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<blockquote>I was concentrating on [[German romantics]] and then I realised the German romantics would soon be overhead and I thought well, I really ought to do something better for the war effort.<ref>Smith, Michael. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war (p. 107). Biteback Publishing. Kindle Edition.</ref> </blockquote> |
<blockquote>I was concentrating on [[German romantics]] and then I realised the German romantics would soon be overhead and I thought well, I really ought to do something better for the war effort.<ref>Smith, Michael. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war (p. 107). Biteback Publishing. Kindle Edition.</ref> </blockquote> |
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She decided to interrupt her university studies. Originally, she applied to be a nurse, but discovered that her linguistic skills were in high demand.<ref name="theheroinecollective.com">{{cite news|access-date=18 March 2018|title=BIOGRAPHY: Mavis Batey – Code-Breaker – The Heroine Collective|url=http://www.theheroinecollective.com/mavis-batey/|newspaper=The Heroine Collective|date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
She decided to interrupt her university studies. Originally, she applied to be a nurse, but discovered that her linguistic skills were in high demand for war work.<ref name="theheroinecollective.com">{{cite news|access-date=18 March 2018|title=BIOGRAPHY: Mavis Batey – Code-Breaker – The Heroine Collective|url=http://www.theheroinecollective.com/mavis-batey/|newspaper=The Heroine Collective|date=2 September 2016}}</ref> |
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==Codebreaker== |
==Codebreaker== |
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{{See also|Women in Bletchley Park|Bletchley Park#Personnel}} |
{{See also|Women in Bletchley Park|Bletchley Park#Personnel}} |
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At first she was employed by the London Section to check the [[personal advertisement|personal columns]] of ''[[The Times]]'' for coded spy messages.<ref>Barwick, Sandra. ''A cracking time at Bletchley'' [[The Daily Telegraph]], 16 January 1999</ref> Then, in 1940, she was recruited to work as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park.<ref name="PG"/> She worked as an assistant to [[Dilly Knox]], and was closely involved in the decryption effort before the [[Battle of Cape Matapan|Battle of Matapan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Ludwig Bauer|title=Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9y9p2jP6pQC&pg=PA432|access-date=25 July 2013|date=January 2002|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-42674-5|page=432}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Hugh Sebag-Montefiore|title=Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLnEK-kBcQEC&pg=PT254|access-date=25 July 2013|date=21 July 2011|publisher=Orion|isbn=978-1-78022-123-6|page=254}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Alex Frame|title=Flying Boats: My Father's War in the Mediterranean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kWcncvokjUC&pg=PA183|access-date=25 July 2013|year=2007|publisher=Victoria University Press|isbn=978-0-86473-562-1|pages=183–4 note 91}}</ref> According to ''The Daily Telegraph'', she became so familiar with the styles of individual enemy operators that she could determine that two of them had a girlfriend called Rosa. Batey had developed a successful technique that could be used elsewhere.<ref name=tom>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11151478/Could-you-have-been-a-codebreaker-at-Bletchley-Park.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011071244/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11151478/Could-you-have-been-a-codebreaker-at-Bletchley-Park.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2014|title=Could you have been a codebreaker at Bletchley Park?|author=Tom Chivers|work=Daily Telegraph|date=12 October 2014|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref> |
Mavis Lever, as she was then) was recruited to work for the Secret Inteligence service ([[MI6]]). At first she was employed by the London Section to check the [[personal advertisement|personal columns]] of ''[[The Times]]'' for coded spy messages.<ref>Barwick, Sandra. ''A cracking time at Bletchley'' [[The Daily Telegraph]], 16 January 1999</ref> Then, in 1940, she was recruited to work as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park.<ref name="PG"/> She worked as an assistant to [[Dilly Knox]], a classical scholar and [[Papyrology|papyrologist]] from Cambridge University who was so eccentric that he forgot to invite two of his brothers to his wedding. He had been a codebreaker during World War I and had been |
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and was closely involved in the decryption effort before the [[Battle of Cape Matapan|Battle of Matapan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Ludwig Bauer|title=Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9y9p2jP6pQC&pg=PA432|access-date=25 July 2013|date=January 2002|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-42674-5|page=432}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Hugh Sebag-Montefiore|title=Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLnEK-kBcQEC&pg=PT254|access-date=25 July 2013|date=21 July 2011|publisher=Orion|isbn=978-1-78022-123-6|page=254}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Alex Frame|title=Flying Boats: My Father's War in the Mediterranean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kWcncvokjUC&pg=PA183|access-date=25 July 2013|year=2007|publisher=Victoria University Press|isbn=978-0-86473-562-1|pages=183–4 note 91}}</ref> According to ''The Daily Telegraph'', she became so familiar with the styles of individual enemy operators that she could determine that two of them had a girlfriend called Rosa. Batey had developed a successful technique that could be used elsewhere.<ref name=tom>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11151478/Could-you-have-been-a-codebreaker-at-Bletchley-Park.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011071244/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/11151478/Could-you-have-been-a-codebreaker-at-Bletchley-Park.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2014|title=Could you have been a codebreaker at Bletchley Park?|author=Tom Chivers|work=Daily Telegraph|date=12 October 2014|access-date=12 October 2014}}</ref> |
