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A '''stint''' is one of several very small [[wader]]s in the [[paraphyletic]] ''"Calidris"'' assemblage - often separated in ''Erolia'' -, which in [[North America]] are known as '''peeps'''. They are [[Scolopacidae|scolopacid]] waders much similar in [[ecomorphology]] to their distant relatives, the [[charadrii]]d [[Charadriidae|plovers]]. |
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Some of these [[bird]]s are difficult to identify because of the similarity between species, and various breeding, non-breeding, juvenile and moulting plumages. In addition, some plovers are also similarly patterned, especially in winter. With a few exceptions, stints usually have a fairly stereotypical color pattern, being brownish above and lighter - usually white - on much of the underside. The breast sides are almost{{Verify source|date=January 2008}} always colored like the upperside, and there is usually a lighter [[supercilium]] above brownish cheeks. Notably, golden or orangey colors - common in plovers - are absent{{Verify source|date=January 2008}}.<!-- double-check Helm guides, not HBW - different plumages! --> |
Some of these [[bird]]s are difficult to identify because of the similarity between species, and various breeding, non-breeding, juvenile and moulting plumages. In addition, some plovers are also similarly patterned, especially in winter. With a few exceptions, stints usually have a fairly stereotypical color pattern, being brownish above and lighter - usually white - on much of the underside. The breast sides are almost{{Verify source|date=January 2008}} always colored like the upperside, and there is usually a lighter [[supercilium]] above brownish cheeks. Notably, golden or orangey colors - common in plovers - are absent{{Verify source|date=January 2008}}.<!-- double-check Helm guides, not HBW - different plumages! --> |
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==Systematics and taxonomy== |
==Systematics and taxonomy== |
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India is very good country. |
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The [[genus]] ''Calidris'' is not [[monophyletic]] in its traditional delimitations and should be restricted to the stout [[Red Knot]] and its allies. The genus ''Erolia'' was often used for the stints ever since it was proposed by [[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot]] in 1816. However, the [[type species]] of ''Erolia'' is the [[Curlew Sandpiper]], which is not traditionally included among the stints. |
The [[genus]] ''Calidris'' is not [[monophyletic]] in its traditional delimitations and should be restricted to the stout [[Red Knot]] and its allies. The genus ''Erolia'' was often used for the stints ever since it was proposed by [[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot]] in 1816. However, the [[type species]] of ''Erolia'' is the [[Curlew Sandpiper]], which is not traditionally included among the stints. |
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Revision as of 13:07, 9 July 2012
| Stints | |
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| Semipalmated Sandpipers ("Calidris" pusilla) | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Suborder: | Scolopaci
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| Genus: | "Calidris" (partim, and see text)
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| Species | |
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Typically 9, see text | |
A stint is one of several very small waders in the paraphyletic "Calidris" assemblage - often separated in Erolia -, which in North America are known as peeps. They are scolopacid waders much similar in ecomorphology to their distant relatives, the charadriid plovers.
Some of these birds are difficult to identify because of the similarity between species, and various breeding, non-breeding, juvenile and moulting plumages. In addition, some plovers are also similarly patterned, especially in winter. With a few exceptions, stints usually have a fairly stereotypical color pattern, being brownish above and lighter - usually white - on much of the underside. The breast sides are almost[verification needed] always colored like the upperside, and there is usually a lighter supercilium above brownish cheeks. Notably, golden or orangey colors - common in plovers - are absent[verification needed].
Systematics and taxonomy
The genus Calidris is not monophyletic in its traditional delimitations and should be restricted to the stout Red Knot and its allies. The genus Erolia was often used for the stints ever since it was proposed by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816. However, the type species of Erolia is the Curlew Sandpiper, which is not traditionally included among the stints.
No firm consensus has been reached on the Curlew Sandpiper's phylogenetic status (i.e., what its closest relatives are) and hence Erolia cannot be exactly delimited at present. This notwithstanding, the stints together with a few slightly more distinct calidrids would indeed warrant separation as a distinct genus. The Sanderling, sometimes placed in Crocethia, is among these and it may be that this genus name would apply.[1]
The species usually considered stints/peeps are:
- Semipalmated Sandpiper, Calidris pusilla or Erolia pusilla
- Western Sandpiper, Calidris mauri or Erolia mauri
- Red-necked Stint, Calidris ruficollis or Erolia ruficollis
- Little Stint, Calidris minuta or Erolia minuta
- Temminck's Stint, Calidris temminckii or Erolia temminckii
- Long-toed Stint, Calidris subminuta or Erolia subminuta
- Least Sandpiper, Calidris minutilla or Erolia minutilla
- White-rumped Sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis or Erolia fuscicollis
- Baird's Sandpiper, Calidris bairdii or Erolia bairdii
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Thomas et al. (2004)
References
- Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamás (2004): A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. BMC Evol. Biol. 4: 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28 PMID 15329156 PDF fulltext Supplementary Material