Malay gamelan
 A Malay gamelan performance in Malaysia | |
| Other names | Gamelan Melayu |
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| Classification | |
| Developed | Malaysia[1][2] |
| More articles or information | |
| Gamelan ensemble | |
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| Stylistic origins | Music of Malaysia |
| Cultural origins | Malaysia[3] |
| Typical instruments | bonang, Gambang, Saron perkin, Saron kecil, Saron besar, Kenong, gongs, Gendang, Slentem |
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| Music of Malaysia | ||||||
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| Nationalistic and patriotic songs | ||||||
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The Malay gamelan (Malay: gamelan Melayu; Jawi: ݢاميلن ملايو) which exists today only in Malaysia (particularly in Pahang, Terengganu and Johor) is basically from royal passed down through heritage. The Malay gamelan has developed an identity that is distinct from the Javanese, Balinese and Sundanese gamelan. According to the Kamus Dewan, gamelan is a set of musical instruments derived from several types of hammered instruments, such as saron, bonang, gambang, gong and others.[4]
History
Gamelan is one of the classical Malay musical ensembles. This classical Malay music was first performed at the Johor palace in Riau-Lingga in the 17th century. In 1811, it was first performed in public in the royal town of Pekan, Pahang, accompanied by the classical Joget Pahang during the wedding ceremony of Tengku Hussain, the son of Sultan Abdul Rahman who ruled Riau-Lingga, with Wan Esah, the younger sister of Bendahara Ali from Pahang. In Pahang, Malay gamelan and Joget Pahang was maintained with royal patronage. Malay gamelan was then introduced in Terengganu after Tengku Mariam, a princess of Pahang, married Tengku Sulaiman, the prince of Sultan Zainal Abidin from Terengganu. By 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition completely disappeared in Indonesia from the abolition of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate, but flourished in Pahang, and then in Terengganu. In Terengganu, the name Joget Gamelan is used to replace the name Joget Pahang, which was commonly used in Pahang at that time.[5] While in Terengganu, the current form of Malay gamelan and Joget Gamelan took formed.[6] The Malay gamelan was first brought to Kuala Lumpur in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.[7]
In Daik, where the musical ensemble is believed to be originated, only four bonangs that can be found, and currently stored in Museum Linggam Cahaya, Komplek Istana Damnah. According to the manager of the Museum, the four bonangs were found by the villagers of Kerandin kecamatan Lingga Timur and were buried in the ground and then handed over to the Museum. Even though Malay gamelan has long disappeared in Indonesia, due to the sense of responsibility as a nationalist citizen and the jealousy of its development in Malaysia, interest in reviving the Malay Gamelan has gotten stronger in Indonesia.[8]
Instruments
Based on the classical royal gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of these basic instruments:[9]
- Keromong, also known as bonang (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
- Gambang, (a wooden xylophone)
- Saron perkin, (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than saron kecil)
- Saron kecil, also known as saron barung (a set of metallophones)
- Saron besar, also known as saron demung (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than saron kecil)
- Kenong, (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
- A pair of hanging gongs, (which are gong kecil and gong besar)
- Gendang, (a barrel drum)
One instrument was added later into Malay gamelan:
- Slentem, (similar to saron but larger)
Joget Gamelan
 Dancers performing a Joget Gamelan dance | |
| Instrument(s) | Malay gamelan |
|---|---|
| Origin | Malaysia |
| Malay gamelan |
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| Burma |
| Cambodia |
| Indonesia |
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| Laos |
| Malaysia |
| Philippines |
| Thailand |
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| Vietnam |
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The classical Malay Joget Gamelan always tells a hidden story. The classical Malay song of Timang Burung tells the story of Hikayat Panji Semirang, a romantic Javanese tale of Raden Galuh Chendera Kirana and Raden Inu Karpati. According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of gamelan songs and 60 types of dances. This classical dance is performed exclusively by female dancers and can be staged internally or openly. Javanese elements can be seen in terms of the art of dance. In aesthetics, this dance is very beautiful and is a form of dance that is the richest in terms of its type in the most traditional Malay dance.
Besides Panji stories, Malay gamelan songs are also inspired by the classical Malay Hikayat Seri Rama. Among popular songs and dances are such as Topeng, Timang Burung, Ayak-ayak, Perang Manggong, Perang Besar, Nongga, Kunang-kunang Mabuk, Gambuh Menyanyi, Lambang Sari, Ulit Seri Rama, Togok, Kilas Dayung , Seri Rama Balik, Kendung Gajah Mati, Tongkang Masuk, Ketawang, Gambuh (Turun Gambang), Ketam Renjong and Perang Seri Rama[10]
See also
References
- ^ "The Malay Gamelan". themalaygamelan. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Carian Umum - Gamelan". prpm.dbp.gov.my (in Malay). Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ^ "Sanggar Seni Gamelan". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf
- ^ http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/6465/1/yiing_siing.pdf
- ^ "Menabuh Gamelan Melayu". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ https://www.hmetro.com.my/nuansa/2019/04/440348/memartabatkan-gamelan
- ^ http://www.jkkn.gov.my/ms/gema-warisan-gamelan-melayu
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