1947 Mirpur massacre: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Tyler Durden (talk | contribs) linking page |
Tyler Durden (talk | contribs) →History: added note |
||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
Soon after [[British India]]'s independence, a [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|rebellion occurred]] in [[History of Poonch District|Poonch]] and Mirpur districts, and the [[Pakistani Army]] conceived a military plan to invade [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The military campaign was codenamed "Gulmarg" and the operation was assisted and guided by British military officers. Militants entered the city on the morning of November 25 and set several parts of the city on fire, causing chaos and turmoil across the city. |
Soon after [[British India]]'s independence, a [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|rebellion occurred]] in [[History of Poonch District|Poonch]] and Mirpur districts, and the [[Pakistani Army]] conceived a military plan to invade [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. The military campaign was codenamed "Gulmarg" and the operation was assisted and guided by British military officers. Militants entered the city on the morning of November 25 and set several parts of the city on fire, causing chaos and turmoil across the city. |
||
Women committed suicide by consuming poison before falling into the hands of the militants. Others also killed themselves. The estimates measure the death toll at over 20,000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ&pg=&redir_esc=y|title=Jammu and Kashmir|last=Gupta|first=Jyoti Bhusan Das|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer|year=|isbn=9789401192316|location=|pages=97|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koausa.org/massacres/mirpur.html|title=Kashmir History and Politics|last=|first=|date=|website=www.koausa.org|series=Extracted from a survivor Bal K. Gupta's accounts|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> A 'greatly shocked' [[Sardar Ibrahim]] painfully confirmed that Hindus were 'disposed of' in Mirpur in November 1947, although he does not mention any figures.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ|title=Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History|last=|first=|publisher=HarperCollins India|year=|isbn=9350298988|location=|pages=56|quote=|via=}}</ref>{{efn|{{citation |last1=Ibrahim Khan |first1=Muhammad |title=The Kashmir Saga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCtuAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Verinag |p=55}}: During the month of November, 1947, I went to Mirpur to see things there for myself. I visited, during the night, one Hindu refugee camp at Ali Baig—about 15 miles from Mirpur proper. Among the refugees I found some of my fellow lawyers in a pathetic condition. I saw them myself, sympathised with them and solemnly promised that they would be rescued and sent to Pakistan, from where they would eventually be sent out to India.... After a couple of days, when I visited the camp again to do my bit for them, I was greatly shocked to learn that all those people whom I had seen on the last occasion had been disposed of. I can only say that nothing in my life pained my conscience so much as did this incident.... Those who were in charge of those camps were duly dealt with but that certainly is no compensation to those whose near and dear ones were killed.}} |
Women committed suicide by consuming poison before falling into the hands of the militants. Others also killed themselves. The estimates measure the death toll at over 20,000.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ&pg=&redir_esc=y|title=Jammu and Kashmir|last=Gupta|first=Jyoti Bhusan Das|date=2012-12-06|publisher=Springer|year=|isbn=9789401192316|location=|pages=97|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koausa.org/massacres/mirpur.html|title=Kashmir History and Politics|last=|first=|date=|website=www.koausa.org|series=Extracted from a survivor Bal K. Gupta's accounts|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> A 'greatly shocked' [[Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan]] painfully confirmed that Hindus were 'disposed of' in Mirpur in November 1947, although he does not mention any figures.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ|title=Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History|last=|first=|publisher=HarperCollins India|year=|isbn=9350298988|location=|pages=56|quote=|via=}}</ref>{{efn|{{citation |last1=Ibrahim Khan |first1=Muhammad |title=The Kashmir Saga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCtuAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Verinag |p=55}}: During the month of November, 1947, I went to Mirpur to see things there for myself. I visited, during the night, one Hindu refugee camp at Ali Baig—about 15 miles from Mirpur proper. Among the refugees I found some of my fellow lawyers in a pathetic condition. I saw them myself, sympathised with them and solemnly promised that they would be rescued and sent to Pakistan, from where they would eventually be sent out to India.... After a couple of days, when I visited the camp again to do my bit for them, I was greatly shocked to learn that all those people whom I had seen on the last occasion had been disposed of. I can only say that nothing in my life pained my conscience so much as did this incident.... Those who were in charge of those camps were duly dealt with but that certainly is no compensation to those whose near and dear ones were killed.