View source for 2010 Copiapó mining accident

{{short description|Cave-in and miner rescue at a mine in Atacama Region, Chile}}
{{Redirect|Copiapó mining accident|the 2006 accident in the Alex-Aguilar mine|2006 Copiapó mining accident}}
{{Pp-move-indef|date=October 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{infobox news event
|image_name               = Mina San José de Copiapó en 2010.jpg
|image_alt                = Color photo of San Jose Mine from a distance with several workers in the foreground
|caption                  = Rescue efforts at the mine on 10 August 2010
|date                     = {{plainlist|
* {{start and end dates|2010|08|05|2010|10|13|df=y}}
* ({{age in days|2010|08|05|2010|10|13|show unit=full}})}}
|time                     = 14:05 [[Time in Chile|CLT]] ([[UTC−04:00]])
|place                    = [[San José mine]], near [[Copiapó]], [[Atacama Region]], Chile
|coordinates              = {{coord|27.158609|S|70.497655|W|region:CL-AT_type:event|display=inline,title}}
|outcome                  = All 33 trapped miners rescued
|reported injuries        =
|reported death(s)        =
|reported property damage = Total closure and loss {{nowrap|{{As of|2010|8|lc=on}}}}{{Update after|2011}}
|litigation               = US$1.8&nbsp;million lawsuit {{nowrap|{{As of|2010|8|lc=on}}}}{{Update after|2011}}
|notes                    = {{Location map|Chile|width=200|float=center|label=San José mine}}
}}

The '''2010 Copiapó mining accident''', also known as the "'''Chilean mining accident'''", began on 5 August 2010, with a [[cave-in]] at the [[San José Mine|San José copper–gold mine]], located in the [[Atacama Desert]] {{convert|45|km|sp=us}} north of the regional capital of [[Copiapó]], in northern [[Chile]]. Thirty-three men were trapped {{convert|700|m|ft|sp=us}} underground and {{convert|5|km|0|sp=us}} from the mine's entrance, and were rescued after 69 days.<ref name="mineros2">
{{cite news|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2010/08/680-282082-9-onemi-confirma-33-mineros-atrapados-tras-derrumbe-en-yacimiento-en-atacama.shtml|newspaper=[[La Tercera]]|title=Onemi confirma a 33 mineros atrapados en yacimiento en Atacama|date=6 August 2010|access-date=12 October 2010|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102143800/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2010/08/680-282082-9-onemi-confirma-33-mineros-atrapados-tras-derrumbe-en-yacimiento-en-atacama.shtml|archive-date=2 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N08212025.htm |last=Illiano |first=Cesar |title=Rescue near for Chile miners trapped for two months |date=9 October 2010 |access-date=11 October 2010 |agency=Reuters AlertNet| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101018044841/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N08212025.htm| archive-date= 18 October 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

After the state-owned mining company, [[Codelco]], took over rescue efforts from the mine's owners, exploratory boreholes were drilled. Seventeen days after the accident, a note was found taped to a drill bit pulled back to the surface: "Estamos bien en el refugio los 33" ("We are well in the shelter, the 33 of us").

