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==Biography==
==Biography==
Nugiseks was born on Vanaõu farmstead, [[Karjaküla, Järva County|Karjaküla]] village, [[Järva County]], Särevere Province, [[Estonia]].<ref name=kultuur2011>{{cite web|last=Raude|first=Kuno|title=Harald Nugiseks – 90|url=http://kultuur.elu.ee/ke505_nugiseks.htm|publisher=[[Kultuur ja Elu]]|accessdate=5 January 2014|language=Estonian|year=2011}}</ref> His parents were peasant farmers, and Harald attended the basic school at Laupa.
Harald Nugiseks was born on Vanaõu farmstead, [[Karjaküla, Järva County|Karjaküla]] village, [[Järva County]], Särevere Province, [[Estonia]].<ref name=kultuur2011>{{cite web|last=Raude|first=Kuno|title=Harald Nugiseks – 90|url=http://kultuur.elu.ee/ke505_nugiseks.htm|publisher=[[Kultuur ja Elu]]|accessdate=5 January 2014|language=Estonian|year=2011}}</ref> His parents were peasant farmers, and Harald attended the basic school at Laupa.


He joined the Estonian Security battalion from the Commercial Institute at Pairu on 2 October 1941. When the German Army invaded Soviet territory it became Heinrich Himmler's policy that all Germanic regiments should be incorporated into Waffen SS units. Nugiseks became part of 185th battalion of General [[Georg von Kuchler]]'s 18th Army officially known as ''Estniche Sicherungs Abteilung'' which was used as a security unit in the rearguard.
Nugiseks joined the Estonian Security battalion from the Commercial Institute at Pairu on 2 October 1941. Nugiseks became part of 185th battalion of General [[Georg von Kuchler]]'s 18th Army officially known as ''Estniche Sicherungs Abteilung'' which was used as a security unit in the rearguard.


But in 1943 the High Command decided reinforcements were needed for the Leningrad offensive. In 1943, he voluntarily joined the [[Estonian Legion]]. Three Estonian volunteer battalions were sent to [[Volkhov]], when Nugiseks joined 660th commanded by Major Ellram. The 1st Estonian SS Volunteers was formed at [[Debica]], Poland in August 1942 from police battalions such as Nugiseks. By March 1943 the unit was fighting with the [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking]] on the [[Mius Front]] in the [[Ukraine]]. Two months later it was expanded into a No.3 Brigade consisting of two regiments, of three battalions each. They fought in hard battles against Communist Partisans and Soviet Regulars on the Nevel Front, and then at [[Battle of Velikiye Luki|Velikye Luki]]. By November 1943, Nugiseks had already come under enemy fire, but the following month was transferred to the newly-formed 16th Army. In February 1944 his brigade joined [[Felix Steiner]]'s [[III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps]], renowned for hard fighting and tactical victories. In the teeth of repeated counter-attacks by the SS Estonian Division the Soviet infantry were relentless, breaking through the lines. After a month of brutal and incessant fighting at [[Siivertsi]], thrown back into the river several times, the Soviets eventually reached Nugiseks position to the north of the village [[Narva|Narwa]]. The Dutch Nederland brigade's engineers were brought up to plug the gap in the line, but the Soviets called on massive reinforcements. The Estonians were short of men and facing insuperable odds.
In 1943, Nugiseks volunteered for the [[Estonian Legion]]. Three Estonian volunteer battalions were sent to [[Volkhov]], when Nugiseks joined 660th commanded by Major Ellram. The 1st Estonian SS Volunteers was formed at [[Debica]], Poland in August 1942 from police battalions such as Nugiseks'. By March 1943 the unit was fighting with the [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking]] on the [[Mius Front]] in [[Ukraine]]. Two months later it was expanded into a No. 3 Brigade consisting of two regiments, of three battalions each. They fought in hard battles against Communist Partisans and Soviet Regulars on the Nevel Front, and then in the [[Battle of Velikiye Luki]]. In December 1943, Nugiseks was transferred to the [[16th Army (Wehrmacht)|16th Army]]. In February 1944 his brigade joined [[Felix Steiner]]'s [[III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps]].


