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Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'UNII_Ref', 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (
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{{short description|Chemical compound of bismuth and hydrogen}}
{{chembox
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
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| verifiedrevid = 405221754
| Watchedfields = changed
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| ImageFileL1 = Bismuthine-2D-IR-MMW-dimensions.png
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| verifiedrevid = 423004241
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| ImageSizeL1 = 130px
| Name =
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| ImageFileR1 = Bismuthine-3D-sticks.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageFile =
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| ImageFile1 = Bismuthine-2D-IR-MMW-dimensions.png
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| IUPACName = bismuthane
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| ImageSize1 = 130px
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| OtherNames = bismuth trihydride <br> hydrogen [[bismuthide]]
| ImageName1 = Skeletal formula of bismuthine
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| ImageFile2 = File:Bismuthine-3D-vdW.png
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| CASNo = 18288-22-7
| PubChem = 9242
| ImageSize2 = 110px
| ImageName2 = Spacefill model of bismuthine
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| SMILES =
| ImageCaption2 = {{legend|9e4fb5|Bismuth, Bi}}{{legend|white|Hydrogen, H}}
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| IUPACName = bismuthane
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| OtherNames = bismuth trihydride <br> hydrogen bismuthide <br> bismine <br> trihydridobismuth
| SystematicName =
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
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| CASNo = 18288-22-7
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = OCH2V0Z37N
| PubChem = 9242
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 8886
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| SMILES = [BiH3]
| InChI = 1/Bi.3H/rBiH3/h1H3
| InChIKey = BPBOBPIKWGUSQG-PVKOQVOWAF
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Bi.3H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BPBOBPIKWGUSQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = BiH<sub>3</sub>
| Formula = BiH<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 212.00 g/mol
| MolarMass = 212.00 g/mol
| Appearance = colourless gas
| Appearance = colourless gas
| Density = 0.008665 g/mL (20 °C)
| Density = 0.008665 g/mL (20 °C)
| MeltingPt =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt = 16.8 °C (extrapolated)
| BoilingPtC = 16.8
| BoilingPt_notes = (extrapolated)
| Solubility =
| Solubility =
| ConjugateAcid = Bismuthonium
}}
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = trigonal pyramidal
| MolShape = trigonal pyramidal
}}
}}
| Section4 =
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| Section9 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| Section5 =
| FlashPt =
| Section6 =
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Autoignition =
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
}}
| Section10 = {{Chembox Related
| Section9 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherFunctn = [[Ammonia]]<br>[[Phosphine]]<br>[[Arsine]]<br>[[Stibine]]
| OtherFunction = [[Ammonia]]<br>[[Phosphine]]<br>[[Arsine]]<br>[[Stibine]]
| Function = [[hydrides]]
| OtherFunction_label = [[hydrides]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''Bismuthine''' (IUPAC name: '''bismuthane''') is the [[chemical compound]] with the formula BiH<sub>3</sub>. As the heaviest analogue of [[ammonia]], BiH<sub>3</sub> is unstable, decomposing to [[bismuth]] metal well below 0 °C. This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H-Bi-H angles of around 90°.<ref name="Jerzembeck">{{ cite journal | journal = Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.| year = 2002 | volume = 41 | issue = 14 | pages = 2550–2552 | title = Bismuthine BiH<sub>3</sub>: Fact or Fiction? High-Resolution Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Ab Initio Studies | author = W. Jerzembeck, H. Bürger, L. Constantin, L. Margulès, J. Demaison, J. Breidung, W. Thiel | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/96516335/abstract | doi = 10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2550::AID-ANIE2550>3.0.CO;2-B }}</ref>
'''Bismuthine''' (IUPAC name: '''bismuthane''') is the [[chemical compound]] with the formula [[Bismuth|Bi]][[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>3</sub>. As the heaviest analogue of [[ammonia]] (a [[pnictogen hydride]]), BiH<sub>3</sub> is unstable, decomposing to [[bismuth]] metal well below 0&nbsp;°C. This compound adopts the expected pyramidal structure with H–Bi–H angles of around 90°.<ref name="Jerzembeck">{{ cite journal | journal = Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.| year = 2002 | volume = 41 | issue = 14 | pages = 2550–2552 | title = Bismuthine BiH<sub>3</sub>: Fact or Fiction? High-Resolution Infrared, Millimeter-Wave, and Ab Initio Studies |author1=W. Jerzembeck |author2=H. Bürger |author3=L. Constantin |author4=L. Margulès |author5=J. Demaison |author6=J. Breidung |author7=W. Thiel | url = http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/96516335/abstract | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130105102945/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/96516335/abstract | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2013-01-05 | doi = 10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2550::AID-ANIE2550>3.0.CO;2-B | pmid = 12203530 | url-access = subscription }}</ref>


