Ragnar Ulstein

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Ragnar Leif Ulstein (born 19 April 1920) is a Norwegian journalist and writer.

Early life and World War II

Ulstein was born in Ulstein, Sunnmøre, as the son of Johannes Olsson Ulstein (1879–1969) and Borghild Strand (1885–1964). He finished his secondary education at Volda in June 1940. Later that year he fled to the United Kingdom due to World War II and the German occupation of Norway. Here, Ulstein became a member of the Norwegian Independent Company 1 (NOR.I.C.1) (Norwegian: Kompani Linge), led by Martin Linge. He participated in the Operation Anklet, a raid at Reine in December 1941. After the raid he returned to the United Kingdom.[1] In 1943 he was a part of the failed operation Vestige I, which involved placing limpet mines on ships in Svelgen harbor. The actual mine placing was performed by Harald Svindseth, but the explosives went off too early, and the ship was docked instead of sinking. Participants in Vestige I fled to England.[2] In 1944 Ulstein was tasked with returning to work as an instructor for Milorg in Sogn og Fjordane. He came via Shetland and landed near Florø together with Harald Svindseth.[3][4] Svindseth built up a Milorg subgroup near Svelgen with the codename Snowflake, whereas Ulstein led the group Siskin.[4] Siskin's basecamp was at Fosskamben in Sogndalsdalen. Important local contacts were Olav Rise in Leikanger as well as Nils Knagenhjelm and Hans H. H. Heiberg in Kaupanger. Norwegian Independent Company 1 men Nils Fjeld and Nils Thorsvik also participated, sharing the military command with Ulstein. Various incidents in February 1945 spelled the end of Siskin. Some, including Olav Rise, were arrested, whereas Ulstein managed to flee from Sogndalsdalen. German forces approached Fosskamben, but local residents secretly slowed down their travel, giving Siskin members time to hide a large weapons cache and to escape. Ulstein, Heiberg and Knagenhjelm met in Fjærland.[5] A new base was started in Frønningen. At most, 480 people had some connection to it. It did not remain operative for long, as it was disbanded at the liberation of Norway on 8 May 1945. Then, Ulstein and 72 others travelled to Gaular to assist the dethroning of German forces.[6] For his war contributions Ulstein was decorated with the St. Olav's Medal with two oak branches, the British Military Medal, the Defence Medal 1940 – 1945, and the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal.[1]

Post-war life

After the war Ulstein participated in the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany.[1] When returning to Norway he was editor-in-chief of the newspaper Fjordabladet from 1948 to 1949.[4] He was an active writer. He co-edited the official two-volume work on the NOR.I.C.1 company, Kompani Linge, issued in 1948, together with Erling Jensen and Per Ratvik.[1] The books had introductions by both King Haakon and Milorg leader Jens Christian Hauge.[7][8] Ulstein worked as an editor for Filmavisen, and from 1954 as a journalist for various newspapers, including Bergens Tidende and Sunnmørsposten.[1]

He made his fiction debut in 1961 with the novel Harpegjengen.[9] He later wrote several documentary books on Norwegian resistance during Wold War II. The two-volume book Englandsfarten (Volume I, 1965 and Volume II, 1967) covered the traffic between Norway and United Kingdom during the early part of the war,[10][11] while Svensketrafikken (three volumes, 1974, 1975 and 1977) covered traffic of refugees from Norway to Sweden during the occupation.[9] He wrote a three volume book set on military intelligence in Norway between 1940 and 1945, Etterretningstjenesten i Norge 1940-45 (1989, 1990, 1992),[1] including activities from Special Intelligence Service agents covering German naval operations, as well as activities from XU and other organizations.[12][13][14]

Ulstein was also involved in the Liberal Party in Ålesund.[1] In 1972 he chaired the county chapter of Ja til EF.[15] He married Jenny Hermine Akselsen in 1951.[1]

Honours and awards

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Rødland, Kjartan. "Ragnar Ulstein". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  2. ^ "Krigshistoria i Bremanger". Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  3. ^ "Krigsåra 1940–1945 i Sogn og Fjordane". Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "Ragnar Ulstein". Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  5. ^ "Milorg-basen i Sogndalsdalen". Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  6. ^ "Milorg i Frønningen". Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia (in Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  7. ^ Erling Jensen, Per Ratvik, Ragnar Ulstein, ed. (1948). Kompani Linge (in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  8. ^ Erling Jensen, Per Ratvik, Ragnar Ulstein, ed. (1948). Kompani Linge (in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Gyldendal.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  9. ^ a b Henriksen, Petter, ed. (2007). "Ragnar Ulstein". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  10. ^ Ulstein, Ragnar (1965). Englandsfarten. Alarm i Ålesund (in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Det norske Samlaget.
  11. ^ Ulstein, Ragnar (1967). Englandsfarten. Søkelys mot Bergen (in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Det norske Samlaget.
  12. ^ Ulstein, Ragnar (1989). Etterretningstjenesten i Norge 1940-45. Bind I: Amatørenes tid (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen.
  13. ^ Ulstein, Ragnar (1990). Etterretningstjenesten i Norge 1940-45. Bind II: Harde år (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen.
  14. ^ Ulstein, Ragnar (1992). Etterretningstjenesten i Norge 1940-45. Bind III: Nettet strammes (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen.
  15. ^ "SP-tillitsmenn i JA-aksjonen". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). 3 May 1972.

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