Three separate drilling rig teams; nearly every Chilean government ministry; the United States' space agency, [[NASA]]; and a dozen corporations from around the world cooperated in completing the rescue. On 13 October 2010, the men were winched to the surface one at a time, in a specially built capsule, as an estimated 5.3 million people watched via video stream worldwide.<ref name=cbctv>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/chilean-mine-rescue-watched-by-millions-online-1.871115 "Chilean mine rescue watched by millions online"], Canadian Broadcasting Corp., 14 October 2010</ref><ref name="CNNBreaking">{{cite news |url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/13/workers-begin-to-rescue-trapped-chilean-miners/?hpt=T1&iref=BN1|title=First of 33 trapped miners reaches surface|publisher= CNN |date=12 October 2010|access-date=12 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101013101416/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/13/workers-begin-to-rescue-trapped-chilean-miners/?hpt=T1&iref=BN1| archive-date= 13 October 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TelegraphLive">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8058924/Chile-Miners-Rescue-Live.html |title=Chile Miners Rescue: Live |newspaper=London Daily Telegraph |date=12 October 2010 |access-date=12 October 2010 | first1=Peter | last1=Hutchison | first2=Bonnie | last2=Malkin | first3=Andy | last3=Bloxham| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101013014756/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8058924/Chile-Miners-Rescue-Live.html| archive-date= 13 October 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
With few exceptions, they were in good medical condition with no long-term physical effects anticipated.<ref name="BBCLive">{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11489439 |work=BBC News | title=Chile mine rescue | date=13 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519160213/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11489439| archive-date= 19 May 2011| url-status=live}}</ref>
Private donations covered one-third of the US$20 million cost of the rescue, with the rest coming from the mine owners and the government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wbay.com/Global/story.asp?S=13318937 |title=Chile's textbook mine rescue brings global respect |publisher=WBAY-TV Green Bay-Fox Cities-Northeast Wisconsin News |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=18 October 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Previous geological instability at the old mine and a long record of safety violations for the mine's owners, [[Compañía Minera San Esteban Primera|San Esteban Mining Company]], had resulted in a series of fines and accidents, including eight deaths, during the dozen years leading up to this accident.<ref name="BBC-suit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11102478|title=Trapped Chile miner's family sues owners and officials|date=26 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826200316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11102478|archive-date=26 August 2010|url-status=live|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="familiessue">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7966590/Families-of-trapped-Chilean-miners-to-sue-mining-firm.html|title=Families of trapped Chilean miners to sue mining firm|author=Govan, Fiona|date=26 August 2010|newspaper=London Daily Telegraph|access-date=26 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829093945/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7966590/Families-of-trapped-Chilean-miners-to-sue-mining-firm.html|archive-date=29 August 2010|url-status=live|author2=Aislinn Laing|author3=Nick Allen}}</ref><ref name=asiantrib>Gopal Ethiraj (14 October 2004), [http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2010/10/14/69-day-trapped-chilean-miners-being-lifted-one-one-safety 69-day trapped Chilean miners being lifted one by one to safety] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016001135/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2010/10/14/69-day-trapped-chilean-miners-being-lifted-one-one-safety |date=16 October 2010}}, ''Asian Tribune'', Hallstavik, Sweden.</ref> After three years, lawsuits and investigations into the collapse concluded in August 2013 with no charges filed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Inquiry on Mine Collapse in Chile Ends With No Charges|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/world/americas/inquiry-on-mine-collapse-in-chile-ends-with-no-charges.html?_r=0|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2 August 2013|first=Pascale|last=Bonnefoy|date=1 August 2013}}</ref>

==Background==
{{See also|Mining in Chile}}
[[File:Sanjosemine ali 2010259 lrg (Annotated).jpg|thumb|alt=Satellite photo of the mine area in the Atacama desert.|The {{lang|es|[[San José mine]]}} is approximately at the center of this satellite image]]
Chile's long tradition in mining has made the country the world's [[List of countries by copper production|top producer]] of copper.<ref>[http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/Chile.html Chile – Mining] Encyclopedia of the Nations Copyright 2010 Advameg, Inc.</ref> An average of 34 people per year since 2000 have died in mining accidents in Chile, with a high of 43 in 2008, according to figures from the state regulatory agency "[[Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile|National Geology and Mining Service]]" ({{langx|es|Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile}} abbreviated to SERNAGEOMIN).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/27/trapped-chilean-miners-video%20|title=Trapped Chilean miners sing national anthem in footage from inside mine|last=Jones|first=Sam|date=27 August 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=28 May 2011|location=London}}</ref>

