Hurricane Lidia (2023)

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Hurricane Lidia
Lidia at its peak intensity while quickly approaching the state of Jalisco on October 10
Meteorological history
FormedOctober 3, 2023
DissipatedOctober 11, 2023
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds140 mph (220 km/h)
Lowest pressure942 mbar (hPa); 27.82 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1
DamageUnknown
Areas affectedWestern Mexico, Islas Marías, Southwestern Mexico
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season

Hurricane Lidia was a powerful tropical cyclone which is tied as the fourth-strongest landfalling Pacific hurricane. The fifteenth tropical depression, twelfth named storm, eighth hurricane and sixth major hurricane of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season, Lidia originated from a disturbance located south of Mexico. After tracking parallel to the Mexico coast as a tropical storm, Lidia rapidly intensified and made landfall in Jalisco at peak intensity, as a Category 4 hurricane.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

As early as September 28, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) anticipated that a low pressure area would form south of Mexico, assessing a 20% chance of tropical cyclogenesis within seven days.[1] By two days later, the NHC increased the potential for development to 70% – this was related to a tropical wave south of Mexico producing an area of thunderstorms, known as convection.[2] On October 2, the convection became more concentrated, supported by favorable environmental conditions, and a low pressure area developed.[3][4] At 09:00 UTC on October 3, the NHC initiated advisories on Tropical Storm Lidia, due to sufficient organization of the weather system. By that time, the thunderstorms had organized into curved rainbands, and the low pressure area had evolved into a well-defined circulation producing sustained winds of at least 40 mph (65 km/h).[5]

Upon its formation, Lidia was expected to intensify to hurricane status within five days, due to sea surface temperatures of around 86 °F (30 °C) and ample moisture.[5] However, the presence of easterly wind shear was an early deterring factor, which displaced the convection from the center.[6] The thunderstorms continued to pulse over the center as Lidia moved north-northwestward, a path steered by a ridge over Mexico. Despite the wind shear, Lidia was able to continue to intensify.[7] By October 6, the storm turned toward the west, as the circulation become more closely aligned with the deepest convection, a sign of a maturing tropical cyclone.[8] Later that day, the wind shear nearly exposed the center from the thunderstorms, although the intensity had increased to just below hurricane-force, or winds of 74 mph (118 km/h). By that time, hurricane models had conflicting simulations for the future of Lidia. In the storm's immediate future, there was a consensus that a mid-latitude trough would steer the storm northward. Some computer models anticipated that the wind shear would remain strong enough to weaken the storm, while others predicted that Lidia would intensify as it moved toward the western coast of Mexico.[9]

On October 7, Lidia began its anticipated turn to the north. With the wind shear continuing to affect, there was still uncertainty in the storm's future. That day, the NHC forecast included a hurricane landfall in the Mexican state of Nayarit.[10] By October 8, Lidia's structure had become more organized, with the center under the deepest convection, and a mid-level eye forming.[11] The lower- and mid-level circulations were displaced, while the intrusion of drier air prevented more immediate intensification.[12][13] On October 9, Lidia began its turn to the northeast, influenced by the approaching mid-level trough, which provided more favorable upper-level support. Concurrently, the convection increased over the center, signaling the start of an intensifying trend, which the NHC expected would continue up to the coast.[14]

Satellite imagery of Lidia making landfall in western Mexico

Late on October 9, the Hurricane Hunters flew into Lidia, observing a developing inner core of the cyclone, with a central barometric pressure of 985 mbar (29.1 inHg).[15] Early on October 10, the storm intensified into a hurricane while located about 365 mi (590 km) southwest of Puerto Vallarta.[16] As Lidia approached the Mexican coast, it developed an eyewall as it intensified into a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.[17] It rapidly intensified to a Category 4 hurricane by 21:30 UTC on October 10,[18] making landfall two hours later near Las Penitas in the Mexican state of Jalisco, just south of Puerto Vallarta, with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). By that time, the eyewall was clearing out on satellite imagery. Once over land, Lidia rapidly weakened over the mountainous terrain of western Mexico. The eye quickly degraded and the convection diminished.[19] By 09:00 UTC on October 11, the storm lost its well-defined center, less than ten hours after landfall. Lidia's remnants continued northeastward across northern Mexico, producing a large area of rainfall.[20]

