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{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Clarice Phelps|timestamp=20190204071841|year=2019|month=February|day=4|substed=yes|help=off}}
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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Clarice E. Phelps
| name = Clarice Phelps
⚫
| alma_mater = [[Tennessee State University]]
| image = Oakridge clarice phelps interview.jpg
⚫
| workplaces = [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] <br> [[University of Texas at Austin]] <br> [[United States Navy]]
| caption = At Oak Ridge in 2018
| birth_name = Clarice E. Salone
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| workplaces = [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]]
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| education = [[Tennessee State University]] (BS, 2003)
| fields = [[nuclear chemistry]]<br/>[[nuclear engineering]]<br/>[[nuclear transmutation]]<br/>[[transuranic elements]]<br/>[[nuclear power]]<br/>[[nuclear reactors]]<br/>[[thermodynamics]]
| module = {{Infobox military person
|embed = yes
| allegiance = {{flag|United States}}
| branch = {{flag|United States Navy}}
| unit = Navy Nuclear Power Program
|serviceyears = 2004–2008}}
}}
}}


'''Clarice E. Phelps''' (née Salone) is an American nuclear chemist at the [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] and formerly a US Navy Officer in the Navy Nuclear Power Program. She was part of the team that discovered element 117, [[tennessine]]. At Oak Ridge, Phelps works as a program manager for industrial use isotopes, and as a researcher studying the processing of [[radioactive]] "super heavy" [[transuranic]] elements, such as [[plutonium-238]] used to fuel [[NASA]]'s [[deep space exploration]] missions, and [[californium-252]] used to treat certain types of cancer.
'''Clarice E. Phelps''' (née Salone) is an American nuclear chemist at the [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] and formerly a [[US Navy officer rank insignia|US Navy Officer]] in the Navy Nuclear Power Program. She was part of the team that discovered Element 117, [[tennessine]]. At the [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] Phelps works as a project manager for industrial use isotopes. She investigates the processing of radioactive transuranic elements, such as [[plutonium-238]] used to fuel NASA's deep space exploration missions, and [[californium-252]] used in fission fragment studies.


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Phelps‘s interest in science began as a child when her mother gave her a microscope set and encyclopaedia based science kit, and was nurtured by her secondary school science teachers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/news/clarice-phelps-dedicated-service-science-and-community|title=Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stemmagazine.com/gFslro19/0B3D5E18379AC1ABAEA3276CAB61D6A4/gFEB19%20final.pdf|title=STEM Magazine|last=|first=|date=|website=STEM Magazine|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> She is an alumna of the ''Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group'' (TAP), a nonprofit youth organisation for at-risk youth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf|title=Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group|last=|first=|date=|website=Tennessee Aquatic Project|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> Phelps earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from [[Tennessee State University]] in 2003.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tnstate.edu/library/documents/2003%20Spring%20Commencement.pdf|title=Spring Commencement Exercise|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> She is completing a master's degree by distance learning [[University of Texas at Austin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nuclear.engr.utexas.edu/current-students/our-students/68-ms-students/277-clarice-phelps|title=Clarice Phelps|website=nuclear.engr.utexas.edu|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>

Phelps‘s interest in science began as a child when her mother gave her a microscope set and encyclopedia-based science kit, and was nurtured by her secondary school science teachers.<ref name=Simoneau>{{Cite news| last = Simoneau| first = Sean| title = Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community| work = Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2018-12-17| url = https://www.ornl.gov/news/clarice-phelps-dedicated-service-science-and-community}}</ref> She is an alumna of the Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group (TAP), a nonprofit youth organization for at-risk youth.<ref name=TAP>{{Cite web|title=Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group|website=Tennessee Aquatic Projectand Development Group|url=http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf|access-date=2019-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201030618/http://www.tennesseeaquaticproject.org/TAP%20Information%20Packet%201-25-14.pdf|archive-date=2015-02-01|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Phelps earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in chemistry from [[Tennessee State University]] in 2003.<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=TAP/><ref name=TNUCommencement>{{Cite web|title=Spring Commencement Exercise of the Ninety-First Year|website=Tennessee State University|date=2003-05-10|p=22|access-date=2019-02-05|url=http://www.tnstate.edu/library/documents/2003%20Spring%20Commencement.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202344/http://www.tnstate.edu/library/documents/2003%20Spring%20Commencement.pdf|archive-date=2018-09-08|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref>


