Tel Rumeida: Difference between revisions
Electronic Intifada is not RS, so I am replacing it. If you object to this as IR then I will revert and wait a day |
|||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
[[File:שכונת "אדמות ישי" בחברון.JPG|thumb|Playground at Tel Rumedia]] |
[[File:שכונת "אדמות ישי" בחברון.JPG|thumb|Playground at Tel Rumedia]] |
||
Prior to the [[Second Intifada]], the [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] Abu Haikal family farmed their land in this area. As violence increased, however, the [[Israeli military]] interfered with & ultimately banned the family from farming.<ref name="Electronic_Intifada">{{cite news |url=http://electronicintifada.net/content/war-and-irony-hebron-hilltops/6812 |title=War & Irony In Hebron Hilltops |publisher=Electronic Intifada |date=15 March 2007 |accessdate=24 March 2015}}</ref>{{or|date=September 2015}}{{rs|date=September 2015}} |
|||
During the period of the British Mandate the area of Tel Rumeida was an Islamic [[waqf]] property rented out to a Jewish association and managed by a Jewish farming family. In 1948 the land came under the control of the Jordanian government. The family of Abu Haikel, who had given sanctuary to Jews during the 1929 Hebron massacre, rented the property in turn from the Jewish association. In 1967 it was classified under the Israeli Absentee Property Law when Israel occupied the West Bank, but the Abu Haikel family had, by virtue of their lease, obtained the status of protected tenants.<ref>Haaretz Editorial [http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.567898 'Hebron Dig: Annexation in the Guise of Archaeology,'] [[Haaretz]]10 January, 2014 </ref> <ref>[http://www.cpt.org/cptnet/2014/03/27/al-khalil-hebron-settlers-attempt-construction-new-access-path-tel-rumeida 'Settlers attempt construction of new access path at Tel Rumeida,'][[Christian Peacemakers Team]] 27 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://blog.eappi.org/2014/03/24/land-grab-in-the-name-of-archaeology/ 'Land grab in the name of archaeology,'] [[Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel|EAPPI]] 24 March 2014.</ref> The Haikel's land is subject to increasing encroachment by settlers on the basis of an archaeological claim. |
|||
According to Ehud Sprinzak, an Israeli [[counterterrorism]] specialist and expert in far-right Jewish groups,<ref name=Sprinzak>{{cite news|title=Ehud Sprinzak, 62; Studied Israel Far Right|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/12/world/ehud-sprinzak-62-studied-israel-far-right.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 November 2002}}</ref>"a small number of very radical Jewish families" settled in the area in the mid-1980s.<ref name="Sprinzak2"/> Settlers purposefully provoke Palestinian residents. Palestinians cannot adequately defend themselves, because the [[Human settlement|settlement]] is defended by an entire company of the [[Israeli Defense Force]].<ref name="Sprinzak2" >Ehud Sprinzak, 'Israel's Radical Right and the Countdown to Rabin's Assassination,' in Yoram Peri (ed.), [https://books.google.it/books?id=4Vna5R9K3ogC&pg=PA104 ''The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin,''] Stanford University Press 2000 pp.104-.</ref> |
According to Ehud Sprinzak, an Israeli [[counterterrorism]] specialist and expert in far-right Jewish groups,<ref name=Sprinzak>{{cite news|title=Ehud Sprinzak, 62; Studied Israel Far Right|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/12/world/ehud-sprinzak-62-studied-israel-far-right.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 November 2002}}</ref>"a small number of very radical Jewish families" settled in the area in the mid-1980s.<ref name="Sprinzak2"/> Settlers purposefully provoke Palestinian residents. Palestinians cannot adequately defend themselves, because the [[Human settlement|settlement]] is defended by an entire company of the [[Israeli Defense Force]].<ref name="Sprinzak2" >Ehud Sprinzak, 'Israel's Radical Right and the Countdown to Rabin's Assassination,' in Yoram Peri (ed.), [https://books.google.it/books?id=4Vna5R9K3ogC&pg=PA104 ''The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin,''] Stanford University Press 2000 pp.104-.</ref> |
||
Revision as of 20:56, 26 September 2015
Tel Rumeida (Hebrew: תל רומיידה) is an archaeological tell in the West Bank believed to be the location of biblical Hebron.[1] It is also the location of an Israeli settlement.[2]
Archaeology
The occupational sequence at Tell Rumeida is very similar to Jerusalem. During the Early Bronze III and Middle Bronze II periods, there was a fortified city at the site. No Late Bronze Age, Iron Age I or IIA cities have been found there. Above the EBIII and MBII fortified city are 8th-century BC four room houses. Fragments of jars and burnished vessels may suggest that there was a small-scale occupation.[3]
Modern era
