2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters: Difference between revisions

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The list includes B'Tselem as well as HRW according to source.
rv. Source does not state that militants shot from the places which were attacked. It particularly distinguishes between the three cases in which rockets were found (empty) and the rest.
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Overall, there were seven incidents of UNRWA schools used as shelters which were hit by Israeli shells.<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser/> Of these three ([[#Beit_Hanoun_Elementary_Co-ed_School_A_.26_D|Beit Hanoun]], [[#Jabalia_Elementary_Girls_School_A_.26_B|Jabaliya]] and [[#Rafah_Preparatory_A_Boys_School|Rafah]]) resulted in numerous civilian casualties.<ref name=reutersHRW/><ref name=HRWInvestigation>{{cite news|title=Israel: In-Depth Look at Gaza School Attacks|url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/11/israel-depth-look-gaza-school-attacks|work=Human Rights Watch|date=11 September 2014|quote=Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties}}</ref> The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice),<ref name="No27">[http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/47d4e277b48d9d3685256ddc00612265/68a77da9833c91cf85257d2a0067b495?OpenDocument Gaza Situation Report 27] United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-shelling-school-gaza-sheltering-civilians-and-calls ''UNRWA strongly condemns shelling of a school in Gaza sheltering civilians and calls for an investigation'']. UNRWA, 22 July 2014</ref><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22 /><ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/wrap-847187289 |title=Gaza's humanitarian situation worsens as Egypt continues Rafah stranglehold |publisher=Middle East Eye |date=22 July 2014 |accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Deir El Balah<ref name="No27"/> and Zaitoun.<ref name="No27"/>
Overall, there were seven incidents of UNRWA schools used as shelters which were hit by Israeli shells.<ref name=guardianUNRWAcloser/> Of these three ([[#Beit_Hanoun_Elementary_Co-ed_School_A_.26_D|Beit Hanoun]], [[#Jabalia_Elementary_Girls_School_A_.26_B|Jabaliya]] and [[#Rafah_Preparatory_A_Boys_School|Rafah]]) resulted in numerous civilian casualties.<ref name=reutersHRW/><ref name=HRWInvestigation>{{cite news|title=Israel: In-Depth Look at Gaza School Attacks|url=http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/09/11/israel-depth-look-gaza-school-attacks|work=Human Rights Watch|date=11 September 2014|quote=Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties}}</ref> The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice),<ref name="No27">[http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/47d4e277b48d9d3685256ddc00612265/68a77da9833c91cf85257d2a0067b495?OpenDocument Gaza Situation Report 27] United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014</ref><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22>[http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-shelling-school-gaza-sheltering-civilians-and-calls ''UNRWA strongly condemns shelling of a school in Gaza sheltering civilians and calls for an investigation'']. UNRWA, 22 July 2014</ref><ref name=UNRWA_2014-07-22 /><ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/wrap-847187289 |title=Gaza's humanitarian situation worsens as Egypt continues Rafah stranglehold |publisher=Middle East Eye |date=22 July 2014 |accessdate=2 August 2014}}</ref> Deir El Balah<ref name="No27"/> and Zaitoun.<ref name="No27"/>


