User:Kazaam13/sandbox

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This is place to practice clicking the "edit" button and practice adding references (via the citation button). Please see Help:My_sandbox or contact User_talk:JenOttawa with any questions.

Link: Project Homepage and Resources

• Note: Please use your sandbox to submit assignment # 3 by pasting it below. When uploading your improvements to the article talk page please share your exact proposed edit (not the full assignment 3).

• Talk Page Template: Wikipedia:CARL Medical Editing Initiative/Fall 2019/Talk Page Template

Bipolar I Disorder.

Assignment #2

Maaz Haq - 20162959

1.)    I went online to the Queen’s University Library Catalogue (QCAT), and searched for “DSM 5”. I narrowed my search to look only in the Bracken Health Sciences Library. I then went to the library, and found the book, confirming that it had the information within it that I needed.

2.)    I had initially searched for systematic reviews/meta-analyses from the PubMed database. After narrowing my search to look for specifically those articles which would be suitable for my sub-topic, I found 2 articles which I considered using:

i.    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365865

ii.    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23273610

3.)    I ultimately decided to utilize the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition (DSM-5) because it is considered the gold standard for psychiatric diagnoses. It provides the most recently accepted definitions of various mental disorders as decided upon by several experts in the field. The DSM-5 is the standard that is used to navigate mental disorders, and I felt it is therefore the best resource to use.

4.)  

a.    The DSM-5 is the most up-to-date manual in this field. While it is now 6 years old (2013), it is still the standard followed in North America.

b.    This source represents scientific consensus in the field of Mental Health, and utilizes leading experts in the field.

c.    Due to the fact that this is from the American Psychiatric Association, and not from an individual, or from a group with an obvious conflict-of-interest; the information in this manual is reasonably free of bias.

5.)    My objective for the Wikipedia article is to introduce an accurate, easy-to-read comparison between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder. This source outlines clear differences between the disorders, and overtly describes their distinguishing characteristics, and will therefore me of great use for me.

Assignment #3

Proposed Changes

Remove: "The difference with bipolar II disorder is that the latter requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode—only less severe hypomanic episode(s)."

Insert: "As previously mentioned, bipolar I disorder requires confirmation of only 1 full manic episode for diagnosis, but may be associated with hypomanic and depressive episodes as well. Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder however does not include a full manic episode; instead it requires the occurrence of both a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode."

Rationale for Proposed Change

These sentences are outlining the key differences between Bipolar I disorder and Bipolar II disorder. It is important to clearly outline what distinguishes these two conditions, as they have different requirements, prevalence, and outcomes, yet are often lumped into the general term “bipolar”. The Wikipedia article currently does attempt to outline the difference between the two, however utilizes a reference from 2005, and does not encompass all the major differences; for example, it makes no mention of major depressive disorder being a part of Bipolar II disorder. Thus to update the information, and make a more comprehensive comparison, I utilized the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5 (DSM-5). The DSM-5 is the gold standard for psychiatric diagnoses, and provides the most recently accepted definitions of various mental disorders as decided upon by international experts in the field. Pages 123-139 of the DSM-5 discuss Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder, and the information I have included is a concise version of the outlined major diagnostic differences. The information from sentence one can be found on page 126, and the information in sentence two is paraphrased from page 134.

I could not identify any controversy or varied opinion in regards to the information I provided. The distinguishing characteristics between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder diagnoses are widely agreed upon, at least through my own research.

Critique of Source

The DSM-5 is a comprehensive, up-to-date, and thorough amalgamation of diagnostic standards for mental health disorders. It was made by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), and supported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA). Thus it was executed with high standards for accuracy, revision, and validity.

As a practice guideline, the DSM-5 includes an explicit list of all the advisors and contributors, whom have been internationally selected as experts in their respective fields. They have organized the names of the key reviewers into groups outlining the specific field of psychiatry which they belong to. This is important in order to ensure transparency and accountability to all members involved.

Moreover, in the DSM-5, they decided to introduce a new vetting method, in which they would disclose all sources of income in order to avoid conflicts of interest by contributors. This is of course a great standard to hold the contributors to. However through further research, I found that the pharmaceutical industry is a large contributor, and this introduces a potential source of bias. Nearly 70% of DSM-5 task-members reported having ties with the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical companies manufacture the medications utilized to treat the various conditions found in the manual, and thus this is a conflict of interest.

Although there is potential bias as I have outlined above, it may be mitigated to some extent through the use of rigorous quality control measures. The APA included quality control at various stages throughout the development of the manual. Including but not limited to proposals for revisions, field trials, public/professional reviews, as well as expert reviews. Thus a single revision would not simply be added by an individual, rather it would be exhaustively critiqued.

Overall, while there are potential sources of bias, the DSM remains the gold standard for psychiatric diagnoses worldwide. While there are, as there always should be, several critiques of the process/method, it remains the authority in the field. As a result, the information found within it is the most qualified to be used, and does not impact my plan for the information.