The mine is owned by the [[Compañía Minera San Esteban Primera|San Esteban Mining Company]], ({{langx|es|Compañía Minera San Esteban}} abbreviated to ''CMSE''), a company notorious for operating unsafe mines. According to an official with the non-profit [[Chilean Safety Association]], ({{langx|es|Asociación Chilena de Seguridad}}, also known as ''ACHS'') eight workers died at the San José site between 1998 and 2010<ref name="Guardian-4months">{{cite news|url=http://guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/23/miners-trapped-alive-chile|title=Chilean miners found alive&nbsp;– but rescue will take four months|author=Haroon Siddique|date=23 August 2010|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=23 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824223118/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/23/miners-trapped-alive-chile|archive-date=24 August 2010|url-status=live|location=London}}</ref><ref name="familiessue" /><ref name="torontostar">Jennifer Yang (10 October 2010), [https://www.thestar.com/news/world/chile/article/873382--from-collapse-to-rescue-inside-the-chile-mine-disaster "From collapse to rescue: Inside the Chile mine disaster"], ''Toronto Star''.</ref> while CMSE was fined 42 times between 2004 and 2010 for breaching safety regulations.<ref name="familiessue" /> The mine was shut down temporarily in 2007 when relatives of a miner killed in an accident sued the company; but the mine reopened in 2008<ref name="BBC-suit" /><ref name="familiessue" /> despite non-compliance with regulations.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170905010146/http://www.nbc26.com/Global/story.asp?S=13048180 "New video gives tour of trapped miners' refuge"]&nbsp;– Associated Press writers&nbsp;– Bradley Brooks and Peter Prengaman&nbsp;– with Federico Quilodran in Copiapo, Eduardo Gallardo in Santiago, and Michael Warren in Buenos Aires, Argentina, contributing to this report. The Associated Press, (NBC26.com) 28 August 2010&nbsp;– Copyright 2010.</ref> Due to budget constraints, there were only three inspectors for the [[Atacama Region]]'s 884 mines during the period leading up to the most recent collapse.<ref name="familiessue" />

Prior to the accident, CMSE had ignored warnings over unsafe working conditions in its mines. According to Javier Castillo, secretary of the trade union that represents San José's miners, the company's management operates "without listening to the voice of the workers when they say that there is danger or risk". "Nobody listens to us. Then they say we're right. If they had believed the workers, we would not be lamenting this now", said Gerardo Núñez, head of the union at a nearby Candelaria Norte mine.<ref>[http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=362450&CategoryId=14094 "Unions Say Mining Becoming More Dangerous in Chile"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713182716/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=362450&CategoryId=14094 |date=13 July 2011 }} [[Latin American Herald Tribune]], 9 August 2010</ref>

Chilean copper mine workers are among the highest-paid miners in South America.<ref name="Economist-2006">{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/7894761?story_id=7894761|title=A worrying precedent|date=7 September 2006|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> Although the accident has called mine safety in Chile into question, serious incidents at large mines are rare, particularly those owned by the state copper mining company (Codelco) or by multinational companies.<ref name="Economist-2010">{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2010/08/chiles_trapped_miners|title=Celebration before a hard slog|date=23 August 2010|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=23 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825041708/http://economist.com/blogs/americasview/2010/08/chiles_trapped_miners|archive-date=25 August 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> However, smaller mines such as the one at Copiapó have generally lower safety standards.<ref name="Economist-2010" /> Wages at the San Jose Mine were around 20% higher than at other Chilean mines due to its poor safety record.<ref name="BBCLive" /><ref name="Economist-2010" /><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,716102,00.html "The Media Circus at Chile's San José Mine"] Spiegel Online, 8 September 2010</ref>