On three separate occasions, Palestinian rockets were found to have been stored in UNRWA schools – on July 16, July 22, and July 29.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry">[http://blog.unwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/Board-of-.pdf Summary of the report of the United Nations Headquarters Board of Inquiry], by the Secretary-General</ref><ref name="UNRWA"/><ref name="unrwa.org"/><ref name="By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Maayan Lubell"/><ref name="ReferenceA">http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-condemns-placement-rockets-second-time-one-its-schools</ref> UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises".<ref>{{cite news|title=UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school|accessdate=13 September 2014|work=UNRWA|date=17 July 2014}}</ref> Further UN Inquiry report acknowledged that the documented facilities were used by Palestinian militants and probably shoot from and that armed fighters were shooting at Israel in the vicinity of many of the places that were attacked. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon added his dismay that Palestinian militant groups would put United Nations schools at risk.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry"/><ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/UNs-Secretary-General-Palestinian-militants-put-UN-schools-at-risk-during-Gaza-war-399342 UN Secretary General: Palestinian militants put UN schools at risk during Gaza war],Jerusalem post</ref>
On three separate occasions, Palestinian rockets were found to have been stored in UNRWA schools – on July 16, July 22, and July 29.<ref name="UN-Board-Inquiry">[http://blog.unwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/Board-of-.pdf Summary of the report of the United Nations Headquarters Board of Inquiry], by the Secretary-General</ref><ref name="UNRWA"/><ref name="unrwa.org"/><ref name="By Nidal al-Mughrabi and Maayan Lubell"/><ref name="ReferenceA">http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-condemns-placement-rockets-second-time-one-its-schools</ref> UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises" by the groups responsible.<ref>{{cite news|title=UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School|url=http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-strongly-condemns-placement-rockets-school|accessdate=13 September 2014|work=UNRWA|date=17 July 2014}}</ref>


UN High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Navi Pillay]] said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.<ref name=AP_war_crimes>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-conflict-israel-hamas-both-committing-war-crimes-un-official-says-1.2723446 ''Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says''] Associated Press, 31 July 2014</ref>
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights [[Navi Pillay]] said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.<ref name=AP_war_crimes>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gaza-conflict-israel-hamas-both-committing-war-crimes-un-official-says-1.2723446 ''Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says''] Associated Press, 31 July 2014</ref>

Revision as of 10:15, 4 May 2015

UNRWA school being used as shelter, July 2014

The 2014 Israeli shelling of UNRWA Gaza shelters were seven shellings at UNRWA facilities in the Gaza Strip which took place between 21 July and 3 August 2014 during the Israeli-Gaza conflict. At the time of the shellings the UNRWA facilities were being used as shelters for Palestinians and as a result of the shellings at least 46 civilians, including 10 UN staff died. All of the incidents were the result of artillery, mortar or aerial missile fire which struck on or near the UNRWA schools. During the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, many Palestinians fled their homes after warnings by Israel or due to air strikes or fighting in the area. During the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict an estimated 200,000 people (10% of Gaza's population) took shelter in UNRWA schools. During the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict an estimated 200,000 people (10% of Gaza's population) took shelter in UNRWA schools.

On 16 July,[1] 22 July[2] and on 29 July, UNRWA announced that rockets had been found in their schools.[3] UNRWA denounced the groups responsible for "flagrant violations of the neutrality of its premises". All of these schools were vacant at the time when rockets were discovered; no rockets were found in any shelters which were shelled. The IDF stated that "Hamas chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel’s best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities."[4]

The attacks were condemned by members of the UN (UNRWA's parent organization) and other governments, such as the U.S., have expressed "extreme concern" over the safety of Palestinian civilians who "are not safe in UN-designated shelters."[4] The Rafah shelling in particular was widely criticized, with Ban-Ki Moon calling it a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and US State Department calling it "appalling" and "disgraceful". UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes. A Human Rights Watch investigation into three of the incidents concluded that Israel committed war crimes because two of the shellings "did not appear to target a military objective or were otherwise indiscriminate", while the third Rafah shelling was "unlawfully disproportionate".[5] On April 27, 2015, the United Nations released an inquiry which concluded that Israel was responsible for the deaths of at least 44 Palestinians who died in the shelling.[6]

Background

File:Israeli phosphorus-shelling school 2009.jpeg
A United Nations school, Beit Lahiya, was targeted by Israeli forces with white phosphorus on 17 January 2009, which lead to deaths and injuries[7][8]