== Career ==
== Career ==


=== US Navy ===
=== US Navy ===
After graduating from [[Tennessee State University]], Phelps joined the [[United States Navy]], where she served as a non-commissioned officer in the Nuclear Power Program.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2017/07/30/ywca-tribute-women-finalists-and-special-award-winners/496987001/|title=YWCA Tribute to Women finalists and special award winners|website=Knoxville News Sentinel|language=en|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> The Nuclear Power Program operates and maintains the nuclear reactors that power the Navy's submarines and aircraft carriers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=96693|title=Nuclear Power: A Satisfying Career Fulfilling the Navy's Needs|last=Affairs|first=This story was written by Tamara R. Dabney, Navy Recruiting District Raleigh Public|website=www.navy.mil|language=en|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.navycs.com/blogs/2008/11/14/navy-nuclear-program|title=Superior Training and Opportunity|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> Phelps has said she joined because she was drawn to "the mystery" of nuclear science, "partly out of fascination and partly to dispel some of the fears others had towards the field. While in the Navy, Phelps studied nuclear power, reactor theory, and thermodynamics. She completed the [[Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery]]. She was trained in [[radiation]] control (radcon) and chemistry controls.

After graduating from Tennessee State University, Phelps joined the [[United States Navy]], where she served as an officer<ref name=TAP/> in the Nuclear Power Program,<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=KnoxNews>{{Cite news| title = YWCA Tribute to Women finalists and special award winners| work = Knoxville News Sentinel/USA Today| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2017-06-30| url = https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2017/07/30/ywca-tribute-women-finalists-and-special-award-winners/496987001/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202242/https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2017/07/30/ywca-tribute-women-finalists-and-special-award-winners/496987001/| archive-date = 2018-09-08| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> which operates and maintains the [[nuclear reactors]] that power the Navy's [[submarine]]s and [[aircraft carrier]]s.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Dabney| first = Tamara R.| title = Nuclear Power: A Satisfying Career Fulfilling the Navy's Needs| work = US Navy| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2016-10-11| url = https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=96693| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170604130435/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=96693| archive-date = 2017-06-04| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last = Goering| first = Tom| title = Superior Training and Opportunity: Navy Nuclear Power Program| work = Navy CyberSpace| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2018-06-08| url = https://www.navycs.com/blogs/2008/11/14/navy-nuclear-program| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021222959/https://www.navycs.com/blogs/2008/11/14/navy-nuclear-program| archive-date = 2018-10-21| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> Phelps has said she joined because she was drawn to "the mystery" of nuclear science, "partly out of fascination and partly to dispel some of the fears others had towards the field."<ref name=Simoneau/> While in the Navy, Phelps worked in nuclear power, reactor theory, and thermodynamics.<ref name=Simoneau/>


