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The '''Maarakeh bombing''' took place on 4 March 1985, a bomb exploded in a Shiite religious center ([[Hussainiya]]) in the southern Lebanese village of [[Maarakeh]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=1985-03-11|title=Border attack on Israeli troops shows rising Shiite ire|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0311/omeric.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0882-7729}}</ref> 15 people were killed, including two leaders of the [[Amal movement]] that was fighting Israel, and 55 were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Lebanon document - Letter from Lebanon|url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-180386/|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Question of Palestine|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=East|first=Americans for Justice in the Middle|url=https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=RjttAAAAMAAJ&q=%22maarakeh%22+%22searched%22&dq=%22maarakeh%22+%22searched%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10rGp8YTwAhVxqnEKHTlvBdcQ6AEwAXoECAEQAg|title=A J M E News|date=1980|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-04-01|title=Resistance remembered|url=https://www.executive-magazine.com/opinion/comment/resistance-remembered|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Executive Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=حجازي|first=فهد|url=https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=h1asDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA307&dq=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22+%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22+%221985%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNn7j3s5LwAhVIxIUKHR-TDhgQ6AEwBnoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22%20%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22%20%221985%22&f=false|title=لبنان من دويلات فينيقيا إلى فيدرالية الطوائف|date=2013-01-01|publisher=Al Manhal|isbn=9796500117294|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=أحمد|first=خليل، خليل|url=https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=mYOAbSB3PywC&pg=PA217&dq=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22+%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22+%221985%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNn7j3s5LwAhVIxIUKHR-TDhgQ6AEwB3oECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22%20%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22%20%221985%22&f=false|title=الكوميديا السياسية: وجوه في مرآتي|date=2006|publisher=AIRP|isbn=978-9953-36-873-3|language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=QjFtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22+%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22+%221985%22&dq=%22%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%22+%22%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%22+%221985%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwihwNuXtJLwAhUN6RoKHRmJCkA4ChDoATAHegQICRAC|title=المستقبل العربي|date=1985|publisher=مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية،|language=ar}}</ref>
The '''Maarakeh bombing''' took place on 4 March 1985, a bomb exploded in a Shiite religious center ([[Hussainiya]]) in the southern Lebanese village of [[Maarakeh]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=1985-03-11|title=Border attack on Israeli troops shows rising Shiite ire|work=Christian Science Monitor|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1985/0311/omeric.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0882-7729}}</ref> 15 people were killed, including two leaders of the [[Amal movement]] that was fighting Israel, and 55 were injured.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/>


== Background ==
== Background ==
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== Attack ==
== Attack ==
Less than 30 hours after Israeli troops had left,<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last=Boustany|first=Nora|date=1985-03-05|title=Blast Kills 12 In S. Lebanon|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/03/05/blast-kills-12-in-s-lebanon/23bdbe55-e2d6-4906-a9c7-e5d2853e767d/|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Reuters Archive Licensing|url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/357160|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Reuters Archive Licensing|language=en}}</ref> a thirty-pound bomb planted on the second floor of the [[Hussainiya]] exploded, during a meeting held to discuss the distribution of the relief and food supplies.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Wright|first=Robin|url=https://books.google.com.lb/books?id=PnSsF-hADhUC&pg=PA230&dq=%22maarakeh%22+%22searched%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10rGp8YTwAhVxqnEKHTlvBdcQ6AEwAHoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=%22maarakeh%22%20%22searched%22&f=false|title=Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam|date=2001-12-04|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-7432-3342-2|language=en}}</ref> Mohammed Saad and Khalil Jradi, two members of the Amal Movement, were also killed.<ref name=":12" /> Within an hour of the explosion, IDF troops raided the main hospital in Tyre, sabotaged its assets and arrested the director and 8 blood doners.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite news|last=Hijazi|first=Ihsan A.|date=1985-03-05|title=BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/world/blast-in-lebanon-kills-15-in-mosque.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Petran|first=Tabitha|url=http://archive.org/details/struggleoverleba00petr_0|title=The struggle over Lebanon|date=1987|publisher=New York : Monthly Review Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-85345-651-3}}</ref>
30 hours after Israeli troops had left, a thirty-pound bomb planted on the second floor of the [[Hussainiya]] exploded, during a meeting held to discuss the distribution of the relief and food supplies.<ref name=":1" />