Since the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza, Palestinian groups in Gaza have launched rockets into Israel as part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, including the blockade of the Gaza Strip.[citation needed] Through the years, Israel has accused Hamas of launching rockets at Israeli civilians from schools, residential buildings, mosques and hospitals in the Gaza Strip. Hamas is accused of using civilians as a human shield.[9] Israel asserts that it does not attack civilians and tries to avoid civilian casualties,[9] for example by phone messages and dropping leaflets, or by using the technique of roof knocking to warn citizens to evacuate their homes. However, this can also have the effect of worsening the situation, when many of these people have nowhere to go, forcing them into crowded schools used as shelters.[10] Israel has justified attacks on civilian objects in Gaza to stop the Palestinian rocket attacks and accepts as inevitable that there will be civilian casualties when it strikes targets like Hamas members in their houses, or offices, or mosques.[9]

Israel has had an strained relationship with the United Nations. During the 2008–09 Gaza War, Israel shelled several schools.[8][11][12] Among them were the Boys School in Beit Lahiya,[13][14] the Asma Elementary School in Gaza City,[15] the al-Fakhura school in Jabalia[12] and a school in Khan Younis,[16] which were run by the United Nations and were shelters for displaced persons.[17] In one incident of a shelling on a UN warehouse also being used as a shelter, white phosphorus was used.[8][11][18]

In 2014, within the Gaza Strip there were more than 80 schools[19] of the 252[20] run by the UNWRA. In addition, over 5,000 homes have been destroyed and 30,000 other damaged by the IDF.[21] A total of 460,000 Palestinians have been displaced due to these factors, since the beginning of the current conflict.[22] A projected 200,000 Palestinian civilians (10% of Gaza's population) have sought shelter in the schools, since they do not have alternative options.[23]

Overview

Overall, there were seven incidents of UNRWA schools used as shelters which were hit by Israeli shells.[4] Of these three (Beit Hanoun, Jabaliya and Rafah) resulted in numerous civilian casualties.[5][24] The other schools which were shelled include ones in Maghazi (hit twice),[25][26][26][27] Deir El Balah[25] and Zaitoun.[25]

On three separate occasions, Palestinian rockets were found to have been stored in UNRWA schools – on July 16, July 22, and July 29.[28][1][2][3][29] UNRWA denounced the actions as "flagrant violations of the inviolability of its premises" by the groups responsible.[30]

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay said on 31 July 2014 that both Hamas militants and Israel might have committed war crimes.[31]

Israel said on November 20, 2014 that it would cooperate with a UN investigation established by U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon because it was "an authentic investigation with potential for us to improve our performance in the course of conflict and learn from our mistakes."[32]

According to an investigation by Human Rights Watch, "Three Israeli attacks that damaged Gaza schools housing displaced people caused numerous civilian casualties in violation of the laws of war".[5] It also criticized Palestinian militant groups for three unrelated cases where rockets were found in vacant UNRWA schools and Israel for occupying one UN school for military purposes.[24]

The IDF stated that "Hamas chooses where these battles are conducted and, despite Israel’s best efforts to prevent civilian casualties, Hamas is ultimately responsible for the tragic loss of civilian life. Specifically in the case of UN facilities, it is important to note the repeated abuse of UN facilities by Hamas, namely with at least three cases of munitions storage within such facilities."[4] Israel has criticized the UNHRC as biased and announced its own investigation into one incident (Beit Hanoun). Human rights groups have expressed skepticism, with Human Rights Watch, stating "Israel has a long record of failing to undertake credible investigations into alleged war crimes"[5] and B'Tselem refusing to participate in the investigations.[33]

Schools attacked

Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D

During the 2014 conflict, the area surrounding the Beit Hanoun school was particularly dangerous and, as hostilities intensified, the entire area was exposed to fierce combat. The school was designated as a shelter on 18 July and was hit by indirect artillery fire on 24 July.[28]

During the three or four days leading to the incident Israel's Coordination and Liaison Administration (CLA) have issued multiple warnings indicating that, rockets were being fired from and around the school and that it needed to be evacuated. During the following days, the situation around the school worsened, and at least on one occasion shrapnel and gunfire hit the school. The ICRC attempted to evacuate the school, but approximately 450 people of the residents refused to leave. (from the 2,000 to 4,000 who had been there earlier).[28]

On the day of the incident, the remaining residents attempted to evacuate when the school was hit by indirect artillery fires, resulting in 11 being killed, including seven children, two women,[34] and one UN staff member.[35] Additionally, 110 were wounded, including 55 children and 31 women.[36]

A senior Israel military officer initially stated that the school shelling could have been caused by Israeli forces.[37] Several other Gaza rockets have landed in Beit Hanoun and the IDF had not ruled out one of these rockets landing on the school.[38] Gaza authorities however said that the school was shelled by Israeli forces.[39]

The IDF on 27 July announced that they had concluded their investigation into the UNRWA deaths. They stated that one IDF mortar bomb had landed in a courtyard of the school but caused no injuries, and that the damage that caused the casualties was not caused by the IDF and UNRWA confirmed rockets fired by Hamas landed in the area.[40] The UN stated that they will be conducting their own investigation as well.[41]

UNRWA rejected the IDF's account, and stated that the initial shell that struck the school was followed by several others within minutes.[42] UNRWA's preliminary investigation indicated that the school was shelled by the Israel Defense Forces.[25]

Reporters who visited the school shortly after the attack said that the damage and debris that they observed was consistent with mortar rounds.[42]

According to the Human Rights Watch investigation, the school was hit four times in short succession, and that the Israeli account was "implausible". It concluded that Israeli shells hit the schools. Regarding an Israeli statement that it asked ICRC to help evacuate the facility, but "Hamas prevented civilians from evacuating the area during the window that the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] gave them", Human Rights Watch stated that it found no evidence that Hamas had prevented anyone from leaving. The ICRC stated that it received no request from Israel to evacuate.[24]

Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B

At 4:40 on the morning of 29 July, the UNRWA Elementary Girls School in Jabalia was shelled[43][44][45] resulting in the deaths of 21 people and more than 100 people being wounded.[4] IDF officials acknowledged that five tank shells hit the school when soldiers responded to Mortar fire from the vicinity of the school.[46] The IDF stated that Palestinian militants were firing about 200 yards away.[4][47] A journalist from the New York Times who visited Jalabi days after the incident stated that no one they had interviewed had seen "Palestinian fighters or Israeli soldiers in the area... and there were no bullet holes or empty casings suggesting close clashes [in the area]."[48] The UNRWA stated that Israel had been informed 17 times of the shelter's location, in order to avoid it.[44]

According to the Human Rights Watch Investigation, "at least one shell apparently hit the roof of a classroom on the second floor where women and children were sleeping. Another shell hit the courtyard." It stated that Israel provided no evidence or information to suggest militants were operating in the area and that it "has not explained why, even if it were responding to militants’ mortar fire, it used a weapon as indiscriminate as a high-explosive heavy-artillery shell so near to a UN school housing displaced people."[24]

Rafah Preparatory A Boys School

The school is located in the densely populated city of Rafah, in the southern tip of the Gaza Strip. On the day of the incident it was sheltering approx. 2,700 to 2,900 persons.[28] Between 10:40 and 10:45 of 3 August, a precision-guided missile, launched from the air by the IDF, struck the road outside the school, five to six meters from the school gate. Fifteen persons who were in the vicinity of the gate at the time were killed.[28]

The Palestine Red Crescent Society announced that the attack occurred while people were in line to get food from aid workers.[49] Robert Turner, director of operations for the U.N. Palestinian refugee agency in Gaza, said the strike killed at least one UN staffer.[50] The attack was denounced by the UN secretary general Ban Ki-moon as a "moral outrage" and "criminal act", and condemned by the US State Department as disgraceful.[51][52][52][53][54]

The Government of Israel stated to the UN Board of Inquiry that an examination of the incident was being undertaken at the request of the Military Advocate General (MAG). The IDF had fired an aerial-launched missile at the motorcycle, which had been carrying three militants from Palestinian Islamic Jihad. By the time that it became apparent that the strike would coincide with the motorcycle passing by the school gate, it had no longer been possible to divert the missile.[28] The UN Board of Inquiry confirmed that the missile had been directed at a motorcycle carrying three individuals.[28]

Table

# School Date Killed Wounded Place
1 Maghazi Preparatory Girls School A & B 21 July 2014[25][26] Maghazi Camp
2 Maghazi Preparatory Girls School A & B 22 July 2014[26] – 1[26] Maghazi Camp
3 Deir El Balah Preparatory Girls School C 23 July 2014[25] – 5[55] Deir al-Balah[55]
4 Beit Hanoun Elementary Co-ed School A & D 24 July 2014 15[56] 200[57] Beit Hanoun
5 Zaitoun Preparatory Girls School B 29 July 2014.[25] Zeitoun
6 Jabalia Elementary Girls School A & B 29 July 2014[43][44] 15[58]-20[59] 100+[58][60][61] Jabalia Camp
7 Rafah Preparatory A Boys School[62] 3 August 2014 at least 10[63] 35[64] Rafah
Total 46+ civilians, 10+ UN staff members 341+ civilians

Reactions

  •  UN – Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of United Nations, during the events of 2014, he condemned the Jubalia Camp incident at the school, describing it as "unjustifiable".[65] After the 29 July incident, he pointed out that the precise location of this school had been communicated to the Israeli military authorities 17 times. He said: "Nothing is more shameful than attacking sleeping children"[66] Ban Ki-moon described the attack on Rafah school as a "moral outrage and a criminal act" and called for those responsible for the "gross violation of international humanitarian law" to be held accountable.[67]

Following the 2015 release of a UN Board of Inquiry probe into events of 2014. Ban Ki-Moon added that he is "dismayed that Palestinian militant groups would put United Nations schools at risk by using them to hide their arms" noting the "fact that schools were used by those involved in the fighting to store their weaponry and, in two cases, probably to fire from is unacceptable."[28]