==Collapse==
[[File:MSJ.en.svg|thumb|alt=Abstract graphic illustration of the underground accident site in the mine with markings, annotations and depths|[[Schematic]] diagram of the accident (not to scale); depths are meters [[Above mean sea level|AMSL]]]]
The collapse occurred at 14:00 [[Time in Chile|CLT]] on 5 August 2010.<ref name="despliegue">{{cite news
|author=Vila, Narayan
|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/amplio-despliegue-para-rescatar-a-mineros-atrapados/noticias/2010-08-06/210402.html
|title=Amplio despliegue para rescatar a mineros atrapados
|newspaper=[[La Nación (Chile)]]
|date=7 August 2010
|access-date=12 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628232036/http://www.lanacion.cl/amplio-despliegue-para-rescatar-a-mineros-atrapados/noticias/2010-08-06/210402.html
|archive-date=28 June 2011}}</ref>
Access to the depths of the mine was by a long helical roadway.<ref name="chan4prog">[[Channel 4]] British TV program ''Buried Alive: The Chilean Mine Rescue'', 8 pm to 9&nbsp;pm, Wednesday 27 October 2010</ref>
One man, an ore-truck driver, was able to get out, but a group of 33 men were trapped deep inside.<ref>Hector Tobar [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/07/07/sixty-nine-days "Sixty-Nine Days"] ''The New Yorker'', 12 October 2010</ref> A thick dust cloud caused by the rock fall blinded the miners for as much as six hours.<ref name="camphope"/>

Initially, the trapped miners tried to escape through ventilation shafts, but the ladders required by safety codes were missing.<ref name="escapeshaft">{{cite news|title=Chile sets sight on escape shaft for trapped miners|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN24255937|author = Soto, Alonso |work=Reuters |date = 24 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="familiessue"/>

Luis Urzúa, the shift supervisor, gathered his men in a room called a "[[Mine rescue chamber|refuge]]" and organized them and their resources. Teams were sent out to assess the vicinity.<ref name="keepinghopealive">{{cite news|title=Luis Urzua, the foreman keeping hope alive for Chile's trapped miners|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners|author = Franklin, Jonathan |work=The Observer |location=London |date = 5 September 2010|access-date=14 October 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012101851/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Initial search==
[[File:Mina San José -Piñera con mensaje de mineros atrapados.jpg|thumb|alt=Color image of President Piñera displaying the message in a plastic document protector sent by the miners with Mining Minister Golborne|Piñera holds the message sent by the miners alongside Mining Minister Golborne (red jacket, blue shirt)]]
[[Mine rescue|Rescuers]] attempted to bypass the rockfall at the main entryway through alternative passages but found each route blocked by fallen rock or threatened by ongoing rock movement. After a second collapse on 7 August, rescuers were forced to use heavy machinery while trying to gain access via a ventilation shaft.<ref name="Tears of joy as Chile miners complete their great escape">Ross Lydall [https://web.archive.org/web/20101016133615/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23887231-tears-of-joy-as-chile-miners-are-finally-rescued.do "Tears of joy as Chile miners complete their great escape"] London Evening Standard, 13 October 2010</ref> Concerns that additional attempts to pursue this route would cause further geological movement halted attempts to reach the trapped miners through any of the existing shafts, and other means to find the men were sought.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.cooperativa.cl/ministro-golborne--el-acceso-por-la-chimena-ya-no-es-una-opcion/prontus_nots/2010-08-07/160054.html
|title=Ministro Golborne: El acceso por la chimenea ya no es una opción
|publisher=[[Radio Cooperativa (Chile)]]
|date=7 August 2010
|language=es
|access-date=12 October 2010}}</ref>

The accident happened soon after sharp criticism of the government's handling of the [[2010 Chile earthquake|Chilean earthquake]] and tsunami. Chile's President, [[Sebastián Piñera]], cut short an official trip to Colombia and returned to Chile in order to visit the mine.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-282431-9-pinera-vuelve-a-chile-y-viajara-a-zona-del-accidente-en-la-mina-san-jose.shtml
|title=Piñera vuelve a Chile y viajará a zona del accidente en la mina San José
|newspaper=[[La Tercera]]
|date=7 August 2010
|language=es
|access-date=12 October 2010
|archive-date=13 July 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713185347/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-282431-9-pinera-vuelve-a-chile-y-viajara-a-zona-del-accidente-en-la-mina-san-jose.shtml
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

