Vorma: Difference between revisions
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'''Vorma''' is a river in [[Norway]] that brings water from lake [[Mjøsa]] into the [[Glomma]] river. The Vorma is 30 kilometers long and flows through the town of [[Eidsvoll]]. The Vorma |
'''Vorma''' is a river in [[Norway]] that brings water from lake [[Mjøsa]] into the [[Glomma]] river. The Vorma is 30 kilometers long and flows through the town of [[Eidsvoll]]. The Vorma flows from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund to join with the Glomma at [[Årnes]]. |
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Vorma was so named because it was a "warm" river that never freezes over, while both the Glomma and the [[Gudbrandsdalslågen]] routinely freeze. The junction of the Vorma with the Glomma at Årnes and [[Nes, Akershus|Nes]] is the site of the Funnefoss on the Glomma, a 10 meter fall. |
Vorma was so named because it was a "warm" river that never freezes over, while both the Glomma and the [[Gudbrandsdalslågen]] routinely freeze. The junction of the Vorma with the Glomma at Årnes and [[Nes, Akershus|Nes]] is the site of the Funnefoss on the Glomma, a 10 meter fall. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The junction of the Minnesund and the Vorma, Eidsvoll, served as an ancient 'ting' place - or meeting place for the local council or parliament - for [[Romerike]] during the period when travel by boat was much easier than by land. The "Eidsivating" was, according to tradition, founded by [[Halfdan the Black| Halvdan Svarte]], and served as the 'ting' place for all of the [[Oppland]]s and [[Viken, Norway|Viken]]. Saint Olav also held a ting there and built a church at this site in 1017. |
The junction of the Minnesund and the Vorma, Eidsvoll, served as an ancient 'ting' place - or meeting place for the local council or parliament - for [[Romerike]] during the period when travel by boat was much easier than by land. The "Eidsivating" was, according to tradition, founded by [[Halfdan the Black| Halvdan Svarte]], and served as the 'ting' place for all of the [[Oppland]]s and [[Viken, Norway|Viken]]. Saint Olav also held a ting there and built a church at this site in 1017. |
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In 1795 a landslide totally blocked the Vorma at [[Disen]] for 111 days, completely drying the riverbed. A channel was cut around it to prevent a major overflow, with accompanying downstream damage. |
In 1795 a landslide totally blocked the Vorma at [[Disen]] for 111 days, completely drying the riverbed. A channel was cut around it to prevent a major overflow, with accompanying downstream damage. |
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On the Vorma, south of [[Eidsvoll]], lies the Svanfoss where the water level in Lake Mjøsa is regulated. A 60 meter long by 6 meter wide lock, which bypassed the Svanfoss, lifting boats 3 meters to allow the bypassing of the fall, opened in 1906. |
On the Vorma, south of [[Eidsvoll]], lies the Svanfoss where the water level in Lake Mjøsa is regulated. A 60 meter long by 6 meter wide lock, which bypassed the Svanfoss, lifting boats 3 meters to allow the bypassing of the fall, opened in 1906. |
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==Geology== |
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The Vorma discharges from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund on the southern lakeshore. The southern shore of Lake Mjøsa is a [[terminal moraine]] deposit formed by a pause in the glacial ice retreat known ~9,400 years before the present as the Minnesund pause occurring. The terminal morraine is characterized by substantial clay, sand and gravel deposits. The Vorma has eroded through these deposits, leaving steep banks with many high gradient tributaries forming cascades as they join the Vorma. The river cut down until it met the less-easily eroded intrusive sill (Oslo Graben) at the town center of [[Eidsvoll]]. <ref name=A >[ http://www.jernbaneverket.no/Documents/Prosjekter/h%C3%B8yhastighet/Geotechnical_study_1720593a.pdf Technical note from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute to Jernbaneverket dated 2007-03-22 and ditled Project 20071171, High Speed Railway in Norway by Randi Birgitte Svånå] </ref> <ref >{{cite journal |
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|title=The Permo-Carboniferous Oslo Rift through six stages and 65 million years |
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|journal=[[Episodes (journal)|Episodes]] |
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|issue=March 2009 |
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|pages=pp. 52–58 |
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|url= http://www.academia.edu/376082/The_Permo-Carboniferous_Oslo_Rift_Through_Six_Stages_and_65_Million_Years |
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|accessdate=2014-10-19 |
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|author=Larsen, Bjørn; Olaussen, Snorre; Sundvoll, Bjørn; Heeremans, Michel}}</ref> |
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The glacial deposits also dammed up a side valley, forming lake [[Hurdalssjøen]]. The Hurdalssjøen discharges to the Vorma river at [[Eidsvoll]] via the tributary [[Andelva]] river. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* ''East Norway and its Frontier'' by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956 |
* ''East Norway and its Frontier'' by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956 |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 16:18, 6 October 2014
| Vorma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Glomma, Årnes |
| Length | 30 km |
Vorma is a river in Norway that brings water from lake Mjøsa into the Glomma river. The Vorma is 30 kilometers long and flows through the town of Eidsvoll. The Vorma flows from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund to join with the Glomma at Årnes.
Vorma was so named because it was a "warm" river that never freezes over, while both the Glomma and the Gudbrandsdalslågen routinely freeze. The junction of the Vorma with the Glomma at Årnes and Nes is the site of the Funnefoss on the Glomma, a 10 meter fall.
History
The junction of the Minnesund and the Vorma, Eidsvoll, served as an ancient 'ting' place - or meeting place for the local council or parliament - for Romerike during the period when travel by boat was much easier than by land. The "Eidsivating" was, according to tradition, founded by Halvdan Svarte, and served as the 'ting' place for all of the Opplands and Viken. Saint Olav also held a ting there and built a church at this site in 1017.
In 1795 a landslide totally blocked the Vorma at Disen for 111 days, completely drying the riverbed. A channel was cut around it to prevent a major overflow, with accompanying downstream damage.
On the Vorma, south of Eidsvoll, lies the Svanfoss where the water level in Lake Mjøsa is regulated. A 60 meter long by 6 meter wide lock, which bypassed the Svanfoss, lifting boats 3 meters to allow the bypassing of the fall, opened in 1906.
Geology
The Vorma discharges from Lake Mjøsa at the village of Minnesund on the southern lakeshore. The southern shore of Lake Mjøsa is a terminal moraine deposit formed by a pause in the glacial ice retreat known ~9,400 years before the present as the Minnesund pause occurring. The terminal morraine is characterized by substantial clay, sand and gravel deposits. The Vorma has eroded through these deposits, leaving steep banks with many high gradient tributaries forming cascades as they join the Vorma. The river cut down until it met the less-easily eroded intrusive sill (Oslo Graben) at the town center of Eidsvoll. [1] [2]
The glacial deposits also dammed up a side valley, forming lake Hurdalssjøen. The Hurdalssjøen discharges to the Vorma river at Eidsvoll via the tributary Andelva river.
References
- East Norway and its Frontier by Frank Noel Stagg, George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. 1956
- ^ [ http://www.jernbaneverket.no/Documents/Prosjekter/h%C3%B8yhastighet/Geotechnical_study_1720593a.pdf Technical note from Norwegian Geotechnical Institute to Jernbaneverket dated 2007-03-22 and ditled Project 20071171, High Speed Railway in Norway by Randi Birgitte Svånå]
- ^ Larsen, Bjørn; Olaussen, Snorre; Sundvoll, Bjørn; Heeremans, Michel. "The Permo-Carboniferous Oslo Rift through six stages and 65 million years". Episodes (March 2009): pp. 52–58. Retrieved 2014-10-19.
{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)