The Estonian volunteers under Nazi control were fighting along the right bank of the [[Narva River]] against superior Soviet forces. Despite being outnumbered the Estonian SS attacked with great ferocity driving back the Russians on the front. Nugiseks received the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] for leading the [[Narva Offensive (15–28 February 1944)|capture of the Vaasa-Siivertsi-Vepsküla]] [[bridgehead]]. As the I Battalion, [[Waffen-Grenadier Regiment der SS 46]] lost almost all of its officers, Nugiseks stepped in as the leader of the attack. He immediately changed tactics, loading a supply of hand grenade onto [[sledge]]s so the stormtroopers would not have to crawl back for supplies over the minefields.<ref>{{in lang|et}} Leo Tammiksaar (2001). Lühike ülevaade mõningatest Eesti üksustest Wehrmachtis, politseis ja SS-is. (A Brief Overview on some Estonian Units in Wehrmacht, Police, and SS. In Estonian). Lennuliiklusteeninduse AS, Tallinn</ref> With hand grenades being passed on along the line of trenches, a bridgehead was at last squeezed in from the north by "rolling" tactics, his platoon engaged in desperate hand-to-hand fighting using spades, hand grenades and bayonets. Nugiseks was mentioned in the ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]'' and in the Nazi ''[[Signal (magazine)|Signal magazine]]'' following his Knight's Cross award, which was personally given to him by the SA occupation head in Estonia, [[Karl-Siegmund Litzmann]] on 9 April 1944, while Nugiseks was recuperating in [[Türi]] hospital. Only the second Estonian to receive the honour, the whole ceremony was filmed for propaganda purposes. In the action the divisional commander Standartenfuhrer [[Franz Augsberger]], an Austrian, was wounded and also received the Knights Cross. [[Unterscharfuhrer]] Nugiseks was only 22 years old leading a ''Zugfuhrer'' (platoon leader) of Estonians defending the homeland against invasion for his unit ''I.46''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The European Volunteer|first=Massimiliano|last= Afiero|publisher=Soldiershop|date=2015}}</ref> and the first non-officer to be so awarded.
Nugiseks took part in fighting along the right bank of the [[Narva River]]. Nugiseks received the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] for leading the [[Narva Offensive (15–28 February 1944)|capture of the Vaasa-Siivertsi-Vepsküla]] [[bridgehead]]. As the I Battalion, Waffen-Grenadier Regiment der SS 46, lost almost all of its officers, Nugiseks stepped in as the leader of the attack. He immediately changed tactics, loading a supply of hand grenade onto [[sledge]]s so the stormtroopers would not have to crawl back for supplies over the minefields.<ref>{{in lang|et}} Leo Tammiksaar (2001). Lühike ülevaade mõningatest Eesti üksustest Wehrmachtis, politseis ja SS-is. (A Brief Overview on some Estonian Units in Wehrmacht, Police, and SS. In Estonian). Lennuliiklusteeninduse AS, Tallinn</ref> With hand grenades being passed on along the line of trenches, a bridgehead was at last squeezed in from the north by "rolling" tactics, his platoon engaged in desperate hand-to-hand fighting using spades, hand grenades and bayonets. Nugiseks was mentioned in the ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]'' and in the Nazi ''[[Signal (magazine)|Signal magazine]]'' following his Knight's Cross award, which was personally given to him by the SA occupation head in Estonia, [[Karl-Siegmund Litzmann]] on 9 April 1944, while Nugiseks was recuperating in [[Türi]] hospital. With Nugiseks being the second Estonian to receive the award, the whole ceremony was filmed for propaganda purposes. In the action the divisional commander Standartenfuhrer [[Franz Augsberger]] was wounded and also received the Knights Cross. [[Unterscharfuhrer]] Nugiseks was only 22 years old leading a ''Zugfuhrer'' (platoon leader) of Estonians defending the homeland against invasion for his unit ''I.46''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The European Volunteer|first=Massimiliano|last= Afiero|publisher=Soldiershop|date=2015}}</ref> and the first non-officer to be so awarded.