=== Oak Ridge National Laboratory ===
=== Oak Ridge National Laboratory ===
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In 2009, Phelps joined [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/staff-profile/clarice-e-phelps|title=Clarice E Phelps {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> The [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project and is the largest science and energy laboratory in the [[United States Department of Energy|US Department of Energy]], with an annual budget of $1.4 billion.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/|title=Home {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> At Oak Ridge, Phelps works in the Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate as the project manager for the [[nickel-63]] and [[selenium-75]] industrial isotope programs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> [[Nickel-63]] is used by the [[Transportation Security Administration]] to monitor for explosives, and [[selenium-75]] is used in [[Gamma Radiation|gamma radiography]]. In addition to being a project manager, she is a member of the research and development staff in Oak Ridge's Nuclear Materials Processing Group, where she works with "super heavy" transuranic isotopes that are produced mainly by nuclear transmutation.<ref name=":2" /> She is also a member of the Medical, Industrial and Research Isotopes Group, where her research focuses on separation and analysis of elements such as actinium, lanthanum, europium, and samarium.<ref name=":2" />
[[file:Oakridge's Dr Rose Boll and Clarice Phelps in lab.jpg|thumb|left|Rose Boll and Phelps (right) working at [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] in 2018]]
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In 2009, Phelps joined [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]],<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=ORNLBio/> which was established in 1943 as part of the [[Manhattan Project]] and is the largest science and energy laboratory in the US [[Department of Energy]], with an annual budget of $1.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Solving the big problems| work = Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-06| url = https://www.ornl.gov/content/solving-big-problems| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190108211401/https://www.ornl.gov/content/solving-big-problems| archive-date = 2019-01-08| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> At Oak Ridge, Phelps works in the Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate<ref name=Ellis>{{Cite news| last = Ellis| first = Jason| title = Phelps wins YWCA Tribute to Women| work = Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2017-09-19| url = https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044358/https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women| archive-date = 2018-09-01| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> as the program manager for the [[Ni-63|nickel-63]] and [[selenium]]-75 industrial [[isotope]] programs.<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=KnoxNews/><ref name=ORNLBio>{{Cite web| title = Clarice E Phelps| work = Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-05| url = https://www.ornl.gov/staff-profile/clarice-e-phelps| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044424/https://www.ornl.gov/staff-profile/clarice-e-phelps| archive-date = 2018-09-01| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> In addition to being a program manager, she is a member of the research and development staff in Oak Ridge's Nuclear Materials Processing Group, where she works with "super heavy" [[transuranic]] isotopes that are produced mainly by [[nuclear transmutation]].<ref name=ORNLBio/> She is also a member of the Medical, Industrial and Research Isotopes Group,<ref name=Simoneau/> where her research focuses on separation and analysis of elements such as [[actinium]], [[lanthanum]], [[europium]], and [[samarium]].<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=ORNLBio/>


In 2010, Phelps was involved in the discovery of the second-heaviest known element, [[tennessine]], element 117,<ref name=KnoxNews/><ref name=Ellis/> serving as part of the team that purified [[berkelium]] used to confirm the discovery of tennessine.<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=ORNLBio/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KgWTtQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table|last=Chapman|first=Kit|date=2019-08-27|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|isbn=9781472953896|language=en}}</ref> Berkelium-249 was produced through intense [[neutron irradiation]] of [[cesium]] and [[americium]] using Oak Ridge's [[High Flux Isotope Reactor]], then shipped to the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] in [[Dubna]], Russia and combined with [[calcium-48]] in a [[fusion reaction]] to create tennessine.<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502| volume = 104| issue = 14| pages = 142502| last1 = Oganessian| first1 = Yu. Ts.| last2 = Abdullin| first2 = F. Sh.| last3 = Bailey| first3 = P. D.| last4 = Benker| first4 = D. E.| last5 = Bennett| first5 = M. E.| last6 = Dmitriev| first6 = S. N.| last7 = Ezold| first7 = J. G.| last8 = Hamilton| first8 = J. H.| last9 = Henderson| first9 = R. A.| last10 = Itkis| first10 = M. G.| last11 = Lobanov| first11 = Yu. V.| last12 = Mezentsev| first12 = A. N.| last13 = Moody| first13 = K. J.| last14 = Nelson| first14 = S. L.| last15 = Polyakov| first15 = A. N.| last16 = Porter| first16 = C. E.| last17 = Ramayya| first17 = A. V.| last18 = Riley| first18 = F. D.| last19 = Roberto| first19 = J. B.| last20 = Ryabinin| first20 = M. A.| last21 = Rykaczewski| first21 = K. P.| last22 = Sagaidak| first22 = R. N.| last23 = Shaughnessy| first23 = D. A.| last24 = Shirokovsky| first24 = I. V.| last25 = Stoyer| first25 = M. A.| last26 = Subbotin| first26 = V. G.| last27 = Sudowe| first27 = R.| last28 = Sukhov| first28 = A. M.| last29 = Tsyganov| first29 = Yu. S.| last30 = Utyonkov| first30 = V. K.| last31 = Voinov| first31 = A. A.| last32 = Vostokin| first32 = G. K.| last33 = Wilk| first33 = P. A.| display-authors = 4| title = Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z=117| journal = Physical Review Letters| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2010-04-09| url = https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502}} ([https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44610795_Synthesis_of_a_New_Element_with_Atomic_Number_Z117 PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219150219/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44610795_Synthesis_of_a_New_Element_with_Atomic_Number_Z117 |date=2016-12-19 }})</ref> Over 50 staff members from Oak Ridge contributed to the production and purification of the berkelium used in the experiment.<ref>{{Cite paper| last = Roberto| first = Jim| title = The Discovery of Element 117| location = Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2016-07-21| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161021230058/http://www.fornl.info/Presentations/Discovery%20of%20Element%20117%20final.pdf}}</ref>
In 2010, Phelps was the first African-American woman to be part of the team that discovered a [[superheavy element]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KgWTtQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table|last=Chapman|first=Kit|date=2019-08-27|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|isbn=9781472953896|language=en}}</ref> Phelps was involved in the discovery of the second-heaviest known element, [[tennessine]] ([[Element 117]]), serving as part of the team that purified berkelium used to confirm the discovery of tennessine.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women|title=Phelps wins YWCA Tribute to Women {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|title=Tennessine: Discovering a New Element|date=2017-01-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZVl6tQysl4|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> Phelps was part of a three month long production of 22 mg of [[Berkelium-249]].<ref>{{Citation|last=ORNL Creative Media|title=REDC final approval|date=2018-03-13|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m3_8x-BTG-w&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR0oi5p8ORp1TJDKZzqhUgIlchrP4U_K2IVJzcgkUvOwgoDqWBSdHakrKSY|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> [[Berkelium-249]] was produced through intense neutron irradiation of [[curium]] using Oak Ridge's High Flux Isotope Reactor, then shipped to the [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] in Dubna, Russia and combined with [[calcium-48]] in a fusion reaction to create tennessine.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oganessian|first=Yu. Ts.|last2=Abdullin|first2=F. Sh.|last3=Bailey|first3=P. D.|last4=Benker|first4=D. E.|last5=Bennett|first5=M. E.|last6=Dmitriev|first6=S. N.|last7=Ezold|first7=J. G.|last8=Hamilton|first8=J. H.|last9=Henderson|first9=R. A.|date=2010-04-09|title=Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z = 117|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502|journal=Physical Review Letters|language=en|volume=104|issue=14|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502|issn=0031-9007}}</ref> Over 50 staff members from Oak Ridge contributed to the production and purification of the berkelium used in the experiment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021230058/http://www.fornl.info/Presentations/Discovery%20of%20Element%20117%20final.pdf|title=Wayback Machine|date=2016-10-21|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref>


Phelps has contributed to several other notable research efforts, including [[spectroscopic]] analysis and [[spectrophotometric]] valence state studies of [[Pu-238|plutonium-238]]<ref>{{Cite conference| publisher = Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)| last1 = DePaoli| first1 = David W.| last2 = Benker| first2 = Dennis| last3 = Delmau| first3 = Laetitia Helene| last4 = Sherman| first4 = Steven R.| last5 = Collins| first5 = Emory D.| last6 = Wham| first6 = Robert M.| display-authors = 4 | title = Status Summary of Chemical Processing Development in Plutonium-238 Supply Program| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2017-10-01| url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1430620 | quote = Experimentation and analysis for process development was performed by members of the Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division, including Jonathan Burns, Kevin Felker, Chris Jensen, Catherine Mattus, Kristian Myhre, Joanna McFarlane, Clarice Phelps, and Joseph Spahr. Inventory management support was provided by Jon Garrison, Laura Harvey, Riley Hunley, Tom Hylton, Robin Taylor, and Gary West.}}</ref> and [[neptunium]]-237 and 238 for the [[National Aeronautic and Space Administration]] (NASA).<ref name=ORNLBio/> The plutonium-238 produced at Oak Ridge starting in 2015 was the nation's first in over 25 years and will be used to fuel NASA's [[deep space exploration]] missions.<ref name=Parks>{{Cite web | last = Parks | first = Cecil | title = Innovation Through Nuclear Science and Technology | work = Oak Ridge National Laboratory | date = 2018 | url = https://www.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Science.pdf | access-date = 2019-02-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180612205244/https://www.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Science.pdf | archive-date = 2018-06-12 | dead-url = no | df = }}</ref> Phelps has also studied [[Electrophoretic deposition|electrodeposition]] with [[californium-252]] for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade project (CARIBU).<ref name=ORNLBio/> Oak Ridge is the only US producer of californium-252 (used in cancer treatments and other applications) and produces over 70% of the world's supply.<ref name=Parks/>
Phelps continues to contribute to other important research efforts, including spectroscopic analysis and spectrophotometric valence state studies of plutonium-238 and neptunium-237 and 238 for the [[NASA|National Aeronautic and Space Administration]] (NASA).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=DePaoli|first=David W.|last2=Benker|first2=Dennis|last3=Delmau|first3=Laetitia Helene|last4=Sherman|first4=Steven R.|last5=Collins|first5=Emory D.|last6=Wham|first6=Robert M.|date=2017-10-01|title=Status Summary of Chemical Processing Development in Plutonium-238 Supply Program|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1430620|language=English}}</ref> The plutonium-238 produced at [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory|Oak Ridge]] starting in 2015 was the nation's first in over 25 years, and will be used to fuel NASA's deep space exploration missions. Phelps has also studied electrodeposition with [[californium-252]] for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade project (CARIBU).<ref name=":0" /> Oak Ridge is the only US producer of californium-252 (used in cancer treatments and other applications) and produces over 70% of the world's supply.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/sites/default/files/Nuclear%20Science.pdf|title=Innovation Through Nuclear Science and Technology|last=|first=|date=|website=ORNL|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref>


In October 2018 Phelps was part of the 75 year celebrations for [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|title=By the people|date=2018-10-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnyrmETbaYw&t=93s|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> In 2019 she was part of the [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory|ORNL]] celebration for [[International Women's Day]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|title=Be A Leader Where You Are|date=2019-03-08|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WDr0wjrtbg&feature=youtu.be|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>
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== Memberships and awards==


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== Memberships and awards ==
In 2017, Phelps won the [[YWCA]] Knoxville Tribute to Women Technology, Research, and Innovation Award, which recognizes "local women who lead their fields in technology and excel in community service".<ref name=KnoxNews/><ref name=Ellis/><ref name=UTS>{{Cite news| title = YWCA spotlights Karen Weekly at annual Tribute to Women| work = University of Tennessee Athletics| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2017-09-15| url = http://utsports.com/news/2017/9/15/softball-ywca-spotlights-karen-weekly-at-annual-tribute-to-women.aspx| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044442/https://utsports.com/news/2017/9/15/softball-ywca-spotlights-karen-weekly-at-annual-tribute-to-women.aspx| archive-date = 2018-09-01| dead-url = no| df = }}</ref> Phelps is a member of the [[American Chemical Society]]<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=ORNLBio/> and serves on Oak Ridge's Educational Outreach Committee as its diversity chair for [[Knox County, TN|Knox County]] Schools.<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=KnoxNews/><ref name=ORNLBio/><ref name=Ellis/> Phelps helped establish a program to teach robotics, drones, circuitry, and coding to inner city high school students in [[Knoxville]], TN through the ASCEND program of the [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]] sorority's graduate chapter, among other [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] outreach programs for local students.<ref name=Simoneau/><ref name=KnoxNews/><ref name=Ellis/>
In 2017, Phelps won the [[YWCA]] Knoxville Tribute to Women Technology, Research, and Innovation Award, which recognises "local women who lead their fields in technology and excel in community service".<ref>{{Citation|last=Productions|first=F. A. R.|title=YWCA Tribune to Women {{!}} Technology, Research, Innovation|date=2017-09-11|url=https://vimeo.com/233377303|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/content/phelps-wins-ywca-tribute-women?fbclid=IwAR2ZeOu7x9PXh-L7uWIomIvDFkkIXDVHxnK_0elUOc66bTdrGlKpKvt1XPQ|title=Phelps wins YWCA Tribute to Women {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> She was featured on the [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities]] STEM stories program, partnering with nearby schools in [[Tennessee]].<ref>{{Citation|last=ORAU|title=Vine Middle Magnet School: Hidden Figures|date=2017-10-09|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoLsfb--22E&fbclid=IwAR3UjXRKDcry25cIpfyKY7eX5_G2SA7WDGkdbGYX2TA0uHMVhEdbvwNpvM0|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> Phelps is a member of the [[American Chemical Society]] and serves on Oak Ridge's Educational Outreach Committee as its diversity chair for [[Knox County Schools]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/directorate/nsed/educational-outreach/committee|title=Educational Outreach Committee {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref>