In 1807, an Sephardic immigrant from Egypt, Rabbi Haim Yeshua Hamitzri (Haim the Jewish Egyptian) purchased 5 dunams on the periphery of the Old City, and, in 1811, signed two lease contracts for 800 dunams of land, among which were 4 plots at Tel Rumeida of which four plots were at Tel Rumeida. The duration of the lease was 99 years. Since his descendent Haim Bajaio, the last Sephardic rabbi in the city, administered it after the Jews left Hebron, it is believed that the lease must have have been renewed. These properties were appropriated by the Jordanian government in 1948, and the Israeli government in 1967. It is on the basis of the original lease taken out for 99 years by Haim Yeshia Hamitzri that settlers, non of whom is related to the original leasee, then asserted a claim to the land in Tel Rumeida, a claim dismissed by the real heirs such as Haim Hanegbi, a founder of Matzpen, who argue that settlers in Hebron have no right to speak in the name of the old Jewish families of the city.[4][5]
During the period of the British Mandate the area of Tel Rumeida was an Islamic waqf property rented out to a Jewish association and managed by a Jewish farming family. In 1948 the land came under the control of the Jordanian government. The family of Abu Haikel, who had given sanctuary to Jews during the 1929 Hebron massacre, rented the property in turn from the Jewish association. In 1967 it was classified under the Israeli Absentee Property Law when Israel occupied the West Bank, but the Abu Haikel family had, by virtue of their lease, obtained the status of protected tenants.[6] [7][8] The Haikel's land is subject to increasing encroachment by settlers on the basis of an archaeological claim.
According to Ehud Sprinzak, an Israeli counterterrorism specialist and expert in far-right Jewish groups,[9]"a small number of very radical Jewish families" settled in the area in the mid-1980s.[10] Settlers purposefully provoke Palestinian residents. Palestinians cannot adequately defend themselves, because the settlement is defended by an entire company of the Israeli Defense Force.[10]
Under Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli government proposed closing down the illegal settlement at Tel Rumieda after the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre. Far-right Rabbis moved to block evacuation of the settlements by issuing an Halakhic ruling against removal of settlements in Eretz Israel. The collective influence of the settlers and their Rabbis persuaded Prime Minister Rabin to back down.[10]
In August 1998, Rabbi Shlomo Ra'anan was stabbed and killed by Hamas operative in his home at Tel Rumeida. The attacker then set the house on fire by throwing a Molotov cocktail.[11]
In 2005, violence against Palestinians in Hebron most frequently originated with the illegal settlement at Tel Rumieda. The Abu Haikel family is reported to be harassed many times.[12] A Palestinian resident who refused lucrative offers for her home, has stated that settlers have used home-made napalm to poison their fields, continually burn their cars, and destroy their agricultural tools.[13]
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.[14]
Notable residents
See also
References
- ^ Michael Dumper; Bruce Stanley (2006). Cities of The Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 167. ISBN 978-1576079195.
- ^ Karin Aggestam (2005). "4. TIPH: Preventing Conflict Escalation in Hebron?". In Clive Jones, Ami Pedahzur (ed.). Between Terrorism and Civil War: The Al-Aqsa Intifada. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 0415348242.
- ^ Herzog, Ze'ev; Singer-Avitz, Lily (September 2004). "Redefining the Centre: The Emergence of State in Judah". Tel Aviv: Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University. 31 (2). Maney Publishing: 219–220.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Edward Platt, City of Abraham: History, Myth and Memory: A Journey through Hebron, Pan Macmillan 2012 pp.79ff.p.129
- ^ Michelle Campos, 'Remembering Jewish-Arab Contact and Conflict,' in Mark LeVine (ed.),[Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel-Palestine,] Rowman & Littlefield, 2007 p.40.[original research?]
- ^ Haaretz Editorial 'Hebron Dig: Annexation in the Guise of Archaeology,' Haaretz10 January, 2014
- ^ 'Settlers attempt construction of new access path at Tel Rumeida,'Christian Peacemakers Team 27 March 2014.
- ^ 'Land grab in the name of archaeology,' EAPPI 24 March 2014.
- ^ "Ehud Sprinzak, 62; Studied Israel Far Right". The New York Times. 12 November 2002.
- ^ a b c Ehud Sprinzak, 'Israel's Radical Right and the Countdown to Rabin's Assassination,' in Yoram Peri (ed.), The Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Stanford University Press 2000 pp.104-.
- ^ Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles in terror : the guide to Middle East terrorist organizations. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 138. ISBN 9780742535251.
- ^ Kathleen Kern, 'As Resident Aliens: Christian Peacemaker Teams in the West Bank, 1995-2005,' Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2010 pp.25f.n.18, pp.247-8
- ^ Michael McRay, Letters from "Apartheid Street": A Christian Peacemaker in Occupied Palestine, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013 p.26.
- ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.