule over you." (Sahih Muslim)

Imam Abu Dawud on Shahih Abi Dawud wrote: Masyruq said: We sits with Abdullah bin Mas'ud, learn Al-Qur'an from him. Someone asks to him: Do you asks to Rasulullah s.a.w about how many caliph that will rule this umat? Ibnu Mas'ud answers: Of course we asks this thing to Rasulullah s.a.w and he answers: "Twelve, like the amount of the leaders of Banu Israel." (Shahih Al-Bukhari)

Biblical Properchy

"And for Ishmael, I heard his prayer; Behold, I will bless him and make it luxury and I will breeded his descendants, Twelve King will be born and I will be born and I will make him a great nation." Genesis 18:20

Fihr, which is the founder of Quraish tribe, is a descendant of Prophert Ishmael.

Fihr (Quraish) bin Malik bin Nadhr bin Kinanah bin Khuzayma bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudhar bin Nizar bin Ma'ad bin Adnan bin Udad bin al-Muqawwam bin Nahur bin Tayrah bin Ya'rub bin Yasyjub bin Nabit bin Ishmael bin Abraham.

List of Caliphs

  1. Ali [9]
  2. Hasan ibn Ali
  3. Husayn ibn Ali
  4. Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
  5. Hasan ibn Ali
  6. Muhammad al-Baqir
  7. Ja'far al-Sadiq
  8. Musa al-Kadhim
  9. Ali al-Ridha
  10. Muhammad al-Jawad
  11. Hasan al-Askari
  12. Mahdi

See also

References

  1. ^ https://www.al-islam.org/articles/beliefs-twelve-successors
  2. ^ https://www.al-islam.org/verses-ghadir-al-mustafa-center-islamic-researches/2-prophet-s-foretells-about-twelve-imams
  3. ^ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir 250
  6. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, volume 6, p. 249-250
  7. ^ Tarikh ibn Kathir, 6:248; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27; Al-Haskani, Shawahid al-Tanzil, 1:455, Tradition No. 626.
  8. ^ Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal v1 p398 and p406; Mustadrak al-Hakim, 4:501; Al-Dhahabi, Talkhis al-Mustadrak 4:501. I; Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Fath al-Bari 16:339; #Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami, Majma al-Zawa'id 5:190; Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami, Al-Sawa'iq al-Muhriqa, vol 12; Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa, Vol 10; Jami' al-Saghir 1:75; Kanz al-Ummal, 13:27
  9. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali
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