Ontology language: Difference between revisions
m Capitalising short description "formal language used to construct ontologies" per WP:SDFORMAT (via Bandersnatch) |
|||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
* [[DOGMA]] (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications) |
* [[DOGMA]] (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications) |
||
* [[F-Logic]] (Frame Logic) |
* [[F-Logic]] (Frame Logic) |
||
* [[FO-dot]] (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions) |
|||
* [[Knowledge_Interchange_Format|KIF]] (Knowledge Interchange Format) |
* [[Knowledge_Interchange_Format|KIF]] (Knowledge Interchange Format) |
||
** [[Ontolingua]] based on KIF |
** [[Ontolingua]] based on KIF |
||
| Line 68: | Line 69: | ||
* [[Common Logic]] |
* [[Common Logic]] |
||
* [[CycL]] |
* [[CycL]] |
||
* [[FO-dot]] (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions) |
|||
* [[Knowledge Interchange Format|KIF]] |
* [[Knowledge Interchange Format|KIF]] |
||
Revision as of 10:25, 7 February 2022
 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
In computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative languages, are almost always generalizations of frame languages, and are commonly based on either first-order logic or on description logic.
Classification of ontology languages
Classification by syntax
Traditional syntax ontology languages
- Common Logic - and its dialects
- CycL
- DOGMA (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications)
- F-Logic (Frame Logic)
- FO-dot (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
- KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format)
- Ontolingua based on KIF
- KL-ONE
- KM programming language
- LOOM (ontology)
- OCML (Operational Conceptual Modelling Language)
- OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity)
- PLIB (Parts LIBrary)
- RACER
Markup ontology languages
These languages use a markup scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly with XML.
- DAML+OIL
- Ontology Inference Layer (OIL)
- Web Ontology Language (OWL)
- Resource Description Framework (RDF)
- RDF Schema (RDFS)
- SHOE
Controlled natural languages
Open vocabulary natural languages
Classification by structure (logic type)
Frame-based
Three languages are completely or partially frame-based languages.
Description logic-based
Description logic provides an extension of frame languages, without going so far as to take the leap to first-order logic and support for arbitrary predicates.
Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic based. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of:
- relation types for relations between concepts (classes)
- relation types for relations between individuals
- relation types for relations between individuals and classes
It also contains constructs to express queries and communicative intent.
First-order logic-based
Several ontology languages support expressions in first-order logic and allow general predicates.
- Common Logic
- CycL
- FO-dot (First-order logic extended with types, arithmetic, aggregates and inductive definitions)
- KIF
See also
- Domain theory
- Formal concept analysis
- Galois connection
- Lattice (order)
- List of knowledge representation languages
- Modeling language
- OntoUML
Notes
- ^ Kuhn, Tobias. "Attempto Controlled English as ontology language." REWERSE Annual Meeting. 2006.
- ^ www.executable-english.com
References
- Oscar Corcho, Asuncion Gomez-Perez, A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages (2000)
- Introduction to Description Logics – DL course by Enrico Franconi, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Italy