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{{Infobox person |
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|name = Eunice Verdell Rivers Laurie |
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|othername = Eunice Rivers |
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|image = |
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|alt = |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|11|12}}<ref name="bwa">{{cite web | url=http://kathmanduk2.wordpress.com/2011/08/24/black-women-in-america-eunice-rivers-laurie/ | title=Black Women in America: Eunice Rivers Laurie | publisher=Beautiful, Also, Are the Souls of my Black Sisters | date=21 August 2011 | accessdate=24 May 2014}}</ref> |
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|birth_place = |
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|08|28|1899|11|12}} |
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|death_place = |
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|nationality = American |
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|occupation = nurse |
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|known_for = medical study coordinator |
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|education = |
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|alma_mater = |
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|religion = |
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|spouse = Julius Laurie |
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|children = |
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}} |
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'''Eunice Verdell Rivers Laurie''' (1899-1986) was an [[African American]] nurse who worked in the state of [[Alabama]]. She is best known for her work as the coordinator of the [[Tuskegee syphilis experiment]] from 1932 to 1972.<ref name="smith">{{cite journal | url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jowh/summary/v008/8.1.smith.html | title=Neither Victim nor Villain: Nurse Eunice Rivers, the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, and Public Health Work | author=Smith, Susan L. | journal=Journal of Women's History | year=1996 | volume=8 | issue=1 | pages=95-113 | doi=10.1353/jowh.2010.0446}}</ref> |
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==Early life and education== |
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Born into a farming family in rural Georgia in 1899, Eunice Verdell Rivers was the oldest of 3 daughters. She attended [[Tuskegee Institute]]'s School of Nursing and graduated in 1922.<ref name="smith" /> |
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==Career== |
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Beginning in January 1923, Rivers worked for the [[Tuskegee Institute]] Movable School, which "provided adult education programs in agriculture, home economics, and health." As a result of this traveling work, she became a trusted health authority for African-American farming families in the area around [[Tuskegee, Alabama]].<ref name="smith" /> |
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In her work with the Movable School, Rivers was technically an employee of the Alabama Bureau of Child Welfare. Beginning in 1926, the state transferred her to working with the Bureau of Vital Statistics, where her projects included improving birth and death registration; regulating and training midwives; and reducing infant mortality.<ref name="smith" /> This work also involved substantial amounts of travel to interact with African Americans in rural Alabama. |
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===Tuskegee syphilis study=== |
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Beginning in 1932, Rivers worked for the United States Public Health Service on ''The Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male in Macon County, Alabama,'' popularly known as the [[Tuskegee syphilis experiment]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/16/tv/first-do-no-harm-a-nurse-and-the-deceived-subjects-of-the-tuskegee-study.html | title=First, Do No Harm: a Nurse And the Deceived Subjects Of the Tuskegee Study | work=New York Times | date=16 February 1997 | accessdate=24 May 2014 | author=Marriott, Michel}}</ref> She recruited 399 African-American men with syphilis for the study and worked to keep them enrolled as participants in the program. In return for their participation, the study offered participants free medical care, which Nurse Rivers provided. She was the experiment's only consistent full-time staff member.<ref name="nyt" /> |
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Although the study was initially planned to run only 3 months, it eventually extended to 40 years.<ref name="bernal">{{cite news | url=http://www.thetuskegeenews.com/articles/2013/03/14/news/doc514091926df49825581747.txt | title=Rivers’ role: A deeper look into nurse Eunice Rivers Laurie | work=The Tuskegee News | date=14 March 2013 | accessdate=24 May 2014 | author=Bernal, Ethan}}</ref> During the entire study, the participants were not informed that the ailment they called "bad blood" was actually [[syphilis]], even after the 1940s when the discovery of [[penicillin]] offered a cure for the disease.<ref name="nyt" /><ref name="bernal" /> |
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Historians have offered a variety of interpretations for why Rivers continued her role in a project that, by modern standards of [[medical ethics]], was completely unethical. |
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==Later life== |
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In 1977, Rivers was interviewed for the Black Women Oral History Project.<ref name="bwohp">{{cite interview | title=Black Women Oral History Project. Interviews, 1976-1981. Eunice Laurie. OH-31. | date=10 October 1977 | accessdate=24 May 2014 | last=Laurie | first=Eunice | interviewer=A. Lillian Thompson, Tuskegee, Alabama | program=Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University | city=Cambridge, Massachusetts| url=http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/45173970}}</ref> She died in 1986. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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===Additional resources=== |
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* {{cite web | url=http://www.examiningtuskegee.com/gallery_nurserivers.html | title=Gallery: Nurse Eunice Verdell Rivers Laurie | work=Examining Tuskegee | date=2009 | accessdate=24 May 2014 | author=Reverby, Susan}} |
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* {{cite book | title=Examining Tuskegee: the infamous syphilis study and its legacy | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | author=Reverby, Susan | year=2009 | location=Chapel Hill | isbn=9780807833100}} |
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{{stub}} |
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{{Women's-History-stub}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Laurie, Eunice Verdell Rivers |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Eunice Rivers |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American nurse |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = November 12, 1899 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = August 28, 1986 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Laurie, Eunice Verdell Rivers}} |
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[[Category:1899 births]] |
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[[Category:1986 deaths]] |
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[[Category:African American people]] |
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[[Category:Nurses]] |
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