Vivian Rubianti
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Comment: IMDb and YouTube are not reliable sources. Theroadislong (talk) 12:28, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar | |
|---|---|
| Born | Khan Hok Hian January 1st, 1944 |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Other names | Iwan Robyanto Iskandar |
| Known for | First trans person in Indonesia to obtain legal recognition of gender |
| Notable work | Akulah Vivian - film (1977) |
Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar (middle name also spelt Rubianti[1] and Rubianty[2]) is the first trans person legally recognised by the Indonesian courts as their acquired gender.[3]
Born on January 1st, 1944, to Khan Kiam Lee and Auw Roontji Nio, Vivian was assigned male, the name Khan Hok Hian, and Chinese citizenship at birth. Owing to the Sino-Indonesian Dual Nationality Treaty, she changed her name to Iwan Robyanto Iskandar and renounced her Chinese nationality in favour of being Indonesian. She owned a beauty salon in Kebayoran Baru called Robby Remaja ("Robby the Revitaliser"), and a number of her apprentices would go on to become household names in the Indonesian beauty industry (e.g. Rudy Hadisuwarno).[3]
In January 1973, Vivian underwent gender confirmation surgery in a Singaporean hospital.[4] Afterwards, she returned to Indonesia and applied to the West Jakarta District Court for a legal change of gender. This is despite the fact that there had theretofore been no Indonesian law concerning legal changes of gender. Her attorney, Adnan Buyung Nasution of Jakarta Legal Aid, argued the absence of such a law did not restrict her right to seek this redress.[3]
A notable expert witness in her case was noted theologian and reverend Eka Darmaputera, who argued that "according to the Christian faith, God [wanted] human beings to be happy in their [lives]";[5] in pursuance of that, Darmaputera threw the support of the Christian church behind her. The Islamic scholar Dr. Buya Hamka also testified in support of Vivian, saying that "[her desire to transition] does not run contrary to Allah's law, but in keeping with the teachings of Islam, which holds good will to all in high esteem".[2]
As a result, the presiding judge granted Vivian's petition, and she was legally recognised by the Indonesian state as female.
In 1975, she married Felix Rumayar in Jakarta, solemnised under the rites of the Catholic Church[4], and gave up on her salon - taking up employment as a sales girl for Viva Cosmetics in Jogjakarta[6]. Her marriage to Rumayar eventually failed, and she elected to immigrate to Australia.[3] A movie based on her life, Akulah Vivian (I Am Vivian), was released in 1977, starring herself.[4] Murtagh (2013)[4], in his analysis of the movie, argues that Vivian did not see herself as part of the Waria community, instead understanding herself to firmly fall on one side of a male-female gender binary.
Vivian's case has become a landmark one in Indonesian jurisprudence, being cited in similar future decisions as regards a legal change of gender.[7][8]
References
- ^ Munir, Maimunah. "Challenging the New Order's Gender Ideology in Benjamin Sueb's Betty Bencong Slebor: A Queer Reading" (PDF). Plaridel Journal.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Rajagukguk, Erman. "Hakim Indonesia Mengesahkan Penggantian dan Penyempurnaan Kelamin" (PDF). Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d "Viva Vivian!". Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
- ^ a b c d Murtagh, Ben (2013-09-23). Genders and Sexualities in Indonesian Cinema: Constructing gay, lesbi and waria identities on screen. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-09751-6.
- ^ Suryadinata, Leo (2012). Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume I & II. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-981-4345-21-7.
- ^ Tempomedia (1974-01-05). "Demonstrasi kosmetik viva". Tempo. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
- ^ Biky, Ahmad,. Rentang jejak LBH Jakarta : kisah-kisah penanganan kasus. Isnur, Muhamad, 1984-, Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (Jakarta, Indonesia), (Cetakan ke-1 ed.). Menteng, Jakarta, Indonesia. ISBN 978-602-73451-1-9. OCLC 1040074423.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Abdi, Alfian Putra. "Putusan Soal Ubah Status Kelamin Dinilai Tak Majukan HAM LGBT". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-01-11.
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