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Erythranthe grandis

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Erythranthe grandis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Phrymaceae
Genus: Erythranthe
Species:
E. grandis
Binomial name
Erythranthe grandis
Flowering Erythranthe grandis along the Monterey Bay, CA
Flowering Erythranthe grandis in Pacific Grove, CA.

Erythranthe grandis is the species[1] name of the Magnificent Seep Monkeyflower.

Description

Erythranthe grandis is a coastal perennial species closely related to E. guttata. It has prostrate growth habit, with many lateral branches (stolons), but the flowering inflorescences can become quite elongated in some populations. Many biological researchers still refer to this species as a coastal perennial ecotype of Mimulus guttatus[2][3], as it is completely inter-fertile with other inland annual and perennial populations[4]. E. grandis has evolved a higher level of salt tolerance than other related inland populations of E. guttata.[5]

More complete description from Nesom 2012[6]:

"Perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at lower nodes. Stems, pedicels, calyces, and distal leaves densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous (hairs usually crinkly) and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, less commonly sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent vestiture. Stems erect, sometimes decumbent at the very base, (25–)50–120(–160) cm, usually fistulose (succulent-thickened and hollow). Leaves: basal and lower cauline petiolate, blades ovate to broadly elliptic, 25–60 x 20–40(–60) mm, margins crenulate to dentate, proximally sometimes sublyrate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate or truncate-cuneate to subcordate, petioles 10–80 mm, gradually reduced in size distally and becoming subsessile to sessile, bracteate in the inflorescence. Flowers 8–26, usually in bracteate racemes. Fruiting pedicels 10–35 mm. Fruiting calyces 15–22(–25) mm, 10–14 mm wide (pressed), closing, straight or nodding ca. 45o–100o. Corollas yellow, red-dotted within, tube-throats (14–)16–24 mm, long-exserted from calyx, limb broadly expanded. Styles hirtellous. Herkogamous; anther pairs at different levels, stigma above upper anther pair. Capsules 8–12 mm, stipitate, included. 2n = 28.

Chromosome vouchers. California. Monterey Co.: Pacific Grove, Vickery 5001, voucher for n = 14 (UT). San Mateo Co.: Piscadero, 30 ft, Clausen 2083, voucher for n = 14 (UT).

Range

Coastal areas from southern California to Cape Disappointment in southern Washington State.

Habitat

Generally found in coastal seeps, cliff, dunes, marshes, roadside ditches, or headland with high levels of soil moisture.

Ecology

Etymology

Taxonomy

From Nesom 2012[6]:

"ERYTHRANTHE GRANDIS (Greene) Nesom, Phytoneuron 2012-40: 43. 2012. Mimulus grandis (Greene) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 110. 1904. Mimulus langsdorffii var. grandis (Greene) Greene, J. Bot. (Brit. & Foreign) 33: 7: 1895. Mimulus guttatus var. grandis Greene, Man. Bot. San Francisco Bay, 277. 1894. LECTOTYPE (designated here): USA. California. [Solano Co.:] Rocky hills 5 mi E from Vallejo, 10 Apr 1874, E.L. Greene s.n. (ND-Greene! photo-PH!). No type was cited in 1894 protologue, which noted only 'a conspicuous perennial of stream banks and some boggy places among the hills near the Bay.' Another collection of type material at ND-Greene is this: [Alameda Co.:] Berkeley, 20 Aug 1887, E.L. Greene s.n.; the label has handwritten "Mimulus grandis Greene." The label for the Solano County collection has "Mimulus luteus grandis" in Greene's handwriting."

References

  1. ^ "Magnificent Seep Monkeyflower (Erythranthe grandis)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
  2. ^ Lowry, David B.; Rockwood, R. Cotton; Willis, John H. (2008). "Ecological Reproductive Isolation of Coast and Inland Races of Mimulus Guttatus". Evolution. 62 (9): 2196–2214. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00457.x. ISSN 1558-5646.
  3. ^ Lowry, David B.; Sobel, James M.; Angert, Amy L.; Ashman, Tia-Lynn; Baker, Robert L.; Blackman, Benjamin K.; Brandvain, Yaniv; Byers, Kelsey J. R. P.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Coughlan, Jennifer M.; Dudash, Michele R. (2019). "The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers". TAXON. 68 (4): 617–623. doi:10.1002/tax.12122. ISSN 1996-8175.
  4. ^ Lowry, David B.; Willis, John H. (2010-09-28). "A Widespread Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism Contributes to a Major Life-History Transition, Local Adaptation, and Reproductive Isolation". PLOS Biology. 8 (9): e1000500. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000500. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 2946948. PMID 20927411.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Lowry, David B.; Hall, Megan C.; Salt, David E.; Willis, John H. (August 2009). "Genetic and physiological basis of adaptive salt tolerance divergence between coastal and inland Mimulus guttatus". New Phytologist. 183 (3): 776–788. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02901.x.
  6. ^ a b Nesom, Guy. "TAXONOMY OF ERYTHRANTHE SECT. SIMIOLA (PHRYMACEAE) IN THE USA AND MEXICO". Phytoneuron. 40: 1–123.


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