Exploratory [[boreholes]] about {{convert|16|cm|sp=us}} in diameter were drilled in an attempt to find the miners.<ref name=cnn17days>[http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-22/world/chile.miners_1_miners-rescuers-rescue-workers?_s=PM:WORLD "After 17 days, trapped Chilean miners send note they're alive"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017041406/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-22/world/chile.miners_1_miners-rescuers-rescue-workers?_s=PM%3AWORLD |date=17 October 2010 }}, CNN, 22 August 2010</ref> Out-of-date mine shaft maps complicated rescue efforts, and several boreholes drifted off-target<ref name="telegraphaug28">{{cite news|newspaper=[[London Daily Telegraph]]|title=Camp Hope families wait in Chile's Atacama Desert for trapped miners|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7969542/Camp-Hope-families-wait-in-Chiles-Atacama-Desert-for-trapped-miners.html|access-date=28 August 2010|date=28 August 2010|author=Sherwell, Philip| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100830183614/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7969542/Camp-Hope-families-wait-in-Chiles-Atacama-Desert-for-trapped-miners.html| archive-date= 30 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> due to drilling depth and hard rock.<ref name="movetons"/> On 19 August, one of the probes reached a space where the miners were believed to be trapped, but found no signs of life.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67M0G820100823|title=Timeline: Trapped Chilean miners|work=Reuters|date=22 August 2010|access-date=23 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825154350/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67M0G820100823| archive-date= 25 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Estamos bien los 33.svg|thumb|alt=Image of hand written note in Spanish, reading "{{lang|es|"Estamos bien en el refugio los 33"}}|Digital representation of the note sent by the miners (English: "All 33 of us are fine in the shelter")]]
On 22 August, the eighth borehole broke through<ref name=chesterco>Brian McCullough (14 October 2010), [http://www.pottsmerc.com/articles/2010/10/14/news/srv0000009663112.txt "Chesco company proud to help with Chilean miner rescue"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184509/http://www.pottsmerc.com/articles/2010/10/14/news/srv0000009663112.txt |date=1 March 2012 }}, ''The Mercury'', Pennsylvania.</ref> at a depth of {{convert|688|m|sp=us}}, at a ramp near the shelter where the miners had taken refuge.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lavoz.com.ar/noticias/sucesos/chile-sonda-llega-cerca-de-mineros-atrapados |title=Chile: los 33 mineros están vivos, tras permanecer 17 días atrapados|newspaper=La Voz|language=es|date=22 August 2010|access-date=23 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083316/http://www.lavoz.com.ar/noticias/sucesos/chile-sonda-llega-cerca-de-mineros-atrapados |archive-date=2011-07-06}}</ref> For days the miners had heard drills approaching and had prepared notes, which they attached to the tip of the drill with insulation tape when it poked into their space. They also tapped on the drill before it was withdrawn, and these taps could be heard on the surface.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/24/2991575.htm?section=world |title=Aussie drill expert called to Chile mine rescue|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|author=McMurtrie, Craig|date=24 August 2010|access-date=24 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825071135/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/24/2991575.htm?section=world| archive-date= 25 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> When the drill was withdrawn a note was attached to it: {{lang|es|"Estamos bien en el refugio los 33"}} (English: "All 33 of us are fine in the shelter"). The words became the motto of the miners' survival and the rescue effort, and appeared on websites, banners and T-shirts.<ref>{{cite news
 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67L1H620100822 
 |title=Trapped Chile miners alive but long rescue ahead 
 |work=Reuters 
 |date=22 August 2010 
 |access-date=13 October 2010 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925100111/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67L1H620100822 
 |archive-date=25 September 2010 
 |url-status=live 
 }}</ref>
Hours later, video cameras sent down the borehole captured the first grainy, black-and-white, silent images of the miners.<ref name="BBC-17days">{{cite news|title=Miners trapped in Chile mine for 17 days 'are alive'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11054376|work=BBC News|access-date=22 August 2010| date=22 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100823121245/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11054376| archive-date= 23 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>
==Survival==

