Applied linguistics

Applied linguistics is the branch of linguistics concerned with using linguistic theory to address real-world problems. It has been traditionally dominated by the fields of language education and second language acquisition (SLA). There is a recurrent tension between those who regard the field as limited to the study of language learning, and those who see it as encompassing all applications of linguistic theory. Both definitions are widely used. The current field is a cross-disciplinary mix of departments primarily from linguistics, anthropology, psychology, and education.

The field of applied linguistics first for parent concerned itself with second language acquisition, in particular errors and contrastive analysis, in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1970s, with the failure of contrastive analysis as a theory to predict errors, applied linguists began to adopt Noam Chomsky's theory of universal grammar to explain second language (L2) learning phenomena. In the 1990s, more and more researchers began to employ research methods from cognitive psychology.

Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis have played an increasingly important roles within the field, and sociocultural theory has emerged as a competitor to traditional cognitive psychological models of language acquisition. Further controversy over the connection between society, language & mind orients to whether applied linguistics should concern itself with the political ramifications of linguistics. One outcome of this debate has resulted in the formation of Critical Applied Linguistics, which is considered either a separate discipline or an offshoot of applied linguistics proper.

The first university department and postgraduate course in the subject was established at the University of Edinburgh in 1958. The first international conference was held in 1964, and saw the foundation of the discipline’s international association l’Association Internationale de la Linguistique Appliquée (AILA). The British Association for the discipline (BAAL) was founded in 1965 and the American Association (AAAL) ten years later. The main journal Applied Linguistics was launched in 1980. Major journals include Applied Linguistics, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, The Journal of Applied Linguistics,Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Modern Language Review, Language Learning, , AILA Journal, and the TESOL Quarterly.

Further reading

• Cook, Guy (2003) 'Applied Linguistics' (in the series Oxford Introduction to Language Study) Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Cook, Guy , and Seidlhofer, Barbara eds. (1995) 'Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Cook, V. (2001). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. London: Hodder Arnold.
• Corder, S. P. (1973) 'Introducing Applied Linguistics'. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
• Davies, Alan. (1999) 'An Introduction to Applied Linguistics' Edinburgh University Press.
• Johnson, K., and Johnson, H. eds. (1998) 'The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics' Oxford: Blackwell.
• McCarthy, Michael. (2001) 'Issues in Applied Linguistics'Cambridge University Press.
• Mitchell, R. and Myles, F. (2006). Second Language Learning Theories. London: Hodder Arnold. 2nd edition.
• Pennycook, Alastair. (2001) 'Critical applied linguistics: a critical introduction' London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Schmitt, Norbert. (2002) 'An Introduction to Applied Linguistics' London: Arnold.
• White, L. (1989) 'Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar, Cambridge: MA.
• Widdowson, H.G. (1979) 'Explorations in Applied Linguistics' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Widdowson, H.G. (1984) 'Explorations in Applied Linguistics 2' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Widdowson, H. G. (2003 'Defining Issues in English Language Teaching' Oxford: Oxford University Press.

External links

• Applied Linguistics homepage
• Second Language Acquisition Topics by Vivian Cook: information on applied linguistics, language teaching research and SLA, including a large bibliography.
• American Association for Applied Linguistics homepage
• Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquée homepage
• Association Canadienne de Linguistique Appliquée / Canadian Association of Applied Linguistic homepage
• Center for Applied Linguistics homepage
• British Association for Applied Linguistics homepage