Black capuchin
| Black capuchin[1] | |
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| Black capuchin in Argentina | |
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| Species: | S. nigritus
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| Binomial name | |
| Sapajus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809)
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| Combined range of S. n. nigritus and S. n. cucullatus. S. n. robustus is found just northeast of this range (see text). | |
The black capuchin, (Sapajus nigritus), also known as the black-horned capuchin,[2] is a capuchin monkey from the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil and far north-eastern Argentina. Historically, it was included as a subspecies of the tufted capuchin.[1]
Taxonomy
The black capuchin was originally named Cebus nigritus or Cebus apella nigritus, and while this has been changed, a lot of sources still name the black capuchin as part of the Cebus genus.[3]
Biology
The black capuchin is a social animal. It likes to live in groups, usually consisting of 6 to 20 members, and is hierarchal. Despite the fact that these groups tend to be made up of more females than males, the alpha female of the group is submissive to the alpha male.
Communication within groups consists of bodily, facial and vocal communications. One example of this is the 'scream embrace mechanism’, a high pitched called used to regroup (usually male) members of a group.[4]
Subspecies
The black capuchin has three subspecies: Sapajus n. nigritus (nominate) and S. n. cucullatus are found in the southern part (the former eastwards, and the latter westwards) of this species' range, and both have a distinctive pair of tufts on the crown, as also suggested by the alternative common name of this species; black-horned capuchin. The last subspecies, the crested or robust tufted capuchin (S. n. robustus) is found in the northern part of this species' range (north of the Doce River), and has a median conical crest on the crown.[5] It is sometimes considered a separate species.[6]
Status
The black capuchin's population number is unknown, but thought to be declining. This is due mostly to habitat loss, hunting, and the pet trade.[7] The two southern subspecies remain relatively widespread and are rated as Near Threatened by the IUCN.[2] The distinctive northern subspecies has a far more restricted distribution and it is considered Endangered.[8]
References
- ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Kierulff, M.C.M.; Mendes, S.L.; Rylands, A.B. (2015). "Sapajus nigritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. IUCN: e.T136717A70614145. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T136717A70614145.en.
- ^ "Black-horned Capuchin - Sapajus nigritus - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
- ^ "Black-horned capuchin videos, photos and facts - Cebus nigritus". ARKive. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
- ^ Rylands, A. B., Kierulff, M. C. M., & Mittermeier, R. A. (2005). Notes on the taxonomy and distributions of the tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus, Cebidae) of South America. Lundiana 6 (supp.): 97-110
- ^ Silva Jr., J. de S. (2001). Especiação nos macacos-prego e caiararas, gênero Cebus Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Cebidae). Ph.D. thesis. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- ^ Wildlife as Canon sees it. n.a.. National Geographic Magazine, June 2008.
- ^ Kierulff, M.C.M.; Mendes, S.L.; Rylands, A.B. (2015). "Sapajus robustus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. IUCN: e.T42697A70614762. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T42697A70614762.en.
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