The term ''bismuthine'' may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth(III) species having the general formula {{chem|BiR|3}}, where R is an organic substituent. For example, Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is ''trimethylbismuthine''.
The term ''bismuthine'' may also refer to a member of the family of organobismuth(III) species having the general formula {{chem|BiR|3}}, where R is an organic substituent. For example, Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is ''trimethylbismuthine''.


==Preparation and properties==
==Preparation and properties==
BiH<sub>3</sub> is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine (BiH<sub>2</sub>Me):<ref name=Holl>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref>
BiH<sub>3</sub> is prepared by the redistribution of methylbismuthine (BiH<sub>2</sub>Me):<ref name=Holl>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001.{{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref>
:3 BiH<sub>2</sub>Me → 2 BiH<sub>3</sub> + BiMe<sub>3</sub>
:3 BiH<sub>2</sub>Me → 2 BiH<sub>3</sub> + BiMe<sub>3</sub>
The required BiH<sub>2</sub>Me, which is also thermally unstable, is generated by reduction of methylbismuth dichloride, BiCl<sub>2</sub>Me with [[Lithium aluminium hydride|LiAlH<sub>4</sub>]].<ref name="Jerzembeck" />
The required BiH<sub>2</sub>Me, which is also thermally unstable, is generated by reduction of [[methylbismuth dichloride]], BiCl<sub>2</sub>Me with [[Lithium aluminium hydride|LiAlH<sub>4</sub>]].<ref name="Jerzembeck" />


As suggested by the behavior of [[stibine|SbH<sub>3</sub>]], BiH<sub>3</sub> is unstable with respect to its elements. The gas decomposes according to the following equation:
As suggested by the behavior of [[stibine|SbH<sub>3</sub>]], BiH<sub>3</sub> is unstable and decomposes to its constituent elements according to the following equation:
:2 BiH<sub>3</sub> → 3 H<sub>2</sub> + 2 Bi (ΔH<sub>f</sub>'<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub> = −278 kJ/mol)
:2 BiH<sub>3</sub> → 3 H<sub>2</sub> + 2 Bi {{pad|4em}}(Δ''H''{{su|b=f|p=<s>o</s>}}(gas) = −278 kJ/mol)


The methodology used for detection of arsenic ("[[Marsh test]]") can also be used to detect BiH<sub>3</sub>. This test relies on the thermal decomposition of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of metallic As, Sb, and Bi. These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics: As dissolves in [[hypochlorite|NaOCl]], Sb dissolves in [[polysulfide|ammonium polysulfide]], and Bi resists both reagents.<ref name=Holl/>
The methodology used for detection of [[arsenic]] ("[[Marsh test]]") can also be used to detect BiH<sub>3</sub>. This test relies on the [[thermal decomposition]] of these trihydrides to the metallic mirrors of reduced As, Sb, and Bi. These deposits can be further distinguished by their distinctive solubility characteristics: arsenic dissolves in [[sodium hypochlorite|NaOCl]], antimony dissolves in [[polysulfide|ammonium polysulfide]], and bismuth resists both reagents.<ref name=Holl/>


==Uses and safety considerations==
==Uses and safety considerations==
The low stability of BiH<sub>3</sub> poses significant hazards and precludes technical applications, except as an intermediary product.
The low stability of BiH<sub>3</sub> precludes significant health effects, it decomposes rapidly well below room temperature.


==References==
==References==
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{{Bismuth compounds}}
{{Bismuth compounds}}
{{Hydrides by group}}

==External links==


[[Category:Bismuth compounds]]
[[Category:Bismuth compounds]]
[[Category:Metal hydrides]]
[[Category:Metal hydrides]]

[[de:Bismutan]]
[[nl:Bismutine]]
[[ja:ビスムチン]]
[[pl:Bizmutowodór]]
[[ru:Висмутин (газ)]]
[[simple:Bismuthine]]
[[zh:䏟]]
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