Preparations and impact

Pacific hurricanes with a wind speed of 140 mph (220 km/h) or higher at landfall
Hurricane Season Wind speed Ref.
Otis 2023 160 mph (260 km/h) [21]
Patricia 2015 150 mph (240 km/h) [22]
Madeline 1976 145 mph (230 km/h) [23]
Iniki 1992 [24]
Twelve 1957 140 mph (220 km/h) [25]
"Mexico" 1959 [25]
Kenna 2002 [26]
Lidia 2023 [27]

Schools were closed across 23 municipalities in Mexico.[28]

One person was killed in Punta Mita after strong winds caused by Lidia downed a tree on a van.[29] 12 flights were cancelled at Puerto Vallarta Airport, and the airport was closed on October 11.[30] Numerous trees were uprooted, some of which blocked Mexican Federal Highway 200, and 136 people were in shelters.[31] 23 temporary shelters were opened, and soldiers were deployed in Nayarit to respond to rescues.[28] Several rivers and streams overflowed, which inundated houses and forced the closure of a hospital in Autlan de Navarro.[32]

See also

References

  1. ^ Zelinsky (September 28, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  2. ^ Reinhart/Mahoney (September 30, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  3. ^ Papin (October 2, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  4. ^ Zelinsky (October 2, 2023). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Papin (October 3, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 1 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  6. ^ Kelly/Stevenson (October 3, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 3 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  7. ^ Kelly/Konarik (October 4, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 7 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  8. ^ Bucci (October 6, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 12 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  9. ^ Zelinsky/Delgado (October 6, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 15 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  10. ^ Hogsett/Berg (October 7, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 18 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  11. ^ Reinhart (October 8, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 20 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  12. ^ Cangialosi (October 9, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 23 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  13. ^ Brown (October 9, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 24 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  14. ^ John Cangialosi (October 9, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 26 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  15. ^ John Cangialosi (October 9, 2023). Tropical Storm Lidia Discussion Number 27 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  16. ^ Brown (October 10, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Discussion Number 28 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  17. ^ John Cangialosi (October 10, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Discussion Number 30 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  18. ^ Bucci/Brown (October 10, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  19. ^ Bucci (October 11, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Discussion Number 32 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  20. ^ Reinhart (October 11, 2023). Remnants of Lidia Discussion Number 33 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  21. ^ Brown, Daniel; Kelly, Larry (October 25, 2023). Hurricane Otis Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  22. ^ Kimberlain, Todd B.; Blake, Eric S.; Cangialosi, John P. (February 1, 2016). Hurricane Patricia (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  23. ^ Gunther, Emil B. (April 1977). "Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclones of 1976". Monthly Weather Review. 105 (4). Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center: 508–522. Bibcode:1977MWRv..105..508G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0508:EPTCO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  24. ^ The 1992 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season (PDF) (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 1993. Retrieved November 24, 2003.
  25. ^ a b Blake, Eric S; Gibney, Ethan J; Brown, Daniel P; Mainelli, Michelle; Franklin, James L; Kimberlain, Todd B; Hammer, Gregory R (2009). Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006 (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2024. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  26. ^ Franklin, James L. (December 26, 2002). Hurricane Kenna (PDF) (Report). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  27. ^ Bucci, Lisa; Brown, Daniel (October 10, 2023). Hurricane Lidia Intermediate Advisory Number 31A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  28. ^ a b Ortega, Alejandra Valenciano; Cancino, Karina; Mega, Emiliano Rodríguez; Cantú, Elda (October 8, 2023). "Tropical Storm Lidia Moves Inland in Mexico, Killing 1". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  29. ^ Ruano, Christian (2023-10-11). "Hurricane Lidia barrels inland after slamming Mexico coast; one dead". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  30. ^ "Puerto Vallarta Airport Canceled 12 Flights Due to Hurricane Lidia, Airport Expected to Close in Coming Hours". Puerto Vallarta News. 2023-10-10. Retrieved 2023-10-11.
  31. ^ "Hurricane Lidia slams Mexico's coast leaving widespread damage". Reuters. October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2023.
  32. ^ Sandoval, Por Anayeli Tapia; Morales, Olivia Vázquez Herreray; Tinoco, Omar (October 9, 2023). "Remanentes de Lidia y una onda tropical causarán fuertes lluvias, alerta el SMN | EN VIVO". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved October 12, 2023.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Lidia (2023).
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