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A Lewis acid (named for the American physical chemist Gilbert N. Lewis) is a chemical species that contains an empty orbital which is capable of accepting...

In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common...

Mechoulam R (1985). "Boron trifluoride etherate on alumuna – a modified Lewis acid reagent. An improved synthesis of cannabidiol". Tetrahedron Letters...

nucleic acid – Synthetic nucleic acid analogues "deoxyribonucleic acid". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff...

nitrogenous base. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is...

Pentetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl...

acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver. Bile acids...

Sialic acids are a class of alpha-keto acid sugars with a nine-carbon backbone. The term "sialic acid" (from Greek σίαλον (síalon) 'saliva') was first...

the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. The first genetically modified animal, a mouse, was...

applications, Lewis acidic scandium salts have also proven effective catalysts. Aromatic rings are acetylated by acetic anhydride. Usually acid catalysts...

example, the formation of many nylons requires equal amounts of a dicarboxylic acid and diamine. In the case of addition polymerizations, the comonomer content...

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) (or γ-hydroxybutyric acid), also known as 4-hydroxybutanoic acid is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a depressant...

biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the breakdown of proteins by catabolism. The steps of protein...

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. A polypeptide is a longer, continuous, unbranched peptide chain. Polypeptides that have...

the deprotonation of acids, K is known as Ka, the acid dissociation constant. Strong acids, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, have large dissociation...

carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH)...

groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been also developed, which can afford high...

deposition chambers. It can act as a fluoride ion donor or acceptor (Lewis base or acid), although it does not dissociate appreciably into ClF+ 2 and ClF−...

In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted ⁠ K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} ⁠) is a...

second step is the addition of fatty acids to the backbone to make phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid is further modified with the attachment of different...