Subluxation
A subluxation (Sublucation) is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ.[1] The exact definition depends on the anatomical part being involved.
Joints
A subluxation of a joint is where a connecting bone is partially out of the joint.[2] In contrast to a luxation, which is a complete separation of the joints, a subluxation often returns to its normal position without additional help from a health professional.[3] An example of a joint subluxation is a nursemaid's elbow, which is the subluxation of the head of the radius from the annular ligament. Other joints that are prone to subluxations are the shoulders, fingers, kneecaps, ribs, wrists, ankles, and hips affected by hip dysplasia. A spinal subluxation can sometimes impinge on spinal nerve roots, causing symptoms in the areas served by those roots. In the spine, such a displacement may be caused by a fracture, spondylolisthesis, rheumatoid arthritis,[4] severe osteoarthritis, falls, accidents and other traumas. This is common in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Lens of the eye
A subluxation of the lens within the eye is called ectopia lentis, wherein it is displaced or malpositioned.[5] Subluxated lenses are frequently found in those who have had ocular trauma and those with certain systemic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and homocystinuria. Some subluxated lenses may require removal, as in the case of those that float freely or those that have opacified to form cataracts.
Teeth
A subluxation of a tooth is a dental traumatic injury in which the tooth has increased mobility but has not been displaced from the mandible or maxilla. This is a common condition and one of the most common dental traumatic disorders.[6] Dental subluxation is a non-dental-urgency condition, i.e., unlikely to result in significant morbidity if not seen within 24 hours by a dentist,[7] and usually treated conservatively: good oral hygiene with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, a soft and cold diet, and avoidance of smoking for several days.[7] In painful situations, a temporary splinting of the injured teeth may relieve the pain.[8]
Subluxation may also occur in the mandible from the articular groove of the temporal bone.[9] The mandible can dislocate in the anterior, posterior, lateral, or superior position. Description of the dislocation is based on the location of the condyle in comparison to the temporal articular groove.[10]
References
- ^ "Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)". Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Page 107 in: Betsy J. Shiland (2014). Medical Terminology & Anatomy for ICD-10 Coding (2 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323290784.
- ^ page 63 in: Ted Eaves (2011). The Practical Guide to Athletic Training. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 9781449662684.
- ^ Calleja, Michele (25 May 2011). Chew, Felix S (ed.). "Rheumatoid Arthritis Spine Imaging". Medscape reference. WebMD LLC. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Eifrig, Charles W (22 July 2011). Roy Sr, Hampton (ed.). "Ectopia Lentis". Medscape reference. WebMD LLC. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Zadik Y, Levin L (February 2009). "Oral and facial trauma among paratroopers in the Israel Defense Forces". Dent Traumatol. 25 (1): 100–102. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00719.x. PMID 19208020.
- ^ a b Zadik Y (December 2008). "Algorithm of first-aid management of dental trauma for medics and corpsmen". Dent Traumatol. 24 (6): 698–701. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00649.x. PMID 19021668.
- ^ Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, et al. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (April 2007). "Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. I. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth". Dent Traumatol. 23 (2): 66–71. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00592.x. PMID 17367451.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Chaudhry, Meher (19 April 2012). Kulkarni, Rick (ed.). "Mandible dislocation". Medscape Reference. WebMD LLC. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Haddon, Robert; Peacock IV, W Franklin (2003). "240". In Tintinalli, Judith E; Kelen, Gabor D; Stapczynski, J Stephan (eds.). Face and Jaw Emergencies. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 1471–1476. ISBN 978-0071388757.
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