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Although Batey was just 19, she started working on the [[Italian Naval Enigma machine]], and by late March 1941 she effectively broke into their framework, deciphering a message which said "Today's the day minus three". She and her colleagues worked for three days and nights and discovered that the Italians were intending to assault a Royal Navy convoy transporting supplies from Cairo to Greece.<ref name="theheroinecollective.com"/><ref name=tele-obit/> The messages they deciphered provided a detailed plan of the Italian assault,<ref name="tandfonline.com">{{cite journal|first1=David H.|last1=Hamer|title=Review ofFrom Bletchley with Loveby Mavis Batey|journal=Cryptologia|pages=274–275|volume=33|issue=3|doi=10.1080/01611190902788825|year=2009|s2cid=40424009}}</ref> which led to the destruction by an Allied force of much of the Italian naval force off of Cape Matapan, on the coast of Greece. The leader of the Matapan attack, [[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope|Admiral Andrew Cunningham]], later visited Bletchley Park to thank Knox, Batey, and her fellow code-breakers for making his victory possible.<ref>Michael Smith. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war. Biteback Publishing 2011. p. 110. Kindle Edition.</ref> |
Although Batey was just 19, she started working on the [[Italian Naval Enigma machine]], and by late March 1941 she effectively broke into their framework, deciphering a message which said "Today's the day minus three". She and her colleagues worked for three days and nights and discovered that the Italians were intending to assault a Royal Navy convoy transporting supplies from Cairo to Greece.<ref name="theheroinecollective.com"/><ref name=tele-obit/> The messages they deciphered provided a detailed plan of the Italian assault,<ref name="tandfonline.com">{{cite journal|first1=David H.|last1=Hamer|title=Review ofFrom Bletchley with Loveby Mavis Batey|journal=Cryptologia|pages=274–275|volume=33|issue=3|doi=10.1080/01611190902788825|year=2009|s2cid=40424009}}</ref> which led to the destruction by an Allied force of much of the Italian naval force off of Cape Matapan, on the coast of Greece. The leader of the Matapan attack, [[Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope|Admiral Andrew Cunningham]], later visited Bletchley Park to thank Knox, Batey, and her fellow code-breakers for making his victory possible.<ref>Michael Smith. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war. Biteback Publishing 2011. p. 110. Kindle Edition.</ref> |
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In 2005, [[The Gardens Trust]] held the first Annual Mavis Batey Essay Prize, a competition geared towards international students who are enrolled in a university, institution of higher education or who have recently graduated from one.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://thegardenstrust.org/research/prize/|title=Mavis Batey Essay Prize|website=The Gardens Trust|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> The award celebrates Batey's achievements and advocacy in gardening.<ref name=":0" /> |
In 2005, [[The Gardens Trust]] held the first Annual Mavis Batey Essay Prize, a competition geared towards international students who are enrolled in a university, institution of higher education or who have recently graduated from one.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://thegardenstrust.org/research/prize/|title=Mavis Batey Essay Prize|website=The Gardens Trust|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> The award celebrates Batey's achievements and advocacy in gardening.<ref name=":0" /> |
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{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 16:53, 21 April 2024
Mavis Lilian Batey, MBE (née Lever; 5 May 1921 – 12 November 2013), was a British code-breaker during World War II. She was one of the leading female codebreakers at Bletchley Park.[1]
She later became a historian of gardening, who campaigned to save historic parks and gardens, and an author.[2] Batey was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal in 1985, and made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1987, in both cases for her work on the conservation of gardens.[3]
Early life
Mavis Lilian Lever was born on 5 May 1921[2] in Dulwich to her seamstress mother and postal worker father. She was brought up in Norbury and went to Coloma Convent Girls' School in Croydon.[4] She was studying German at University College, London at the outbreak of World War II:
I was concentrating on German romantics and then I realised the German romantics would soon be overhead and I thought well, I really ought to do something better for the war effort.[5]
She decided to interrupt her university studies. Originally, she applied to be a nurse, but discovered that her linguistic skills were in high demand for war work.[6]
Codebreaker
Mavis Lever, as she was then) was recruited to work for the Secret Inteligence service (MI6). At first she was employed by the London Section to check the personal columns of The Times for coded spy messages.[7] Then, in 1940, she was recruited to work as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park.[2] She worked as an assistant to Dilly Knox, a classical scholar and papyrologist from Cambridge University who was so eccentric that he forgot to invite two of his brothers to his wedding. He had been a codebreaker during World War I and had been
and was closely involved in the decryption effort before the Battle of Matapan.[8][9][10] According to The Daily Telegraph, she became so familiar with the styles of individual enemy operators that she could determine that two of them had a girlfriend called Rosa. Batey had developed a successful technique that could be used elsewhere.[11]