[[File:Mina San José - first view of chilean miners - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=Partially out of focus, black and white video capture of first view of face of one of the trapped miners|First image captured by a video camera lowered down the borehole]]
The trapped miners' emergency shelter had an area of {{convert|50|sqm|sp=us}} with two long benches,<ref name="BBC-supplies"/> but ventilation problems had led them to move out into a tunnel.<ref name="reuterslifeline"/> In addition to the shelter, they had access to some {{convert|2|km|sp=us}} of open tunnels in which they could move around and get some exercise or privacy.<ref name="camphope">{{cite news|title=Chilean miners' families pitch up at Camp Hope|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/25/chilean-miners-families-camp-hope|author = Franklin, Jonathan |work=The Guardian |location=London |date = 25 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100827031413/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/25/chilean-miners-families-camp-hope| archive-date= 27 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Food supplies were severely limited, and each of the men had lost an average of {{convert|8|kg|sp=us}} by the time they were discovered.<ref name="reuterslifeline">{{cite news|title=Chile secures lifeline to trapped miners, sends aid |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE67L1NU20100824 |author=Soto, Alonso |work=Reuters |date=24 August 2010 |access-date=24 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827222716/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE67L1NU20100824 |archive-date=27 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the emergency supplies stocked in the shelter were intended to last only two or three days, through careful rationing, the men made their meager resources last for two weeks, only running out just before they were discovered.<ref name="videotour">{{cite news|title=Trapped Chile miners give video tour of confinement|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11106045|work=BBC News|date = 27 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100827190922/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11106045| archive-date= 27 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

After leaving the hospital, miner Mario Sepúlveda said, "All 33 trapped miners, practicing a [[One man, one vote|one-man, one-vote democracy]], worked together to maintain the mine, look for escape routes, and keep up morale. We knew that if society broke down, we would all be doomed. Each day a different person took a bad turn. Every time that happened, we worked as a team to try to keep the morale up." He also said that some of the older miners helped to support the younger men, but all have taken an oath of silence not to reveal certain details of what happened, particularly during the early weeks of desperation.<ref name="telegraphsunday">{{cite news |title=Freed Chile miner Mario Sepulveda reveals darkest days |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8069092/PIX-AND-PUBLISH-Freed-miner-reveals-darkest-days.html |access-date=12 December 2022 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=17 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111010453/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8069092/PIX-AND-PUBLISH-Freed-miner-reveals-darkest-days.html |archive-date=11 November 2010 |url-access=subscription}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

===Videos sent to the surface===
Shortly after their discovery, 28 of the 33 miners appeared in a 40-minute video recorded using a mini-camera delivered by the government via 1.5-metre-long (5&nbsp;ft) blue plastic capsules called ''palomas'' ("doves", referring to their role as carrier pigeons). The footage showed most of the men in good spirits and reasonably healthy, though they had all lost weight.<ref name=nytsurvival>Alexei Barrionnuevo (27 August 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/28/world/americas/28chile.html "Video of the Trapped Chilean Miners Stirs a Country's Emotions"], ''The New York Times''.</ref>

The men appeared mainly bare-chested and bearded. They were all covered with a sheen of sweat due to the high heat and humidity of the mine at that depth. Several of the miners looked very thin, and some were camera-shy. The host, Sepúlveda, avoided specifics about the health of the men and used the vague term "complicated" to refer to their situation. He did, however, work to maintain an upbeat attitude, and insisted that things were looking brighter for the trapped men.<ref name=nytsurvival/> The video generally portrays a positive, light atmosphere despite the grim circumstances.<ref name=nytsurvival/>

