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The '''Transcaspian Canal''' ({{lang-ru|Транскаспийский канал}}) was a proposed canal to divert the [[Amu Darya]] River from the [[Aral Sea]] and into the [[Caspian Sea]]. It was first proposed by [[Russian Empire|Tsarist]] engineers and later considered by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] engineers. |
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Proponents argued that the project would return the Amu Darya into its supposed old bed. Several other similar proposals were made in the early 20th century, including a Kazakh-Turkestan Canal to connect [[Kazakhstan]] with the [[Black Sea]].{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=257}} The projects were not seriously considered after the late-1920s, when a campaign was launched to ridicule "fantastic" hydraulic projects.{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=261}} In 1928, over a dozen hydraulic engineers operating in Central Asia were tried for mismanaging the irrigation system and devising unrealistic projects. |
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== History == |
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[[File:Ризенкампф.jpg|thumb|Rizenkampf (1886–1943) was one of the most ardent supporters of building a transcaspian canal]] |
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Multiple suggestions were put forward for the construction of a [[Trans-Caspia|transcaspian]] canal. The who supported the project believed it would return "the [Khivan] oasis to cultured life".{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=256-257}} |
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Among the initial proposals was one presented by Aleksandr Glukhovskoi in 1868.{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=39}} He argued that such a canal would allow ships sailing down the [[Volga]] to reach [[Tashkent]] via [[Bukhara]]. Many of Glukhovskoi's original reports and proposals were lost during the [[Russian Civil War]] and a 1924 flood.{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=257}} |
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After the [[October Revolution]], Georgii Rizenkampf ({{lang-de|Georgi Riesenkampff}}) proposed to build a 1,600-km (1,500-[[verst]]) canal stretching from the upper reaches of the Amu Darya in [[Afghanistan]] through the [[Karakum Desert]] in Turkmenistan all the way to the Caspian sea.{{sfn|Kadyrov|2019|p=34-35}} In 1921, Rizenkampf published a 84-page book entitled "Trans-Kaspiiskii kanal (Problema orosheniia Zakaspiia)" ({{lang-ru|Транс-Каспийский канал (Проблема орошения Закаспия)}}) justifying the construction of a transcaspian canal. Arguing that the canal would support the growing of cotton, he predicted cotton would be the "fulcrum of life in Transcaspia".{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=257}} |
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In June 1925, the Water Section of the State Planning Committee discussed the project. Among the plans considered was one made by Gluvoskoi in 1893.{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=257}} However, by the late 1920s, a campaign was launched to ridicule such plans. In February and March 1928, 23 hydraulic engineers and water managers working in Central Asia, including those who had proposed a transcaspian canal, were tried in Tashkent. At the time the ''[[London Times]]'' reported that "Until recently the authorities in Moscow boasted of these 'fantastic projects,', but now apparently they need scapegoats to mollify the native population."<ref>{{cite news |title=Trial of Soviet Officials: Charges of corruption in Central Asia |work=[[Times of London]] |issue=44812 |date=8 February 1928 |location=Riga |page=13}}</ref> Historian Maya K. Peterson similarly argued that the trial was aimed to "distract from Soviet failings and fins scapegoats".{{sfn|Peterson|2019|p=260}} |
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== See also == |
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* [[Eurasia Canal]] |
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==References== |
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===Citations=== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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===Sources=== |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Kadyrov |first1=Abrar |title=Дума о воде – взгляд в былое и немного о будущем |date=2011 |publisher=Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia |location=Tashkent |url=http://www.cawater-info.net/library/rus/kadyrov_2011_ru.pdf |access-date=4 April 2024 |language=Russian}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Maya K. |title=Pipe Dreams: Water and Empire in Central Asia's Aral Sea Basin |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |isbn=978-1-108-46854-1 |url=https://books.google.ca/books/about/Pipe_Dreams.html?id=l3GSDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://gpntb.dlibrary.org/ru/nodes/2176-rizenkampf-g-k-trans-kaspiyskiy-kanal-problema-orosheniya-zakaspiya-m-1921#mode/inspect/page/1/zoom/4 Glukhovskoi's ''Transcaspian Canal'' (1921)] (in Russian) |
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<!-- [[Category:Proposed canals]] --> |
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Revision as of 19:36, 24 April 2024
| CEE 2022 | CEE 2023 | CEE 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formal Delegates | Malikxan * MiroJP | Jamshid Nurkulov * Kagansky | TBD |
| Other Delegates | Nataev | Artemev Nikolay |