Phelps helped establish a program to teach robotics, drones, circuitry, and coding to inner city high school students in Knoxville, TN through the ASCEND program of the [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]] sorority's graduate chapter, among other STEM outreach programs for local students.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> She is the Vice President of the board of Youth Outreach in Science, Technology, Engineering and Medicine ''Yo-STEM''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yostem.org/board-of-directors|title=Board of Directors|website=YO-STEM|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> She is a member of the [[American Nuclear Society]] and [[American Chemical Society]].
== Scholarship ==

* {{Cite conference| conference = APS Division of Nuclear Physics Meeting Abstracts| pages = –009| last1 = Matoš| first1 = Milan| last2 = Boll| first2 = Rose A.| last3 = Phelps| first3 = Clarice E.| last4 = Torrico| first4 = Matthew N.| last5 = van Cleve| first5 = Shelley M.| last6 = Lewis| first6 = Benjamin E.| title = Electrodeposition of Californium Using Isobutanol and Aqueous Ammonium Acetate| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2013-10-01| url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..DNP.CJ009M}}<ref name=ORNLBio/>
* Van Cleve, S.M.; Boll, R.A.; Phelps, C.E.; Ezold, J.G. (May 2012). ''Recovery and Purification of Berkelium-249 for SHE Research''. Poster Presentation for 36th Actinide Separations Conference, Chattanooga, TN.<ref name=ORNLBio/>
* Torrico, M.N.; Boll, R.A.; Matos, M.; Phelps, C.E. (June 2013). ''Electrodeposition of Actinide Compounds from Aqueous Ammonium Acetate Matrix''. Presentation for the 245th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, LA.<ref name=ORNLBio/><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.056| issn = 0168-9002| volume = 790| pages = 64–69| last1 = Torrico| first1 = M. N.| last2 = Boll| first2 = R. A.| last3 = Matos| first3 = M.| title = Electrodeposition of actinide compounds from an aqueous ammonium acetate matrix: Experimental development and optimization| journal = Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment| accessdate = 2019-02-06| date = 2015-08-01| url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900215003733|quote=This work was performed at the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under the supervision of the Nuclear Materials Processing Group (NMPG), which is part of the Nuclear Security and Isotopes Technology Division (NSITD)&nbsp;... thanks to Sandra Davern for radiographic imaging and to Clarice Phelps and Donny McInturff of REDC for materials and chemical support.}}</ref>
* {{Cite conference| publisher = Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)| last1 = Warburton| first1 = Jamie L.| last2 = Phelps| first2 = Clarice E.| last3 = Benker| first3 = Dennis| last4 = Patton| first4 = Bradley D.| last5 = Wham| first5 = Robert M.| title = UV-Visible Spectroscopic Process Monitor for Hot Cell Mixer-settler Separations at ORNL's Radiochemical Engineering Development Center| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2013-01-01| url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1095723}}<ref name=ORNLBio/>
* {{Cite conference| publisher = Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)| last1 = McFarlane| first1 = Joanna| last2 = Delmau| first2 = Laetitia Helene| last3 = DePaoli| first3 = David W.| last4 = Mattus| first4 = Catherine H.| last5 = Phelps| first5 = Clarice E.| last6 = Roach| first6 = Benjamin D.| title = Hydroxylamine Nitrate Decomposition under Non-radiological Conditions| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2015-07-01| url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1195814}}<ref name=ORNLBio/>
* {{Cite conference| publisher = Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)| last1 = Patton| first1 = Bradley D.| last2 = Robinson| first2 = Sharon M.| last3 = Benker| first3 = Dennis| last4 = Phelps| first4 = Clarice E.| title = Lessons Learned from Processing Mark-18A Targets at Oak Ridge National Laboratory| accessdate = 2019-02-05| date = 2016-01-01| url = https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1279410}}
* Phelps, C.; Delmau, L.; Boll, R.; Hindman, C. (August 2016). ''Investigations Using LN, LN2 and LN3 resins for Separation of Actinium from Lanthanuum''. Presentation for the 252nd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Philadelphis, PA.<ref name=ORNLBio/>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web|work=Oak Ridge National Laboratory|via=YouTube|title=Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community (video interview)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nipRXBWUYME|access-date=2019-02-04}}