Afterwards Nugiseks was demoted for fighting with some soldiers who were harassing Red Cross nurses. During the Soviet assault on Estonia in September 1944, Nugiseks' home was destroyed. Nugiseks was captured by [[Czechoslovakia|Czech]] partisans in May 1945 and put in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]]. After three unsuccessful escape attempts, he served time after being handed over to the Soviets, who had sentenced him to ten years in the [[Gulag]] and five years deportation in [[Siberia]]. Nugiseks managed to return to Estonia in 1958: on release from [[Tyumenskaya oblast]] he worked as a labourer in Parnu area of Estonia until his retirement.
Afterwards Nugiseks was demoted for fighting with some soldiers who were harassing Red Cross nurses. During the Soviet assault on Estonia in September 1944, Nugiseks' home was destroyed. Nugiseks was captured by [[Czechoslovakia|Czech]] partisans in May 1945 and put in a [[prisoner-of-war camp]]. After three unsuccessful escape attempts, he served time after being handed over to the Soviets, who had sentenced him to ten years in the [[Gulag]] and five years deportation in [[Siberia]]. Nugiseks managed to return to Estonia in 1958: on release from [[Tyumenskaya oblast]] he worked as a labourer in Parnu area of Estonia until his retirement.


In the 1970s, he constructed a house for the family using his own hands. Finally on 21 February 1994, service to his country was recognised when Major-General [[Aleksander Einseln]] made Nugiseks a Retired Captain (''erukapten'') of the [[Estonian Defence Forces]]. Nugiseks attended reburial of [[Alfons Rebane]], another Estonian [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] holder, ordered by the Estonian government. After 4229 signatures were collected in October 2008, Captain Nugiseks was awarded the [[:et:Eesti Rahva Tänumedal|Medal of Gratitude]] by the people of [[Estonia]] for his part in the fight against Bolshevism. After he died in 2014, he was buried in Tori, Estonia with full military honors. Defense minister [[Urmas Reinsalu]] said that
In the 1970s, he constructed a house for the family using his own hands. On 21 February 1994, service to his country was recognised when Major-General [[Aleksander Einseln]] made Nugiseks a Retired Captain (''erukapten'') of the [[Estonian Defence Forces]]. Nugiseks attended reburial of [[Alfons Rebane]], another Estonian [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] holder, ordered by the Estonian government. After 4229 signatures were collected in October 2008, Captain Nugiseks was awarded the [[:et:Eesti Rahva Tänumedal|Medal of Gratitude]] by the people of [[Estonia]] for his part in the fight against Bolshevism. After he died in 2014, he was buried in Tori, Estonia with full military honors. Defense minister [[Urmas Reinsalu]] said that
"[Nugiseks] was a legendary Estonian soldier whose tragedy was that he could not fighfor Estonian freedom in an Estonian uniform." <ref>https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/01/11/Estonia-allows-burial-of-former-Nazi-soldier/UPI-92641389463793/</ref>
"[Nugiseks] was a legendary Estonian soldier whose tragedy was that he could not fighfor Estonian freedom in an Estonian uniform." <ref>https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/01/11/Estonia-allows-burial-of-former-Nazi-soldier/UPI-92641389463793/</ref>


Revision as of 14:07, 23 April 2024

Harald Nugiseks
Harald Nugiseks in 2009
Born(1921-10-22)22 October 1921
Karjaküla, Särevere Parish, Järva County, Estonia[1]
Died2 January 2014(2014-01-02) (aged 92)
Pärnu, Estonia
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branchSecurity units (1941–1943)
Waffen-SS (1943–1945)
Years of service1941–1945
RankWaffen-Oberscharführer (Corporal/Sergeant)
Unit20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
Battles/wars
AwardsIron Cross 2nd & 1st class

Harald Nugiseks (22 October 1921 – 2 January 2014) was an Estonian serviceman in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. A Waffen-Oberscharführer (sergeant), he served in the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian). Nugiseks was one of the four Estonians to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.

Biography

Harald Nugiseks was born on Vanaõu farmstead, Karjaküla village, Järva County, Särevere Province, Estonia.[1] His parents were peasant farmers, and Harald attended the basic school at Laupa.

Nugiseks joined the Estonian Security battalion from the Commercial Institute at Pairu on 2 October 1941. Nugiseks became part of 185th battalion of General Georg von Kuchler's 18th Army officially known as Estniche Sicherungs Abteilung which was used as a security unit in the rearguard.

