1809 in science
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The year 1809 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- Carl Friedrich Gauss publishes [Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) in Hamburg, introducing the Gaussian gravitational constant and containing an influential treatment of the least squares method.[1]
- S. D. Poisson publishes [Sur les inégalités séculaires des moyens mouvements des planètes and Sur la variation des constantes arbitraires dans les questions de mécanique] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) in the Journal of the École Polytechnique, extending Lagrange's theory of planetary orbits.
Biology
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining his theory of evolution.
Geology
- William Maclure publishes the first geological map of the United States with accompanying memoir.[1][2]
Mathematics
- Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra.
Medicine
- December 25 – American physician Ephraim McDowell performs the world's first ovariotomy, the removal of an ovarian tumor.[3]
- Philippe Pinel publishes accounts of what would later be regarded as schizophrenia.[4]
Technology
- February 11 – Robert Fulton patents the steamboat in the United States.[5][6]
- Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring invents a water voltameter electrical telegraph.[1]
- William Hyde Wollaston invents the reflecting goniometer.
Awards
Births
- January 4 – Louis Braille (died 1852), inventor.
- February 12 – Charles Darwin (died 1882), naturalist.
- February 15 – Cyrus McCormick (died 1884), inventor.
- February 21 – Carl Ernst Bock (died 1874), physician and anatomist.
- April 15 – Hermann Günther Grassmann (died 1877), mathematician.
- April 20 – James David Forbes (died 1868), physicist, glaciologist and seismologist.
- August 29 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (died 1894), physician and writer.
- November 22 – Bénédict Morel (died 1873), psychiatrist.
- Date unknown
- Marie Durocher (died 1893), physician.
- William Lobb (died 1864), plant collector.
Deaths
- May 17 – Leopold Auenbrugger (born 1722), Austrian physician.
- August 18 – Matthew Boulton (born 1728), English mechanical engineer.
- October 11 – Meriwether Lewis (born 1774), American explorer.
- December 16 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy (born 1755), French chemist.
- December 29 – Thomas Barker (born 1722), English meteorologist.
References
- ^ a b c Grun, Bernard (1991). "1809". The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 379. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- ^ "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 4: 91. 1809.
- ^ Othersen, H. Biemann (May 2004). "Ephraim McDowell The Qualities of a Good Surgeon". Annals of Surgery. 239 (5): 648–650. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000124382.04128.5a. PMC 1356272. PMID 15082968.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Heinrichs, R. W. (2003). "Historical origins of schizophrenia: two early madmen and their illness". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 39: 349–63. doi:10.1002/jhbs.10152. PMID 14601041.
- ^ "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809". Thinkfinity. Verizon. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
- ^ "The Fulton Patents". Today in Science History. Retrieved 2011-04-15.