Talk:Dental fear
Gather all the information on this page under your allocated headings. Once approved by all the members, transfer it on to the "ARTICLE" page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 149.144.113.158 (talk) 00:36, 2 May 2018 (UTC)
Discussion Group 2
PLANNING
1. Defining (dental fear/phobia and dental anxiety) (RABIA)
2. Prevalence of dental fear (RABIA)
3. What causes it (external and internal contributory factors)? (SHEKIEB)
4. The impact of dental fear on daily life. Are we talking about children, or adults? (AMIRA)
5. Diagnosis and assessing dental fear (IFEMIDE)
6. Management of dental fear (RIYA)
7. Related topics (ALL)
8. References (ALL)
9. External links
— Preceding unsigned comment added by 18961065RP (talk • contribs) 04:06, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
The content on the "article" page is good, so we will just follow that outline. One thing is added: "the impact of dental fear on daily life"
Definition
Can you please find articles that says fear and anxiety are inter-related because there are more evidences available on treatments for dental anxiety.
Do we need to find that they are inter-related because that means I have more to say in my paragraphs. However if it is limited to dental fear only there seems to be not many research conducted on it.
YES. Say that they are inter-related. They are different, but one can cause another. E.g anxiety may be due to fear of injection.
Okey I'll research more to prove that they are interrelated, however our main focus is dental fear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EGYPT1998 (talk • contribs) 11:29, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
Should we also add links to the definition of the words fear, anxiety and phobia as well? - RN — Preceding unsigned comment added by N.RABIA (talk • contribs) 12:46, 8 May 2018 (UTC)
Prevalence
Does this just include prevalence on dental fear or will it also include dental phobia and dental anxiety.
Just on dental fear. :)
Prevalence of dental fear across the world: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4233415/
— Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:4F5D:BA00:74B7:B9A2:EC8D:7E5F (talk) 03:11, 8 May 2018 (UTC)
Causes
Can we use articles from British Dental Journal or it has to be Australian one? I have also downloaded a book called (Dental Fear and Anxiety in Paediatric Patients) which is a good literature. I can share it if anyone need it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mastoor39 (talk • contribs) 13:36, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
The causes of dental fear are mainly categorised into two sections; the external and the internal factors.
External Factors
- Direct experience: Dental fear can be due to negative or difficult past experiences, such as, noise of dental drill, fear of loss of control by the operator and any other medical procedure in the past.
- Indirect modeling experience: Dental fear can be developed by observation of an anxious dental patient, friend or family member.
- Information transmission: Dental fear can be transmitted through social media, reading a comic dental paper, watching a vicarious dental movie and listening to a fearful dental story from a friend or a family member.
Internal Factors
Some people are inherently or genetically fearful and, thus, are more vulnerable to being traumatised by a dental experience. However, age and gender can also influence dental fear.
- Genetics: Evidence shows that there is a strong relationship between parents and child fear as well as some evidence suggests that fear has robust genetic relationship. It is worth mentioning that psychological factors may result in developing dental fear.
- Age: Generally, young children aged 4-12 have the greatest number of fears and anxieties.
- Gender: Evidence suggests that girls and women have higher degree of dental fear, especially, about drilling and local anesthesia than boys and men. This could be partly due to societal mentality that it is okay for girls and women to express fear but not for boys and men.
The impact of dental fear on daily life
Dental fear is frequently encountered within dental offices and is not unusual to detect amongst patients. The development of dental fear within an individual creates a barrier for seeking oral health as it evokes physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses in an individual. Thus, affecting the individuals emotional well-being and overall quality of life as it begins general health complications such as;"septicemia skin problems, joint and heart problems, facial osteo-myelitis and many more". This can negatively affect the individuals functional well-being emotional well-being, social interaction and sense of self care. Therefore, research conducted has revealed that individuals suffering from dental fear are more often subjected to poorer quality of life in comparison to other individuals who are not dentally afraid. Dental fear creates long term avoidance of care, thus results in deteriorated dentition, missing teeth, decayed dentition and poor periodontal status. As a result individuals have difficulties interacting with different people, as they may be embarrassed due to poor aesthetics which makes smiling difficult and social interactions awkward. Therefore, this creates isolation and withdrawal impacting the emotional health.
This is further supported with vicious cycle of dental fear, whereby and individual is fearful of the dentist and as a result they begin delaying dental visits, dental problems begin to arise and as a consequence symptom driven treatment must take place increasing the dental fear. The inability to break this cycle may put the individual at an increased risk of developing chronic disease.
Amira, you may have to change this information as it talks about dental phobia and not fear (they are two different things).
I will make some changes, I had just thought based on what Rabia had stated that they were interrelated :)
Riya: Hey Amira, Can you add somewhere that the impact of dental fear leads to "vicious cycle of dental fear"
Amira: hey riya yes i have just had a look at the article and I will be including it into this part. — Preceding unsigned comment added by EGYPT1998 (talk • contribs) 08:45, 13 May 2018 (UTC)
— Preceding unsigned comment added by EGYPT1998 (talk • contribs) 10:54, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
— Preceding unsigned comment added by EGYPT1998 (talk • contribs) 09:38, 30 April 2018 (UTC)
Diagnosis
As afore mentioned there is a distinction between dental phobia, dental fear and dental anxiety. In this section we will then explore further the diagnosis available to determine these conditions. Self- report scales that can be used to measure include- 1. Dental fear survey (DFS) which incapsulates 20 items relation to various situations. 2. Modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDAS), used for children and it has 8 items. 3. The index of dental anxiety and fear (IDAF-4C+)Look up DSM-V manual for diagnosis of dental phobia, it important to keep in mind that the three terms: dental phobia, dental fear and dental anxiety are different terms, and therefore, there may be different ways of diagnosing it/different diagnoses.- RN
Managing dental fear - Riya
Dental fear varies across a continuum, from very mild fear to severe. Therefore, in dental setting, it is also the case where the technique and management that works for one patient might not work for another. Some patients may require a tailored management and treatment approach.
Numerous dental fear management strategies and techniques are put forward to avoid what has been referred to as a vicious cycle of dental fear, illustrated in figure 1.1. (1)
Non-pharmacological interventions
COMMUNICATION SKILLS, RAPPORT AND TRUST BUILDING
- Verbal communication: It is important for dental practitioners to have a positive behaviour, attitude and communicative stance. Dental practitioners should establish a direct approach by communicating with the patient in a friendly, calm and non-judgmental manner, using appropriate vocabulary and avoiding negative phases. Essential elements of good verbal communication include effective listening and two-way interaction, genuinely acknowledging patient’s concerns rather than dismissing, demonstrating empathy, effective listening and accurate reflection on what the patient says, and using appropriate voice and tone. (2,5)
- Non-verbal communication: positive eye-contact, friendly facial expressions and positive gestures are essential to achieve an empathetic relationship between the patient and dental practitioner. (5)
By doing so, communication skills create a bond of understanding, trust and confidence between the dental practitioner and the patient.
BEHAVIOUR-MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES
- Tell-show-do: This technique involves an explanation of what is about to happen, what type of instruments will be used, reasons for using those instruments (‘tell’ phase), followed by demonstration of the procedure (‘show’ phase), and the then carrying out the procedure (‘do’ phase). (3)
- Signaling: This is to allow the patient to communicate with dental professional during any stage of the treatment by means of previously-established signals with specific meanings. A signal can be as simple as a raised hand to notify the dental practitioner for break or unpleasant feelings. This increases the patient’s sense of control over the treatment and improves relationship of trust. (2)
- Positive reinforcement: This technique aims to reward any positive efforts made by the patient and thus strengthens recurrence of those behaviours. Encouraging phrases (using positive voice modulation), such as “thank you for helping me by sitting still in the chair and keeping your mouth wide open”, or physical manifestation, such as a smile or thumbs up, encourages the patient to collaborate during the treatment. (1,5)
- Relaxation breathing therapy: Slow, deep and steady breathing for 2-4 minutes provides more oxygen to the body, thus reducing the patient’s heart rate. Breathing relaxation is easy to perform, and can be adopted in the dental chair immediately before proceeding the treatment or at home. (3)
- Progressive muscle relaxation: Ask patient to focus on specific voluntary muscles and, in sequence, tense for 5-7 seconds and then relax for 20 seconds. As this sequence progresses, other aspects of the relaxation response also naturally occur. (5)
- Distraction: There is evidence that diverting the patient’s attention from what may be perceived as an unpleasant procedure to specific alternative visual or auditory stimuli in the dental clinic has shown to be effective. Several options are available for clinician, ranging from giving the patient short breaks during a stressful procedure, background music, television sets, and computer games. (1,2)
- Modelling: The patient’s behaviour can be altered through modelling. Modelling can be presented for viewing on televisions, computers or live by making the patient observe the behaviour of their siblings or family members or another patient in similar situation. This conditions the patient to exhibit positive behaviour. (2)
- Guided imagery/Hypnosis: This technique uses a direct, deliberate daydream to create a focused state of relaxation. For example, the patient, seated in the dental chair, is taught to develop a mental image or asked to use their imagination skills to develop a pleasant, tranquil experience. This continuously guides the patient’s attention to achieve relaxation. (1)
- Systemic desensitization: It is strongly recommended that the treatment should be planned in phases (systemic desensitization) with techniques that are the least fear-evoking, painful and traumatic.
- - Initial phase: Get the patient used to the clinical environment and encourage them to discuss their status of dental fear. Patient may not be ready to undergo any diagnostic procedures at this stage.
- - Early phase: Teach the patient relaxation techniques. The most commonly used relaxation techniques are, deep breathing and muscle relaxation.
- - Final phase: Gradually expose the patient to the treatment that is from the least to the most anxiety-provoking (from simple procedures to more extensive dental work).
COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
Dental fear often lead patient to cause unrealistic expectations about dental treatment, especially in children. Cognitive therapy aims to alter and restructure negative beliefs to reduce dental fear by enhancing the control of negative thoughts. “The process involves identifying the misinterpretations and catastrophic thoughts often associated with dental fear, challenging the patient’s evidence for them, and then replacing them with more realistic thoughts.” (2)
See also
Ref
There's a real problem with the refs in this article. It looks like the ==External links== section has the actual refs. The article just has a number. If you want to make this work, please put the ref in the article itself. So instead of <ref>16</ref>, the bit in the paragraph says <ref>(Whatever the name of the article is)</ref>. It should be a simple cut-and-paste job, except that there are 15 named refs, and 16 slots to put them in, so every ref needs to be verified by hand. WhatamIdoing (talk) 05:49, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
External links
Friend/partner removal
The sentence had been uncited since 2010 Feb, and it wasn't supported by the previous refs. While I totally agree that a dental phobic (dental feared? dentally feared? dental anxious?) person should bring someone who can restrain them from either running from the office or punching an aide or doctor, in this article the "advice" is completely uncited. 71.234.215.133 (talk) 05:21, 22 July 2010 (UTC)
Advice for student editors
Please review the following guidelines for writing medical content on Wikipedia:
Thank you. Lesion (talk) 07:09, 3 December 2013 (UTC)
Old page history
Some old page history that used to be at the title "Dental phobia" can now be found at Talk:Dental phobia/Old history. Graham87 13:03, 4 December 2013 (UTC)