{{authority control|ORCID=0000-0002-2431-3904}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phelps, Clarice}}
[[Category:African-American chemists]]
[[Category:21st-century American chemists]]
[[Category:Tennessee State University alumni]]
[[Category:Oak Ridge National Laboratory people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century women scientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American women chemists]]
[[Category:Nuclear chemists]]

Revision as of 19:18, 3 April 2019

Clarice Phelps
Alma materTennessee State University
Scientific career
InstitutionsOak Ridge National Laboratory
University of Texas at Austin
United States Navy

Clarice E. Phelps (née Salone) is an American nuclear chemist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and formerly a US Navy Officer in the Navy Nuclear Power Program. She was part of the team that discovered Element 117, tennessine. At the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Phelps works as a project manager for industrial use isotopes. She investigates the processing of radioactive transuranic elements, such as plutonium-238 used to fuel NASA's deep space exploration missions, and californium-252 used in fission fragment studies.

Early life and education

Phelps‘s interest in science began as a child when her mother gave her a microscope set and encyclopaedia based science kit, and was nurtured by her secondary school science teachers.[1][2] She is an alumna of the Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group (TAP), a nonprofit youth organisation for at-risk youth.[3] Phelps earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Tennessee State University in 2003.[1][4] She is completing a master's degree by distance learning University of Texas at Austin.[5]

Career

US Navy

After graduating from Tennessee State University, Phelps joined the United States Navy, where she served as a non-commissioned officer in the Nuclear Power Program.[1][6] The Nuclear Power Program operates and maintains the nuclear reactors that power the Navy's submarines and aircraft carriers.[7][8] Phelps has said she joined because she was drawn to "the mystery" of nuclear science, "partly out of fascination and partly to dispel some of the fears others had towards the field. While in the Navy, Phelps studied nuclear power, reactor theory, and thermodynamics. She completed the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. She was trained in radiation control (radcon) and chemistry controls.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

In 2009, Phelps joined Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[9] The Oak Ridge National Laboratory was established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project and is the largest science and energy laboratory in the US Department of Energy, with an annual budget of $1.4 billion.[10] At Oak Ridge, Phelps works in the Nuclear Security and Isotope Technology Division of the Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate as the project manager for the nickel-63 and selenium-75 industrial isotope programs.[1][9][10] Nickel-63 is used by the Transportation Security Administration to monitor for explosives, and selenium-75 is used in gamma radiography. In addition to being a project manager, she is a member of the research and development staff in Oak Ridge's Nuclear Materials Processing Group, where she works with "super heavy" transuranic isotopes that are produced mainly by nuclear transmutation.[9] She is also a member of the Medical, Industrial and Research Isotopes Group, where her research focuses on separation and analysis of elements such as actinium, lanthanum, europium, and samarium.[9]

In 2010, Phelps was the first African-American woman to be part of the team that discovered a superheavy element.[11] Phelps was involved in the discovery of the second-heaviest known element, tennessine (Element 117), serving as part of the team that purified berkelium used to confirm the discovery of tennessine.[1][12][11][13] Phelps was part of a three month long production of 22 mg of Berkelium-249.[14] Berkelium-249 was produced through intense neutron irradiation of curium using Oak Ridge's High Flux Isotope Reactor, then shipped to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia and combined with calcium-48 in a fusion reaction to create tennessine.[15] Over 50 staff members from Oak Ridge contributed to the production and purification of the berkelium used in the experiment.[16]