⚫
== Aftermath ==
15 people were killed and 55 were injured. Among the dead were militants from the [[Amal Movement]]. Mohammed Saad, a guerrilla leader, died in the UN hospital at Naqura. Militant leader Khalil Jaradi died in the mosque.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2"/>
⚫
Lebanese radio stations asserted that the explosion was from a car that was booby-trapped, however earlier reports from the village said the bomb was planted on the second floor.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Hijazi|first=Ihsan A.|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1985-03-05|title=BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/world/blast-in-lebanon-kills-15-in-mosque.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> IDF officials also initially said that the explosion was caused by a car bomb, however [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon|UNIFL]] spokesman Timur Goksel, said this was impossible as the blast took place on the 2nd floor.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":03">{{Cite news|last=Boustany|first=Nora|date=1985-03-05|title=Blast Kills 12 In S. Lebanon|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/03/05/blast-kills-12-in-s-lebanon/23bdbe55-e2d6-4906-a9c7-e5d2853e767d/|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>


⚫
Amal leader [[Nabih Berri]] called Saad and Jradi "martyrs" and denounced the massacre, saying: "[Israel] pretend they don't want anything from Lebanon more that their peace. This is the Israeli peace." President [[Amine Gemayel]] summoned envoys of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, France and the United Kingdom to seek their support as members of the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] for a complaint against Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Facebook|last2=Twitter|last3=options|first3=Show more sharing|last4=Facebook|last5=Twitter|last6=LinkedIn|last7=Email|last8=URLCopied!|first8=Copy Link|last9=Print|date=1985-03-05|title=South Lebanon Blast Kills 2 Shia Leaders, 10 Others|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-05-mn-12391-story.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Prime Minister [[Rashid Karami]] said that Israel has "lost its nerve and panicked", and [[Hezbollah]] criticized the US and Israel.<ref name=":0" />
⚫
Within an hour of the explosion, Israeli troops raided the main hospital in Tyre, searching for residents of Maarakeh and arrested eight people.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Hijazi|first=Ihsan A.|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1985-03-05|title=BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/world/blast-in-lebanon-kills-15-in-mosque.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Petran|first=Tabitha|url=http://archive.org/details/struggleoverleba00petr_0|title=The struggle over Lebanon|date=1987|publisher=New York : Monthly Review Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-85345-651-3}}</ref>

⚫
== Aftermath ==
⚫
Lebanese radio stations asserted that the explosion was from a car that was booby-trapped, however earlier reports from the village said the bomb was planted on the second floor.<ref name=":2" /> IDF officials also initially said that the explosion was caused by a car bomb, however [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon|UNIFL]] spokesman Timur Goksel, said this was impossible as the blast took place on the 2nd floor.<ref name=":0" />


⚫
Israel denied any involvement. Coordinator of Israeli Affairs in Lebanon [[Uri Lubrani]] said the the bombing was part of an "internal conflict inside Amal".<ref name=":23">{{Cite news|last=Hijazi|first=Ihsan A.|date=1985-03-05|title=BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/world/blast-in-lebanon-kills-15-in-mosque.html|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
⚫
The spiritual head of Lebanese Shiites, sheikh [[Mohammad Mehdi Shamseddine]] called for a holy war, a "relentless jihad", against Israelis.<ref name=":2"/> Amal leader [[Nabih Berri]] called Saad and Jradi "martyrs" and denounced the massacre, saying: "[Israel] pretend they don't want anything from Lebanon more that their peace. This is the Israeli peace." President [[Amine Gemayel]] summoned envoys of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, France and the United Kingdom to seek their support as members of the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] for a complaint against Israel.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Facebook|last2=Twitter|last3=options|first3=Show more sharing|last4=Facebook|last5=Twitter|last6=LinkedIn|last7=Email|last8=URLCopied!|first8=Copy Link|last9=Print|date=1985-03-05|title=South Lebanon Blast Kills 2 Shia Leaders, 10 Others|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-05-mn-12391-story.html|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Prime Minister [[Rashid Karami]] said that Israel has "lost its nerve and panicked", and [[Hezbollah]] criticized the US and Israel.<ref name=":0" />


According to [[Robert Fisk]], French intelligence in Lebanon belived that Israel planted the bomb.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisk|first=Robert|url=http://archive.org/details/pitynationabduct00fisk|title=Pity the nation the abduction of Lebanon|date=1990|publisher=New York : Atheneum : Maxwell Macmillan International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-689-12105-0}}</ref>
Israel denied any invovled involvement, Coordinator of Israeli Affairs in Lebanon [[Uri Lubrani]] stated that "'I don't have the shadow of a doubt that what is involved here is an internal conflict inside Amal manifested in methods that are completely foreign to us."<ref name=":2" />


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 19:01, 23 April 2021

Maarakeh bombing
Ruins of the mosque
LocationMaarakeh, Southern Lebanon
Coordinates33°16′N 35°18′E / 33.267°N 35.300°E / 33.267; 35.300
Date4 March 1985
Attack type
Bombing
Deaths15
Injured55

