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  • Thumbnail for Lander (spacecraft)
    A lander is a spacecraft that descends towards, then comes to rest on the surface of an astronomical body other than Earth.[page needed] In contrast to...
    33 KB (3,603 words) - 07:42, 15 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mars 96
    Mars 96 (category Spacecraft launched in 1996)
    of each Surface Station was one year. Each penetrator consisted of two major structures: the forebody and the afterbody. When the penetrator struck the...
    25 KB (3,425 words) - 11:11, 14 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cassini–Huygens
    immediately realized that the surface of Phoebe looks different from asteroids visited by spacecraft. Parts of the heavily cratered surface look very bright in...
    130 KB (12,095 words) - 18:17, 15 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Atmospheric entry
    and land near a specific destination on the surface at zero velocity while keeping stresses on the spacecraft and any passengers within acceptable limits...
    111 KB (13,071 words) - 07:44, 26 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Philae (spacecraft)
    was a robotic European Space Agency lander that accompanied the Rosetta spacecraft until it separated to land on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, ten years...
    103 KB (8,352 words) - 18:41, 1 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Hayabusa
    Earth aboard the spacecraft on 13 June 2010. The spacecraft also carried a detachable minilander, MINERVA, which failed to reach the surface. NASA's Galileo...
    66 KB (6,678 words) - 16:39, 30 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mars Surveyor '98
    Polar Lander also carried two surface-penetrator probes for the New Millennium Program's Deep Space 2 mission. Both spacecraft were launched in 1998 and both...
    4 KB (431 words) - 16:54, 8 January 2021
  • Thumbnail for Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby
    Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (category Cancelled spacecraft)
    of spacecraft, CRAF was to closely examine a comet during a part of its orbit around the Sun. It was to launch a heavily instrumented penetrator/lander...
    13 KB (1,543 words) - 16:34, 26 August 2024
  • Lithobraking (category Spacecraft propulsion)
    whimsical "crash landing" euphemism used by spacecraft engineers to refer to a spacecraft impacting the surface of a planet or moon. The word was coined...
    7 KB (751 words) - 02:05, 2 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for List of missions to Mars
    aerostat and small landers or penetrators followed by flybys of 1 Ceres or 4 Vesta and some other asteroids with impact of penetrator on the one of them. Mars...
    71 KB (3,297 words) - 21:59, 8 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ablation
    heat is carried away from the spacecraft by the gases generated by the ablative process, and never penetrates the surface material, so the metallic and...
    23 KB (2,943 words) - 12:32, 17 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Apollo 17
    Apollo 17 (category Spacecraft launched in 1972)
    distance from a spacecraft during an extravehicular activity of any type (7.6 kilometers or 4.7 miles), longest time on the lunar surface (75 hours), longest...
    117 KB (13,017 words) - 13:21, 13 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Apollo 11
    Apollo 11 (category Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets)
    patch of ground and maneuvered the spacecraft towards it. As he got closer, now 250 feet (76 m) above the surface, he discovered his new landing site...
    187 KB (19,718 words) - 01:42, 15 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for IMAGE (spacecraft)
    December 2005 during its extended mission and was declared lost. The spacecraft was part of NASA's Sun-Earth Connections Program, and its data has been...
    37 KB (4,542 words) - 00:27, 7 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
    Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (category Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets)
    craters and further evidence that water once flowed on the surface on Mars. The spacecraft continues to operate at Mars, far beyond its intended design...
    102 KB (9,013 words) - 09:19, 6 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Europa Clipper
    probe in development by NASA. Planned for launch on 10 October 2024, the spacecraft is being developed to study the Galilean moon Europa through a series...
    98 KB (9,153 words) - 18:14, 14 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Hypervelocity
    formed penetrator. The vaporization upon impact and liquification of surfaces allow metal projectiles formed under hypervelocity forces to penetrate vehicle...
    7 KB (656 words) - 09:28, 27 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Deep Space 2
    Deep Space 2 (category Derelict landers (spacecraft))
    reach the Earth's South Pole. Intended to be the first spacecraft to penetrate below the surface of another planet, after entering the Mars atmosphere...
    22 KB (2,101 words) - 02:58, 31 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Solar wind
    ultimately passing within 0.04 astronomical units of the Sun's surface. It is the first NASA spacecraft named for a living person, and Parker, at age 91, was on...
    55 KB (6,593 words) - 20:25, 8 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Apollo 16
    Apollo 16 (category Spacecraft launched in 1972)
    the lunar surface. The decision to bring Apollo 16 home early after there were difficulties with the main engine meant that the spacecraft did not go...
    102 KB (11,732 words) - 23:25, 18 August 2024
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