    •  UNRWA - Pierre Krähenbühl, Commissioner-General of the UNRWA, said: "Our shelters are overflowing. Tens of thousands may soon be stranded in the streets of Gaza, without food, water and shelter if attacks on these areas continue."[68] "We have moved beyond what humanitarian action alone can deal with. This is now the time for political action. It is the time for accountability," he said. Krähenbühl described the Jubalia Camp incident as "probably one of the most tragic protection failures that the international community has witnessed." Asked to explain the scale of the civilian suffering to an Arab news station, UNRWA spokesman Chris Gunness simply burst into tears. "We have reached breaking point; our staff are being killed, our shelters overflowing", he adds.[69]
  •  USA - A White House spokesman, said: "We are extremely concerned that thousands of internally displaced Palestinians who have been called on by the Israeli military to evacuate their homes are not safe in UN-designated shelters in Gaza." They continued by condemning "those responsible for hiding weapons in United Nations facilities in Gaza."[70] US State Department said in a statement that the US is "appalled" by the "disgraceful shelling" outside the school in Rafah and urged Israel to do more to avoid civilian casualties.[67]
  •  France - Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned Israeli military attack that rocked a United Nations school in Jubalia in Gaza's biggest refugee camp.[71]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School" (Press release). UNRWA. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Condemns Placement of Rockets, for a Second Time, in One of Its Schools". UNRWA. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  3. ^ a b Nidal al-Mughrabi and Maayan Lubell (29 July 2014). "Carnage at U.N. school as Israel pounds Gaza Strip". Reuters. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Gaza crisis: a closer look at Israeli strikes on UNRWA schools, Raya Jalabi, Tom McCarthy, Nadja Popovich, 8 August 2014, The Guardian Cite error: The named reference "guardianUNRWAcloser" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c d "Human Rights Watch accuses Israel of war crimes in Gaza". Jerusalem. Reuters. 11 September 2014.
  6. ^ Westcott (27 April 2015). "United Nations: Israel Responsible for Deaths at Gaza Schools". Newsweek. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  7. ^ Rain of Fire Human Rights Watch
  8. ^ a b c Hadi, Ahmed (23 July 2014). "Gaza: Displaced Palestinians forced to leave UNRWA schools". Al-Akhbar English.
  9. ^ a b c Israel Says That Hamas Uses Civilian Shields, Reviving Debate. ANNE BARNARD and JODI RUDOREN, New York Times, 23 July 2014
  10. ^ "Israeli military's 'knock on roof' warnings criticized". CNN.com. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  11. ^ a b Sherwood, Harriet (4 August 2014). "UN dragged into conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza". The Guardian.
  12. ^ a b Mullen, Jethro (31 July 2014). "In Gaza, safe havens appear to be anything but safe". CNN.
  13. ^ UN school attacked; civilians left to bleed to death. Al Mezan Center For Human Rights, 17 January 2009
  14. ^ Gaza crisis: key maps and timeline. BBC, 18 January 2009
  15. ^ Gaza's day of carnage - 40 dead as Israelis bomb two UN schools. Chris McGreal and Hazem Balousha, The Guardian, 7 January 2009,
  16. ^ IDF: Mortars fired from bombed school. Ynet, 6 January 2009
  17. ^ Israel OK's Gaza "Humanitarian Corridor" CBS News
  18. ^ "'It is a human catastrophe in Gaza' – UNRWA spokesperson". Russia Today. 31 July 2014. In fighting in Gaza in 2007-2009 we took direct hits with white phosphorus and on one occasion our main compound in Gaza City was hit and our largest warehouse servicing all of the Gaza Strip was hit with white phosphorus and burned to the ground.
  19. ^ "Israeli fire kills nineteen in Gaza UN school - Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  20. ^ "Where We Work". UNRWA. 25 November 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  21. ^ "5235 Gaza homes destroyed by Israel | MidEast". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
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  23. ^ "'World stands disgraced': 20 killed in Israeli UN school shelling — RT News". Rt.com. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
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  25. ^ a b c d e f g Gaza Situation Report 27 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014
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  27. ^ "Gaza's humanitarian situation worsens as Egypt continues Rafah stranglehold". Middle East Eye. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h Summary of the report of the United Nations Headquarters Board of Inquiry, by the Secretary-General
  29. ^ http://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/unrwa-condemns-placement-rockets-second-time-one-its-schools
  30. ^ "UNRWA Strongly Condemns Placement of Rockets in School". UNRWA. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  31. ^ Gaza conflict: Israel, Hamas both committing war crimes, UN official says Associated Press, 31 July 2014
  32. ^ al-Mughrabi, Nidal (20 November 2014). "Israel to cooperate with U.N. Gaza war inquiry". Reuters. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  33. ^ Kershner, Isabel (10 September 2014). "Israel, Facing Criticism, to Investigate Possible Military Misconduct in Gaza". New York Times. Tel Aviv.