}}{{efn|According to a survivor, the prison guard at [[Ali Baig, Kashmir|Ali Baig]], who killed his victims with a butcher's knife chanting [[Six kalimas|kalima]], identified himself to Sardar Ibrahim as a soldier of Pakistan and a follower of [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] and said that he was following the orders of his superiors.{{citation |last=Gupta |first=Bal K. |title=Forgotten Atrocities: Memoirs of a Survivor of the 1947 Partition of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2BIAwAAQBAJ |year=2013 |publisher=Lulu.com |ISBN=978-1-257-91419-7 | pages=139|ref={{sfnref|Gupta, Forgotten Atrocities|2013}}}}{{citation |last=Bhagotra |first=R. K. |chapter=Escape from Death Seven Times |title=Ibid |year=2013 |origyear=first published in ''The Tawi Deepika'', 1987 |pages=123–125 }}}} |
||
By 1951, only 790 non-Muslims remained in areas that came to comprise Azad Kashmir; down from a previous population of 114,000 which used to live there. Many Hindus and Sikhs from Muzaffarabad and Mirpur not killed became displaced within Jammu and Kashmir. To their 'chagrin', the Indian government has not given them the status and associated benefits of internally displaced people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT160#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> |
By 1951, only 790 non-Muslims remained in areas that came to comprise Azad Kashmir; down from a previous population of 114,000 which used to live there. Many Hindus and Sikhs from Muzaffarabad and Mirpur not killed became displaced within Jammu and Kashmir. To their 'chagrin', the Indian government has not given them the status and associated benefits of internally displaced people.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT160#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|last=Snedden|first=Christopher|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> |
||
Revision as of 18:34, 5 April 2017
The Mirpur Massacre of 1947 was the killing of thousands of Hindu and Sikh refugees in Mirpur. It occurred on November 25.
History
Soon after British India's independence, a rebellion occurred in Poonch and Mirpur districts, and the Pakistani Army conceived a military plan to invade Jammu and Kashmir. The military campaign was codenamed "Gulmarg" and the operation was assisted and guided by British military officers. Militants entered the city on the morning of November 25 and set several parts of the city on fire, causing chaos and turmoil across the city.
Women committed suicide by consuming poison before falling into the hands of the militants. Others also killed themselves. The estimates measure the death toll at over 20,000.[1][2] A 'greatly shocked' Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan painfully confirmed that Hindus were 'disposed of' in Mirpur in November 1947, although he does not mention any figures.[3][a][b]
By 1951, only 790 non-Muslims remained in areas that came to comprise Azad Kashmir; down from a previous population of 114,000 which used to live there. Many Hindus and Sikhs from Muzaffarabad and Mirpur not killed became displaced within Jammu and Kashmir. To their 'chagrin', the Indian government has not given them the status and associated benefits of internally displaced people.[4]
See also
Notes
- ^ Ibrahim Khan, Muhammad (1990), The Kashmir Saga, Verinag, p. 55: During the month of November, 1947, I went to Mirpur to see things there for myself. I visited, during the night, one Hindu refugee camp at Ali Baig—about 15 miles from Mirpur proper. Among the refugees I found some of my fellow lawyers in a pathetic condition. I saw them myself, sympathised with them and solemnly promised that they would be rescued and sent to Pakistan, from where they would eventually be sent out to India.... After a couple of days, when I visited the camp again to do my bit for them, I was greatly shocked to learn that all those people whom I had seen on the last occasion had been disposed of. I can only say that nothing in my life pained my conscience so much as did this incident.... Those who were in charge of those camps were duly dealt with but that certainly is no compensation to those whose near and dear ones were killed.
- ^ According to a survivor, the prison guard at Ali Baig, who killed his victims with a butcher's knife chanting kalima, identified himself to Sardar Ibrahim as a soldier of Pakistan and a follower of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and said that he was following the orders of his superiors.Gupta, Bal K. (2013), Forgotten Atrocities: Memoirs of a Survivor of the 1947 Partition of India, Lulu.com, p. 139, ISBN 978-1-257-91419-7Bhagotra, R. K. (2013) [first published in The Tawi Deepika, 1987], "Escape from Death Seven Times", Ibid, pp. 123–125
References
- ^ Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan Das (2012-12-06). Jammu and Kashmir. Springer. p. 97. ISBN 9789401192316.
- ^ "Kashmir History and Politics". www.koausa.org. Extracted from a survivor Bal K. Gupta's accounts. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir, 2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History. HarperCollins India. p. 56. ISBN 9350298988.
- ^ Snedden, Christopher (2015). Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris. Oxford University Press.
  | This article about Pakistani history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |