Indian Slavery Act, 1843
| Indian Slavery Act, 1843 | |
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| Governor-General of India, Lord Ellenborough, in Council | |
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| Enacted by | Governor-General of India, Lord Ellenborough, in Council |
| Enacted | 7 April 1843 |
The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, also Act V of 1843, was an act passed in British India under East India Company rule, which outlawed many economic transactions associated with slavery.
The sale of any person as a slave was banned, and anyone buying or selling slaves would be booked under the Indian Penal Code, with offence carrying strict punishment.[1]
Implementation and effect
Some East India Company officials opposed the act, citing Hindu and Muslim customs,[2] who maintained the act would be seen as interference in traditional structures. Evangelical politicians who had led successful abolish slavery campaigns in West Indies prevailed and the Act was implemented.[2]
Historians are divided on whether the Act was able to exclude caste and slavery.[3] The condition of workers in tea plantations in Tamil Nadu and Assam was compared to that of African, West Indian counterparts who worked in sugar plantations. Lack of alternatives meant tea plantation workers had become indentured labourers despite the Act,[3] which historian Amalendu Guha maintained was a new form of slavery.[4]
A 1996 Human Rights Watch report refers to Manjari Dingwaney's book, Unredeemed Promises: The Law and Servitude, and states -
"Various forms of debt bondage coexisted with formal slavery, and while the British abolished slavery legislatively through the Anti-Slavery Act of 1843, large numbers of former slaves traded their status for that of perpetually bonded servitude. This was in part due to the fact that the British did not abolish debt-bondage; instead they regulated it."[5][6]
Text of the Act
- No public officer shall in execution of any decree or order of Court, or for the enforcement of any demand of rent or revenue, sell or cause to be sold any person, or the right to the compulsory labour or services of any person on the ground that such person is in a state of slavery.
- No rights arising out of an alleged property in the person and services of another as a slave shall be enforced by any Civil or Criminal Court or Magistrate within the territories of the East India Company.
- No person who may have acquired property by his own industry, or by the exercise of any art, calling or profession, or by inheritance, assignment, gift or bequest, shall be dispossessed of such property or prevented from taking possession thereof on the ground that such person or that the person from whom the property may have been derived was a slave.
- Any act which would be a penal offence if done to a free man, shall be equally an offence if done to any person on the pretext of his being in a condition of slavery.
See also
Notes
- ^ Maharajan, M. (2010-01-01). Mahatma Gandhi and the New Millennium. Discovery Publishing House. p. 50. ISBN 9788171416035.
- ^ a b Cassels, Nancy Gardner (2010-12-14). Social Legislation of the East India Company: Public Justice versus Public Instruction. SAGE Publications India. p. 173. ISBN 9788132106661.
- ^ a b Major, Andrea (2012-01-01). Slavery, Abolitionism and Empire in India, 1772-1843. Liverpool University Press. p. 222. ISBN 9781846317583.
- ^ Guha, Amalendu; Research, Indian Council of Historical (1977-01-01). Planter-raj to swaraj: freedom struggle and electoral politics in Assam, 1826-1947. Indian Council of Historical Research : distributor, People's Pub. House.
- ^ "India". www.hrw.org. ISBN 1-56432-172-X. Retrieved 2016-07-11.
- ^ Dingwaney, Manjari (1985). Unredeemed Promises: The Law and Servitude. pp. 312–313.
- ^ Agnew 1898, pp. 325–326
References
- Agnew, William Fischer (1898). The Indian penal code: and other acts of the Governor-general relating to offences, with notes. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, and Co. Retrieved 5 September 2011.