The Maarakeh bombing took place on 4 March 1985, a bomb exploded in a Shiite religious center (Hussainiya) in the southern Lebanese village of Maarakeh.[1][2] 15 people were killed, including two leaders of the Amal movement that was fighting Israel, and 55 were injured.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Background

Israeli withdrawal plan

See also: South Lebanon conflict (1985-2000) § Israeli withdrawal to Security Zone

After it invaded Lebanon in 1982, Israel established a three-stage withdrawal plan. In February 1985, it implemented the first stage and relocated its forces south to the Litani river. On 3 March, one day before the attack, the cabinet approved the second stage.[1]

2 March raid

On 2 March, 800 Israeli soliders raided Maarakeh. They searched the village's "Hussainiya" while keeping the residents outside, and arrested 17 men.[9]

Attack

Less than 30 hours after Israeli troops had left,[10][11] a thirty-pound bomb planted on the second floor of the Hussainiya exploded, during a meeting held to discuss the distribution of the relief and food supplies.[12] Mohammed Saad and Khalil Jradi, two members of the Amal Movement, were also killed.[12] Within an hour of the explosion, IDF troops raided the main hospital in Tyre, sabotaged its assets and arrested the director and 8 blood doners.[10][13][14]

Aftermath

Lebanese radio stations asserted that the explosion was from a car that was booby-trapped, however earlier reports from the village said the bomb was planted on the second floor.[15] IDF officials also initially said that the explosion was caused by a car bomb, however UNIFL spokesman Timur Goksel, said this was impossible as the blast took place on the 2nd floor.[1][16]

Amal leader Nabih Berri called Saad and Jradi "martyrs" and denounced the massacre, saying: "[Israel] pretend they don't want anything from Lebanon more that their peace. This is the Israeli peace." President Amine Gemayel summoned envoys of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, France and the United Kingdom to seek their support as members of the UN Security Council for a complaint against Israel.[17][15] Prime Minister Rashid Karami said that Israel has "lost its nerve and panicked", and Hezbollah criticized the US and Israel.[1]

Israel denied any involvement. Coordinator of Israeli Affairs in Lebanon Uri Lubrani said the the bombing was part of an "internal conflict inside Amal".[18]

According to Robert Fisk, French intelligence in Lebanon belived that Israel planted the bomb.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Boustany, Nora (1985-03-05). "Blast Kills 12 In S. Lebanon". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  2. ^ "Border attack on Israeli troops shows rising Shiite ire". Christian Science Monitor. 1985-03-11. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  3. ^ "Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Lebanon document - Letter from Lebanon". Question of Palestine. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  4. ^ East, Americans for Justice in the Middle (1980). A J M E News.
  5. ^ "Resistance remembered". Executive Magazine. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  6. ^ حجازي, فهد (2013-01-01). لبنان من دويلات فينيقيا إلى فيدرالية الطوائف (in Arabic). Al Manhal. ISBN 9796500117294.
  7. ^ أحمد, خليل، خليل (2006). الكوميديا السياسية: وجوه في مرآتي (in Arabic). AIRP. ISBN 978-9953-36-873-3.
  8. ^ المستقبل العربي (in Arabic). مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية،. 1985.
  9. ^ Wright, Robin (2001-12-04). Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3342-2.
  10. ^ a b Boustany, Nora (1985-03-05). "Blast Kills 12 In S. Lebanon". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  11. ^ "Reuters Archive Licensing". Reuters Archive Licensing. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  12. ^ a b Wright, Robin (2001-12-04). Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-3342-2.
  13. ^ Hijazi, Ihsan A. (1985-03-05). "BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  14. ^ Petran, Tabitha (1987). The struggle over Lebanon. Internet Archive. New York : Monthly Review Press. ISBN 978-0-85345-651-3.
  15. ^ a b Hijazi, Ihsan A.; Times, Special To the New York (1985-03-05). "BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  16. ^ Boustany, Nora (1985-03-05). "Blast Kills 12 In S. Lebanon". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  17. ^ Facebook; Twitter; options, Show more sharing; Facebook; Twitter; LinkedIn; Email; URLCopied!, Copy Link; Print (1985-03-05). "South Lebanon Blast Kills 2 Shia Leaders, 10 Others". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-04-17. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ Hijazi, Ihsan A. (1985-03-05). "BLAST IN LEBANON KILLS 15 IN MOSQUE". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
  19. ^ Fisk, Robert (1990). Pity the nation the abduction of Lebanon. Internet Archive. New York : Atheneum : Maxwell Macmillan International. ISBN 978-0-689-12105-0.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maarakeh_bombing&oldid=1019511836"