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Template:List of great powers by date

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Imperial HRH2 (talk | contribs) at 16:03, 26 December 2019 (Undid revision 932528727 by Imperial HRH2 (talk) Will just redo a section for 2020 instead.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

1815 1878 1900 1919 1939 1945 c. 2000 c. 2010
 Austria[nb 1]  Austria-Hungary[nb 2]  Austria-Hungary[nb 3]
 British Empire[nb 4]  British Empire[nb 5]  British Empire[nb 6]  British Empire[nb 7]  United Kingdom[nb 9]  United Kingdom[nb 10]  United Kingdom[nb 11]  United Kingdom[nb 12]
 China[nb 13]  China[nb 14]  China[nb 15]
 France[nb 16]  France[nb 17]  France[nb 18]  France[nb 19]  France[nb 20]  France[nb 21]  France[nb 22]  France[nb 23]
 Prussia[nb 24]  Germany[nb 25]  Germany[nb 26]  Germany[nb 27]  Germany[nb 28]  Germany[nb 29]
 Italy[nb 30]  Italy[nb 31]  Italy[nb 32]  Italy[nb 33]  Italy[nb 34]  Italy[nb 35]
 Japan[nb 36]  Japan[nb 38]  Japan[nb 39]  Japan[nb 40]  Japan[nb 41]
 Russia[nb 42]  Russia[nb 43]  Russia[nb 44]  Soviet Union[nb 45]  Soviet Union[nb 46]  Russia[nb 47]  Russia[nb 48]
 United States[nb 49]  United States[nb 50]  United States[nb 51]  United States[nb 52]  United States[nb 53]  United States[nb 54]

Notes included with template

  1. ^ For Austria in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  2. ^ For Austria in 1880, see: [4]
  3. ^ For Austria in 1900, see: [5]
  4. ^ For the United Kingdom in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  5. ^ For the United Kingdom in 1880, see: [4]
  6. ^ For the United Kingdom in 19900, see: [5]
  7. ^ For the United Kingdom in 1919, see: [6]
  8. ^ After the Statute of Westminster came into effect in 1931, the United Kingdom no longer represented the British Empire in world affairs.
  9. ^ For the United Kingdom in 1938, see: [nb 8][7]
  10. ^ For the United Kingdom in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  11. ^ For the United Kingdom in 2000, see: [10][11][8][1][12][13][14][15][16][17]
  12. ^ For the United Kingdom in 2010, see: [10][11][8][1][15][18][16]
  13. ^ For China in 1946, see: [1][8]
  14. ^ For China in 2000, see: [1][8][11][15][19][20]
  15. ^ For China in 2010, see: [1][8][11][15][19][21]
  16. ^ For France in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  17. ^ For France in 1880, see: [4]
  18. ^ For France in 1900, see: [5]
  19. ^ For France in 1919, see: [6]
  20. ^ For France in 1938, see: [7]
  21. ^ For France in 1946, see: [1][8]
  22. ^ For France in 2000, see: [10][1][8][11][12][13][15]
  23. ^ For France in 2010, see: [10][1][8][11][15][18]
  24. ^ For Germany in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  25. ^ For Germany in 1880, see: [4]
  26. ^ For Germany in 1900, see: [5]
  27. ^ For Germany in 1938, see: [7]
  28. ^ For Germany in 2000, see: [10][1][11][12][13][15]
  29. ^ For Germany in 2010, see: [10][1][11][15][22][23]
  30. ^ For Italy in 1880, see: [24][25][26][27]
  31. ^ For Italy in 1900, see: [5]
  32. ^ For Italy in 1919, see: [6]
  33. ^ For Italy in 1938, see: [7]
  34. ^ For Italy in 2000, see: [10][12][13][28][29][30]
  35. ^ For Italy in 2010, see: [10][12][13][31][32][33]
  36. ^ For Japan in 1900, see: [5]
  37. ^ "The Prime Minister of Canada (during the Treaty of Versailles) said that there were 'only three major powers left in the world the United States, Britain and Japan' ... (but) The Great Powers could not be consistent. At the instance of Britain, Japan's ally, they gave Japan five delegates to the Peace Conference, just like themselves, but in the Supreme Council the Japanese were generally ignored or treated as something of a joke." from MacMillan, Margaret (2003). Paris 1919. United States of America: Random House Trade. p. 306. ISBN 0-375-76052-0.
  38. ^ For Japan in 1919, see: [6][nb 37]
  39. ^ For Japan in 1938, see: [7]
  40. ^ For Japan in 2000, see: [1][11][19][34][12][15]
  41. ^ For Japan in 2010, see: [1][11][19][34][15][35]
  42. ^ For Russia in 1815, see: [1][2][3]
  43. ^ For Russia in 1880, see: [4]
  44. ^ For Russia in 1900, see: [5]
  45. ^ For Russia in 1938, see: [7]
  46. ^ For Russia in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  47. ^ For Russia in 2000, see: [1][8][11][19][12][13][15]
  48. ^ For Russia in 2010, see: [1][8][11][19][15][36]
  49. ^ For the United States in 1900, see: [5]
  50. ^ For the United States in 1919, see: [6]
  51. ^ For the United States in 1938, see: [7]
  52. ^ For the United States in 1946, see: [1][8][9]
  53. ^ For the United States in 2000, see: [10][1][8][11][37][12][13][15]
  54. ^ For the United States in 2010, see: [10][1][8][11][37][12][13][15]