Although Batey was just 19, she started working on the Italian Naval Enigma machine, and by late March 1941 she effectively broke into their framework, deciphering a message which said "Today's the day minus three". She and her colleagues worked for three days and nights and discovered that the Italians were intending to assault a Royal Navy convoy transporting supplies from Cairo to Greece.[6][1] The messages they deciphered provided a detailed plan of the Italian assault,[12] which led to the destruction by an Allied force of much of the Italian naval force off of Cape Matapan, on the coast of Greece. The leader of the Matapan attack, Admiral Andrew Cunningham, later visited Bletchley Park to thank Knox, Batey, and her fellow code-breakers for making his victory possible.[13]
Apart from being a talented code-breaker (he had broken the Zimmermann Telegram in World War I), Knox was a noted classics scholar, and wrote a poem to celebrate the Allied success at Matapan. He included a stanza dedicated to Batey and the key role she had played in the victory:
"When Cunningham won at Matapan, By the grace of God and Mavis, 'Nigro simillima cygno est,' praise Heaven, A very 'rara avis.' " ("Like the black swan, she is, praise heaven, a very rare bird".) It was, she later said, "very heady stuff for a 19-year-old".[14]
In December 1941 she broke a message between Belgrade and Berlin that enabled Knox's team to work out the wiring of the Abwehr Enigma, an Enigma machine previously thought to be unbreakable.[4] Later, Batey broke another Abwehr machine, the GGG. This enabled the British to be able to read the Abwehr messages and confirm that the Germans believed the Double-Cross intelligence they were being fed by the double agents who were recruited by Britain as spies.[1]
While at Bletchley Park she met Keith Batey, a mathematician and fellow codebreaker, whom she married in 1942.[2][15]
Publications
Mavis Batey wrote a biography of Dilly Knox: ‘Dilly: The Man Who Broke Enigmas’. The book gives a summary of the government codes and cypher school's codebreaking operation in Bletchley Park. It also describes her code breaking of the Italian Enigma which contributed to the British Navy's success at the Battle of Cape Matapan.[12]
Later life and awards
Batey spent some time after 1945 in the Diplomatic Service, and then brought up three children: two daughters and a son.[16] She published a number of books on garden history, as well as some relating to Bletchley Park, and served as president of the Garden History Society, of which she became secretary in 1971.[16][17]
She was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal in 1985, and made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1987, in both cases for her work on the conservation of gardens.[18][3]
Batey, a widow since 2010, died on 12 November 2013 at age 92.[1][4][19]
In 2005, The Gardens Trust held the first Annual Mavis Batey Essay Prize, a competition geared towards international students who are enrolled in a university, institution of higher education or who have recently graduated from one.[20] The award celebrates Batey's achievements and advocacy in gardening.[20]
- ^ a b c d "Mavis Batey". The Daily Telegraph. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d Jackson, Sarah. "Mavis Batey: from codebreaker to campaigner for historic parks and gardens – Parks & Gardens UK". www.parksandgardens.org. p. 1. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ a b Jackson, Sarah. "Mavis Batey: from codebreaker to campaigner for historic parks and gardens – Parks & Gardens UK". www.parksandgardens.org. p. 4. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ^ a b c Smith, Michael (20 November 2013). "Mavis Batey". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
- ^ Smith, Michael. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war (p. 107). Biteback Publishing. Kindle Edition.
- ^ a b "BIOGRAPHY: Mavis Batey – Code-Breaker – The Heroine Collective". The Heroine Collective. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ^ Barwick, Sandra. A cracking time at Bletchley The Daily Telegraph, 16 January 1999
- ^ Friedrich Ludwig Bauer (January 2002). Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology. Springer. p. 432. ISBN 978-3-540-42674-5. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ Hugh Sebag-Montefiore (21 July 2011). Enigma. Orion. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-78022-123-6. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ Alex Frame (2007). Flying Boats: My Father's War in the Mediterranean. Victoria University Press. pp. 183–4 note 91. ISBN 978-0-86473-562-1. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ Tom Chivers (12 October 2014). "Could you have been a codebreaker at Bletchley Park?". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ a b Hamer, David H. (2009). "Review ofFrom Bletchley with Loveby Mavis Batey". Cryptologia. 33 (3): 274–275. doi:10.1080/01611190902788825. S2CID 40424009.
- ^ Michael Smith. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park codebreakers helped win the war. Biteback Publishing 2011. p. 110. Kindle Edition.
- ^ Michael Smith, "Mavis Batey obituary: Garden historian who was one of the top codebreakers at Bletchley Park during the second world war", The Guardian, 20 November 2013.
- ^ Francis H. Hinsley; Alan Stripp (2001). Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park. Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-19-280132-6. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ a b Edward Fawcett, The Genius of the Scene, Garden History Vol. 24, No. 1 (Summer, 1996), pp. 1–2. Published by: The Garden History Society. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1587088
- ^ Mavis Batey (1996). Essays in Honour of Mavis Batey: President of the Garden History Society, Presented in Celebration of Her 75th Birthday. Maney. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ "Mrs Mavis Lilian Batey – Summary". www.parksandgardens.org. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ^ Martin, Douglas (22 November 2013). "Mavis Batey, Allied Code Breaker in World War II, Dies at 92". New York Times.
- ^ a b "Mavis Batey Essay Prize". The Gardens Trust. Retrieved 8 February 2020.