  34. ^ "Palestinian Center for Human Rights". Pchrgaza.org. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  35. ^ "UN school in Gaza caught in cross-fire; 15 killed". US News. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  36. ^ "BBC News - Gaza UN school shelter hit, 'killing 13'". Bbc.com. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  37. ^ "Israel's 'errant fire could have caused school shelling' - ITV News". Itv.com. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  38. ^ Arens, Moshe (24 July 2014). "Source of deadly attack on Gaza UNRWA school remains unclear - Diplomacy and Defense Israel News". Haaretz. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  39. ^ Reuters  — By IBRAHIM BARZAK and PETER ENAV (24 July 2014). "UN School In Gaza Hit By Shells, At Least 15 Dead (UPDATED)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2 August 2014. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ "Israel Says Deaths in UNRWA School Were Not Caused by Israeli Fire | Jewish & Israel News". Algemeiner.com. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  41. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/07/27/world/meast/mideast-crisis/
  42. ^ a b Sherwood, Harriet; Balousha, Hazem (31 July 2014). "'The world stands disgraced' – Israeli shelling of school kills at least 15". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  43. ^ a b UNRWA Strongly Condemns Israeli Shelling of Its School in Gaza as a Serious Violation of International Law. UNRWA, 30 July 2014
  44. ^ a b c No Sanctuary in Gaza. UNWRA, 5 August 2014
  45. ^ Gaza situation report 22. UNWRA, 30 July 2014
  46. ^ http://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Rockets-found-at-UNRWA-school-for-third-time-369358
  47. ^ New York Times, Questions of Weapons and Warnings in Past Barrage on a Gaza Shelter, By BEN HUBBARD and JODI RUDOREN 3 August 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/international-scrutiny-after-israeli-barrage-strike-in-jabaliya-where-united-nations-school-shelters-palestinians-in-gaza.html?_r=1
  48. ^ New York Times, Questions of Weapons and Warnings in Past Barrage on a Gaza Shelter, By BEN HUBBARD and JODI RUDORENAUG. 3, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/04/world/middleeast/international-scrutiny-after-israeli-barrage-strike-in-jabaliya-where-united-nations-school-shelters-palestinians-in-gaza.html?_r=1
  49. ^ Gaza militant leader dies in strike Press Association. 4 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014
  50. ^ Israel withdraws most troops from Gaza Associated Press
  51. ^ "BBC News - Gaza crisis: Rafah school strike 'criminal' - UN chief". bbc.com. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  52. ^ a b "US 'appalled' by 'disgraceful' Israeli shelling of Gaza UN school | World news | theguardian.com". theguardian.com. Retrieved 12 August 2014. Cite error: The named reference "theguardian2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  53. ^ "State Department Condemns 'Disgraceful' Shelling Of U.N. School In Gaza". huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  54. ^ "UNRWA Condemns Israeli Strike Next to UNRWA School Killing Civilians | UNRWA". unrwa.org. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  55. ^ a b Gaza crisis: UN claims Israel did not allow evacuation from shelter before strikes - as it happened The Guardian. 24 July 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014
  56. ^ ‘Appalled’ by attack on UN-run school in Gaza, Ban urges halt to all fighting United Nations News Centre
  57. ^ 15 killed as Israel bombs UN school in Gaza, three shot dead at West Bank protest RTÉ.ie
  58. ^ a b Israeli airstrike on Gaza market kills 17 and injures more than 150 shortly after four-hour ceasefire was declared, 30 July 2014, Daily Mail
  59. ^ United Nations secretary general rips Israel for attacking school that sheltered Gaza refugees, killing 20 New York Daily News
  60. ^ Israeli shells hit second UN school sheltering Gaza refugees Aljazeera
  61. ^ UN: 'world stands disgraced' as shelter for Gaza children is shelled by Israel, 30 July 2014, The Guardian
  62. ^ Ban ki-Moon declares Israeli attack on UN school ‘a criminal act’ The Independent. 3 August 2014. Accessed 7 August 2014
  63. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJ_2014-08-04 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  64. ^ UN Chief: Attack At School In Gaza 'Criminal Act' WBUR-FM
  65. ^ U.S., U.N. slam Israel over Gaza school attack Al Arabiya
  66. ^ US and UN condemn school shelling BBC
  67. ^ a b al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Williams, Dan (3 August 2014). "Censured over shelter deaths, Israel declares seven-hour Gaza truce". Reuters. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  68. ^ Israel-Gaza conflict - live The Daily Telegraph
  69. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Browning, Noah (31 July 2014). "Under fire and out of cash, U.N. overwhelmed by Gaza crisis". Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  70. ^ U.S. condemns shelling of U.N. school in Gaza Washington Times
  71. ^ France condemns Israeli shelling on UN school in Gaza Xinhua

External links

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