References included with template

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Great Powers". Encarta. MSN. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2008-12-20. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e Fueter, Eduard (1922). World history, 1815–1920. United States of America: Harcourt, Brace and Company. pp. 25–28, 36–44. ISBN 1584770775.
  3. ^ a b c d e Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), pp 27, 225–228 (PDF chapter downloads) (PDF copy).
  4. ^ a b c d e McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Dallin, David. The Rise of Russia in Asia.
  6. ^ a b c d e MacMillan, Margaret (2003). Paris 1919. United States of America: Random House Trade. pp. 36, 306, 431. ISBN 0-375-76052-0.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Harrison, M (2000) The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison, Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Louden, Robert (2007). The world we want. United States of America: Oxford University Press US. p. 187. ISBN 0195321375.
  9. ^ a b c The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union – Their Responsibility for Peace (1944), written by William T.R. Fox
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Canada Among Nations, 2004: Setting Priorities Straight. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 17 January 2005. p. 85. ISBN 0773528369. Retrieved 13 June 2016. ("The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers")
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n T. V. Paul; James J. Wirtz; Michel Fortmann (2005). Balance of Power. United States of America: State University of New York Press, 2005. pp. 59, 282. ISBN 0791464016. Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States p.59
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sterio, Milena (2013). The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. xii (preface). ISBN 0415668182. Retrieved 13 June 2016. ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Transforming Military Power since the Cold War: Britain, France, and the United States, 1991–2012. Cambridge University Press. 2013. p. 224. ISBN 1107471494. Retrieved 13 June 2016. (During the Kosovo War (1998) "...Contact Group consisting of six great powers (the United states, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy).")
  14. ^ McCourt, David (28 May 2014). Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472072218.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Baron, Joshua (22 January 2014). Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1137299487.
  16. ^ a b Chalmers, Malcolm (May 2015). "A Force for Order: Strategic Underpinnings of the Next NSS and SDSR" (PDF). Royal United Services Institute. Briefing Paper (SDSR 2015: Hard Choices Ahead): 2. While no longer a superpower (a position it lost in the 1940s), the UK remains much more than a 'middle power'.
  17. ^ Walker, William (22 September 2015). "Trident's Replacement and the Survival of the United Kingdom". International Institute for Strategic Studies, Global Politics and Strategy. 57 (5): 7–28. Retrieved 31 December 2015. Trident as a pillar of the transatlantic relationship and symbol of the UK's desire to remain a great power with global reach.
  18. ^ a b P. Shearman, M. Sussex, European Security After 9/11(Ashgate, 2004) - According to Shearman and Sussex, both the UK and France were great powers now reduced to middle power status.
  19. ^ a b c d e f UW Press: Korea's Future and the Great Powers
  20. ^ Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" The Washington Quarterly[dead link]
  21. ^ Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" The Washington Quarterly[dead link]
  22. ^ Otte M, Greve J (2000) A Rising Middle Power?: German Foreign Policy in Transformation, 1989-1999, St. Martin's Press
  23. ^ Sperling, James (2001). "Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe". British Journal of Political Science. 31 (2). doi:10.1017/S0007123401000151.
  24. ^ Kennedy, Paul (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. United States of America: Random House. p. 204. ISBN 0-394-54674-1.
  25. ^ Best, Antony; Hanhimäki, Jussi; Maiolo, Joseph; Schulze, Kirsten (2008). International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond. United States of America: Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 0415438969.
  26. ^ Wight, Martin (2002). Power Politics. United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 46. ISBN 0826461743.
  27. ^ Waltz, Kenneth (1979). Theory of International Politics. United States of America: McGraw-Hill. p. 162. ISBN 0-07-554852-6.
  28. ^ "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
  29. ^ Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
  30. ^ Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6.
  31. ^ "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
  32. ^ Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
  33. ^ Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6.
  34. ^ a b Richard N. Haass, "Asia's overlooked Great Power", Project Syndicate April 20, 2007.
  35. ^ Robert W. Cox, 'Middlepowermanship, Japan, and Future World Order, International Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1989), pp. 823-862.
  36. ^ Neumann, Iver B. (2008). "Russia as a great power, 1815–2007". Journal of International Relations and Development. 11: 128–151 [p. 128]. doi:10.1057/jird.2008.7. As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully fledged great power.
  37. ^ a b "Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era". Retrieved 2007-02-28.
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