Phelps continues to contribute to other important research efforts, including spectroscopic analysis and spectrophotometric valence state studies of plutonium-238 and neptunium-237 and 238 for the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA).[17] The plutonium-238 produced at Oak Ridge starting in 2015 was the nation's first in over 25 years, and will be used to fuel NASA's deep space exploration missions. Phelps has also studied electrodeposition with californium-252 for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade project (CARIBU).[1] Oak Ridge is the only US producer of californium-252 (used in cancer treatments and other applications) and produces over 70% of the world's supply.[18]

In October 2018 Phelps was part of the 75 year celebrations for Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[19] In 2019 she was part of the ORNL celebration for International Women's Day.[20]

Memberships and awards

In 2017, Phelps won the YWCA Knoxville Tribute to Women Technology, Research, and Innovation Award, which recognises "local women who lead their fields in technology and excel in community service".[21][22] She was featured on the Oak Ridge Associated Universities STEM stories program, partnering with nearby schools in Tennessee.[23] Phelps is a member of the American Chemical Society and serves on Oak Ridge's Educational Outreach Committee as its diversity chair for Knox County Schools.[1][6][24]

Phelps helped establish a program to teach robotics, drones, circuitry, and coding to inner city high school students in Knoxville, TN through the ASCEND program of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority's graduate chapter, among other STEM outreach programs for local students.[1][6] She is the Vice President of the board of Youth Outreach in Science, Technology, Engineering and Medicine Yo-STEM.[25] She is a member of the American Nuclear Society and American Chemical Society.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Clarice Phelps: Dedicated service to science and community | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  2. ^ "STEM Magazine" (PDF). STEM Magazine. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  3. ^ "Tennessee Aquatic Project and Development Group" (PDF). Tennessee Aquatic Project. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  4. ^ "Spring Commencement Exercise" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  5. ^ "Clarice Phelps". nuclear.engr.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  6. ^ a b c "YWCA Tribute to Women finalists and special award winners". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  7. ^ Affairs, This story was written by Tamara R. Dabney, Navy Recruiting District Raleigh Public. "Nuclear Power: A Satisfying Career Fulfilling the Navy's Needs". www.navy.mil. Retrieved 2019-04-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ "Superior Training and Opportunity". Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  9. ^ a b c d "Clarice E Phelps | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  10. ^ a b "Home | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  11. ^ a b Chapman, Kit (2019-08-27). Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 9781472953896.
  12. ^ "Phelps wins YWCA Tribute to Women | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  13. ^ Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2017-01-30), Tennessine: Discovering a New Element, retrieved 2019-04-03
  14. ^ ORNL Creative Media (2018-03-13), REDC final approval, retrieved 2019-04-03
  15. ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Abdullin, F. Sh.; Bailey, P. D.; Benker, D. E.; Bennett, M. E.; Dmitriev, S. N.; Ezold, J. G.; Hamilton, J. H.; Henderson, R. A. (2010-04-09). "Synthesis of a New Element with Atomic Number Z = 117". Physical Review Letters. 104 (14). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.142502. ISSN 0031-9007.
  16. ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). web.archive.org. 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  17. ^ DePaoli, David W.; Benker, Dennis; Delmau, Laetitia Helene; Sherman, Steven R.; Collins, Emory D.; Wham, Robert M. (2017-10-01). "Status Summary of Chemical Processing Development in Plutonium-238 Supply Program". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ "Innovation Through Nuclear Science and Technology" (PDF). ORNL. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  19. ^ Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2018-10-30), By the people, retrieved 2019-04-03
  20. ^ Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2019-03-08), Be A Leader Where You Are, retrieved 2019-04-03
  21. ^ Productions, F. A. R. (2017-09-11), YWCA Tribune to Women | Technology, Research, Innovation, retrieved 2019-04-03
  22. ^ "Phelps wins YWCA Tribute to Women | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  23. ^ ORAU (2017-10-09), Vine Middle Magnet School: Hidden Figures, retrieved 2019-04-03
  24. ^ "Educational Outreach Committee | ORNL". www.ornl.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  25. ^ "Board of Directors". YO-STEM. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
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