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the symbol to express support for the invasion. Z with diacritics: Ź ź Ẑ ẑ Ž ž Ż ż Ẓ ẓ Ẕ ẕ Ƶ ƶ ᵶ Ᶎ ᶎ Ⱬ ⱬ ß : German letter regarded as a ligature of long...

A unit of measurement, or unit of measure, is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard...

Generation Z (often shortened to Gen Z), also known as Zoomers, is the demographic cohort succeeding Millennials and preceding Generation Alpha. Researchers...

Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), known professionally as Jay-Z, is an American rapper and entrepreneur. Born and raised in New York City, he...

into bankruptcy within two years. Z-scores are used to predict corporate defaults and an easy-to-calculate control measure for the financial distress status...

{then} \;\rho (Z+a)=\rho (Z)-a} Monotone I f Z 1 , Z 2 ∈ L a n d Z 1 ≤ Z 2 , t h e n ρ ( Z 2 ) ≤ ρ ( Z 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {If} \;Z_{1},Z_{2}\in {\mathcal...

complete measure (or, more precisely, a complete measure space) is a measure space in which every subset of every null set is measurable (having measure zero)...

under the model's Z 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}} symmetry. An example of the Markov property can be seen in the Gibbs measure of the Ising model...

In mathematical analysis, the Haar measure assigns an "invariant volume" to subsets of locally compact topological groups, consequently defining an integral...

[ z 0 , … , z n ] ) = [ z 0 d , … , z n d ] . {\displaystyle f([z_{0},\ldots ,z_{n}])=[z_{0}^{d},\ldots ,z_{n}^{d}].} Then the equilibrium measure μ f...

therefore not a measure of dispersion in the above sense, the entropy of a continuous variable is location invariant and additive in scale: If H ( z ) {\displaystyle...

In mathematics, the Mahler measure M ( p ) {\displaystyle M(p)} of a polynomial p ( z ) {\displaystyle p(z)} with complex coefficients is defined as M...

The Z-factor is a measure of statistical effect size. It has been proposed for use in high-throughput screening (HTS), where it is also known as Z-prime...

action on the circle given by T t ( z ) = e 2 i π t z {\displaystyle T_{t}(z)=e^{2i\pi t}z} is ergodic for Lebesgue measure. An example with infinitely many...

) := { z ∈ X | d ( x , z ) < r } . {\displaystyle \mathbf {B} _{r}(x):=\{z\in X|d(x,z)<r\}.} As it turns out, uniformly distributed measures are very...

d_{L}(z)=(1+z)d_{M}(z)} Light-travel distance: d T ( z ) = d H ∫ 0 z d z ′ ( 1 + z ′ ) E ( z ′ ) {\displaystyle d_{T}(z)=d_{H}\int _{0}^{z}{\frac {dz'}{(1+z')E(z')}}}...

{\displaystyle \mu } is an invariant measure for a sequence of random variables ( Z t ) t ≥ 0 {\displaystyle \left(Z_{t}\right)_{t\geq 0}} (perhaps a Markov...

Z 1 , Z 2 ∈ L a n d Z 1 ≤ Z 2 a . s . , t h e n ϱ ( Z 1 ) ≥ ϱ ( Z 2 ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {If} \;Z_{1},Z_{2}\in {\mathcal {L}}\;\mathrm {and} \;Z_{1}\leq...

In mathematics (specifically in measure theory), a Radon measure, named after Johann Radon, is a measure on the σ-algebra of Borel sets of a Hausdorff...

example, Z / n Z ^ = Z / n Z ,   Z ^ = T ,   R ^ = R ,   T ^ = Z . {\displaystyle {\widehat {\mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} }}=\mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} ,\ {\widehat...