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{{for|the assessment and treatment of human behavior|Functional analysis (psychology)}}

'''Functional medicine''' is a form of [[alternative medicine]]<ref>{{cite journal |last= Pal |first= Sanjoy K. |title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview |journal= Current Science |volume= 82 |issue= 5 |pages= 518–24 |date= March 2002 |url= http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar102002/518.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal |last1= Ehrlich |first1= Gillian |first2= Travis |last2= Callender |first3= Barak |last3= Gaster |title= Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians’ educational backgrounds and practices |journal= Family Medicine |date= May 2013 |volume= 45 |issue= 5 |pages= 330–4 |pmid= 23681684 |url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf |accessdate= 8 October 2013}}</ref> which proponents say focuses on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. Practitioners attempt to develop individual treatment plans for people they treat.<ref name=Ehrlich /> Functional medicine encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web |last= Sampson |first= Wallace |authorlink= Wallace Sampson |title= Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?|url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ |work= Science Based Medicine |accessdate= 20 May 2014 |date= 9 July 2009}}</ref>
'''Functional medicine''' is a form of [[alternative medicine]]<ref>{{cite journal |last= Pal |first= Sanjoy K. |title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview |journal= Current Science |volume= 82 |issue= 5 |pages= 518–24 |date= March 2002 |url= http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar102002/518.pdf}}</ref><ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal |last1= Ehrlich |first1= Gillian |first2= Travis |last2= Callender |first3= Barak |last3= Gaster |title= Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians’ educational backgrounds and practices |journal= Family Medicine |date= May 2013 |volume= 45 |issue= 5 |pages= 330–4 |pmid= 23681684 |url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf |accessdate= 8 October 2013}}</ref> which proponents say focuses on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. Practitioners attempt to develop individual treatment plans for people they treat.<ref name=Ehrlich /> Functional medicine encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web |last= Sampson |first= Wallace |authorlink= Wallace Sampson |title= Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?|url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ |work= Science Based Medicine |accessdate= 20 May 2014 |date= 9 July 2009}}</ref>


Revision as of 01:21, 19 September 2014

For the assessment and treatment of human behavior, see Functional analysis (psychology).

Functional medicine is a form of alternative medicine[1][2] which proponents say focuses on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. Practitioners attempt to develop individual treatment plans for people they treat.[2] Functional medicine encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.[3][4]

Concept

Functional medicine significantly departs from mainstream medicine in its emphasis on treatments and concepts of health and disease which are not currently known to be effective or which have been shown to be ineffective by clinical research.[3] These include

  • Orthomolecular medicine [5]
  • Detoxification of undocumented toxins.[6]
  • "Biochemical Individuality" (i.e. the notion that the nutritional needs, chemical constitution and disease states are unique for every individual;[7] this represents a recrudescence of the mainstream medical conception of disease common before the development of germ theory[8])
  • Promotion of the discredited link between MMR vaccine and autism (the retracted Lancet paper by Wakefield et al. is cited in The Textbook of Functional Medicine)[9]
  • Organ reserve
  • Diagnosis of chronic occult infections (e.g. chronic Lyme disease)
  • Homeopathy, including "Biopuncture", the injection of homeopathic remedies[10]
  • Dubious nutritional interventions, including avoidance of gluten

Functional medicine typically seeks to provide chronic care management based on the assumption that "diet, nutrition, and exposure to environmental toxins play central roles in a predisposition to illness" and "provoke symptoms, and modulate the activity of biochemical mediators through a complex and diverse set of mechanisms."[11]

The Institute for Functional Medicine

Jeffrey Bland and Susan Bland founded the Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) in 1991.[12]

Reception

In 1991, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission charged that two corporations led by Jeffrey Bland, HealthComm and Nu-Day Enterprises, had falsely claimed that their diet program could cause weight loss by changing consumers' metabolism and cause them to lose weight without exercising so that fat would be lost as body heat instead of being stored.[13] In 1995, the FTC charged Bland and his companies with violating the 1991 consent order by making further unsubstantiated weight-loss claims for several products, including the UltraClear dietary program, which had been falsely claimed to reduce the incidence and severity of symptoms associated with gastrointestinal problems, inflammatory and immunologic problems, fatigue, food allergies, mercury exposure, kidney disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. The second settlement agreement included a $45,000 civil penalty.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pal, Sanjoy K. (March 2002). "Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview" (PDF). Current Science. 82 (5): 518–24.
  2. ^ a b Ehrlich, Gillian; Callender, Travis; Gaster, Barak (May 2013). "Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices" (PDF). Family Medicine. 45 (5): 330–4. PMID 23681684. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b Sampson, Wallace (30 October 2008). "Functional Medicine – New Kid on the Block". Science-based Medicine.
  4. ^ Sampson, Wallace (9 July 2009). "Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?". Science Based Medicine. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Nutritional Medicine/Orthomolecular Medicine". centerforfunctionalmed.com. Center for Functional Medicine.
  6. ^ "Detoxification/ Heavy Metals". centerforfunctionalmed.com. Center for Functional Medicine.
  7. ^ Jonas, Wayne (2005). Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. ISBN 0323025161.[full citation needed]
  8. ^ Carter, K. Codell; Carter, Barbara (2005). Childbed Fever. A Scientific Biography of Ignaz Semmelweis. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412804677.
  9. ^ Baker, Sidney MacDonald; Bennet, Peter; Bland, Jeffrey; Galland, Leo; Hedaya, Robert; Houston, Mark; Hyman, Mark; Lombard, Jay; Rountree, Robert; Vasquez, Alex (2010). Textbook of Functional Medicine. Institute for Functional Medicine. ISBN 9780977371372. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Prescott, David (June 2007). "Lessons from the California practice rights litigation". Chiropractic Journal. 21 (9): 11, 41.
  11. ^ Galland, L. (2006). "Patient-centered care: Antecedents, triggers, and mediators". Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 12 (4): 62–70. PMID 16862744.
  12. ^ "Founders". Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  13. ^ a b Barrett, Stephen (11 September 2013). "Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics". Quackwatch. Retrieved June 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

Further reading

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