1996 Western North America blackouts
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The 1996 Western North America blackouts were two widespread power outages that occurred across Western Canada, the Western United States, and Northwest Mexico on July 2 and August 10, 1996. They were spread 6 weeks apart and were thought to be similarly caused by over-demand during a hot summer.
Though affecting millions, the blackouts were for the most part just an inconvenience, and not emergencies. On both occasions planes continued to take-off and land, and power was restored within a few minutes or hours.
The blackouts raised concerns about the then-recent debates about deregulating electricity utilities.[1]
July 2 blackout
On July 2, 1996, a voltage instability resulted from the loss of steady state equilibrium conditions, caused by reactive power deficiency in the Idaho area.[2] The power failure affected parts of Alberta and British Columbia in Canada, western Mexico, as well as Idaho, Montana, Utah, New Mexico, California, and Arizona, affecting more than two million people.[3] Most power was restored in an hour or two.
President Bill Clinton directed the United States Department of Energy to investigate the reasons for the widespread power outage and whether it could have been prevented.
August 10 blackout
On August 10, 1996, the western electric grid experienced another massive blackout.[4]
This power outage affected customers in seven western U.S. states, two Canadian provinces, and Baja California, Mexico. Approximately 7.5 million customers lost power for periods ranging from several minutes to six hours. The outage stretched from Canada to New Mexico and knocked out power to 4 million customers amid a triple-digit heat wave.
At 3:42 p.m., a power line sagged into filbert trees near Hillsboro, Oregon, just southwest of Portland. It was the fourth power line in Oregon to fail in less than two hours. Five minutes later, at 3:47 p.m., a line shorted out in Vancouver, Washington, across the Columbia River from the Portland/Hillsboro area. At 3:48 p.m., the 13 turbines at McNary Dam, on the Columbia about 190 miles upstream from Portland, tripped off line.[5] Inadequate tree-trimming practices, operating studies, and instructions to dispatchers played a significant role in the severity of this disturbance.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Golden, Tim (1996-08-19). "May Be Caution Sign on Road to Utility Deregulation". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
- ^
Venkatasubramanian, Vaithianathan; Yuan, Li (August 22–27, 2004). Analysis of 1996 Western American Electric Blackouts (PDF). Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VI. Cortina d’Ampezzo, Italy. pp. 685–721. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Goldberg, Carey (1996-07-03). "Freakish Blackout in the West Affects More Than a Million". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
- ^ Venkatasubramanian, Mani V. (2003-08-20). "Analyzing Blackout Events: Experience from the Major Western Blackouts in 1996" (PDF). Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC). Retrieved 2014-01-26.
- ^ "Blackout of 1996". Retrieved 2009-04-07.
- ^ "1997 Outage News". Retrieved 2009-04-07.