In 1943, Nugiseks volunteered for the Estonian Legion. Three Estonian volunteer battalions were sent to Volkhov, when Nugiseks joined 660th commanded by Major Ellram. The 1st Estonian SS Volunteers was formed at Debica, Poland in August 1942 from police battalions such as Nugiseks'. By March 1943 the unit was fighting with the 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking on the Mius Front in Ukraine. Two months later it was expanded into a No. 3 Brigade consisting of two regiments, of three battalions each. They fought in hard battles against Communist Partisans and Soviet Regulars on the Nevel Front, and then in the Battle of Velikiye Luki. In December 1943, Nugiseks was transferred to the 16th Army. In February 1944 his brigade joined Felix Steiner's III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps.

Nugiseks took part in fighting along the right bank of the Narva River. Nugiseks received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for leading the capture of the Vaasa-Siivertsi-Vepsküla bridgehead. As the I Battalion, Waffen-Grenadier Regiment der SS 46, lost almost all of its officers, Nugiseks stepped in as the leader of the attack. He immediately changed tactics, loading a supply of hand grenade onto sledges so the stormtroopers would not have to crawl back for supplies over the minefields.[2] With hand grenades being passed on along the line of trenches, a bridgehead was at last squeezed in from the north by "rolling" tactics, his platoon engaged in desperate hand-to-hand fighting using spades, hand grenades and bayonets. Nugiseks was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht and in the Nazi Signal magazine following his Knight's Cross award, which was personally given to him by the SA occupation head in Estonia, Karl-Siegmund Litzmann on 9 April 1944, while Nugiseks was recuperating in Türi hospital. With Nugiseks being the second Estonian to receive the award, the whole ceremony was filmed for propaganda purposes. In the action the divisional commander Standartenfuhrer Franz Augsberger was wounded and also received the Knights Cross. Unterscharfuhrer Nugiseks was only 22 years old leading a Zugfuhrer (platoon leader) of Estonians defending the homeland against invasion for his unit I.46.[3] and the first non-officer to be so awarded.

Afterwards Nugiseks was demoted for fighting with some soldiers who were harassing Red Cross nurses. During the Soviet assault on Estonia in September 1944, Nugiseks' home was destroyed. Nugiseks was captured by Czech partisans in May 1945 and put in a prisoner-of-war camp. After three unsuccessful escape attempts, he served time after being handed over to the Soviets, who had sentenced him to ten years in the Gulag and five years deportation in Siberia. Nugiseks managed to return to Estonia in 1958: on release from Tyumenskaya oblast he worked as a labourer in Parnu area of Estonia until his retirement.

In the 1970s, he constructed a house for the family using his own hands. On 21 February 1994, service to his country was recognised when Major-General Aleksander Einseln made Nugiseks a Retired Captain (erukapten) of the Estonian Defence Forces. Nugiseks attended reburial of Alfons Rebane, another Estonian Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross holder, ordered by the Estonian government. After 4229 signatures were collected in October 2008, Captain Nugiseks was awarded the Medal of Gratitude by the people of Estonia for his part in the fight against Bolshevism. After he died in 2014, he was buried in Tori, Estonia with full military honors. Defense minister Urmas Reinsalu said that "[Nugiseks] was a legendary Estonian soldier whose tragedy was that he could not fighfor Estonian freedom in an Estonian uniform." [4]

Revered and honoured by his community, a bust was posthumously installed at his school.[5]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Raude, Kuno (2011). "Harald Nugiseks – 90" (in Estonian). Kultuur ja Elu. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
  2. ^ (in Estonian) Leo Tammiksaar (2001). Lühike ülevaade mõningatest Eesti üksustest Wehrmachtis, politseis ja SS-is. (A Brief Overview on some Estonian Units in Wehrmacht, Police, and SS. In Estonian). Lennuliiklusteeninduse AS, Tallinn
  3. ^ Afiero, Massimiliano (2015). The European Volunteer. Soldiershop.
  4. ^ https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/01/11/Estonia-allows-burial-of-former-Nazi-soldier/UPI-92641389463793/
  5. ^ "Russian embassy slams unveiling of Harald Nugiseks bust in Estonian school". Tallinn, Estonia: Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 2018-11-25.

Bibliography

  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
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