===Leadership===
"It's been a bit of a long shift", foreman Luis Urzúa joked. A man whose level-headedness and gentle humor is credited with helping keep the miners under his charge focused on survival during their 70-day underground ordeal, Urzúa kept his cool in his first audio contact with officials on the surface. He glossed over the hunger and despair he and his men felt, saying, "We're fine, waiting for you to rescue us."<ref name=ftlondon>Jude Webber and John Paul Rathbone (15 October 2010), [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bf7e22e4-d897-11df-8e05-00144feabdc0.html "Man in the News: Luis Urzúa"], ''Financial Times'', London,</ref><ref name=survivalguardian>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/14/chile-miner-luis-urzua-interview |title=Chile miners: Rescued foreman Luis Urzúa's first interview |newspaper=The Guardian |author-link=Rory Carroll |first=Rory |last=Carroll |author2=[[Jonathan Franklin]] |date=14 October 2010 |location=London}}</ref><ref name=taipei>[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2010/09/07/2003482273 Chilean mine foreman works heroically to keep hope alive], Taipei Times, China, Jonathan Franklin, 7 September 2010</ref><ref name=forging>Alexei Barrionuevo (31 August 2010), [http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100901/ARTICLE/9011051/2057/LIVING&tc=omni?p=1&tc=pg "Forging bonds to survive below Earth's surface"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323135826/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100901/ARTICLE/9011051/2057/LIVING%26tc%3Domni?p=1&tc=pg |date=23 March 2014 }}, ''Herald-Tribune'', US,</ref>

Urzúa credited majority decision-making for the trapped men's good ''[[esprit de corps]]'' and dedication to their common goal. "You just have to speak the truth and believe in democracy", he said. "Everything was voted on; we were 33 men, so 16 plus one was a majority."<ref name=ftlondon/>

Following the collapse of the mine on 5 August, Urzúa  had dispatched men to find out what had happened and see if escape was possible, but they could not find an exit route. "We were trying to find out what we could do and what we could not", said Urzúa. "Then we had to figure out the food." Urzúa tried to instill a philosophical acceptance of fate so they could accept their situation and move on to embrace the essential tasks of survival.<ref name="survivalguardian" />

===Key members of the trapped group===
* '''Luis Urzúa''' (54), the shift foreman who immediately recognized the gravity of the situation and the difficulty of any rescue attempt. He gathered the men in a secure "refuge" then organized them and their meager resources to cope with a long-term survival situation.<ref name="TelegraphLive" /><ref name="R. Sutton">{{cite journal
| last = Sutton
| first = Robert I.
| title = Boss Luis Urzua and the Trapped Miners in Chile: A Classic Case of a Leadership, Performance, and Humanity
| journal = Psychology Today
| access-date =13 October 2010
| date = 6 September 2010
| url = http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/work-matters/201009/boss-luis-urzua-and-the-trapped-miners-in-chile
| archive-url= https://archive.today/20101016012441/http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/work-matters/201009/boss-luis-urzua-and-the-trapped-miners-in-chile| archive-date= 16 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Just after the incident, he led three men to scout the tunnel. After confirming the situation, he made detailed maps of the area to aid the rescue effort. He directed the underground aspects of the rescue operation and coordinated closely with engineers on the surface over the teleconference links.<ref name="J. Franklin">
{{cite news
| last = Franklin
| first = Jonathan
| title = Luis Urzúa, the foreman keeping hope alive for Chile's trapped miners
|work=The Guardian |location=London | access-date =13 October 2010
| date = 5 September 2010
| url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012101851/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=minerprofiles/>
* '''Florencio Ávalos''' (31), second in command of the group, assisted Urzúa in organizing the men. Because of his experience, physical fitness and emotional stability, he was selected as the first miner to ride the rescue capsule to the surface in case of complications during the 15-minute ascent in the cramped shaft. Naturally shy, he served as the camera operator for videos sent up to the miners’ families. He was trapped along with his younger brother Renan.<ref name=minerprofiles/>
* '''Yonni Barrios''' (50), became the medic of the trapped miners due to his six months of training he took to care for his elderly mother. He served the group by monitoring their health and providing detailed medical reports to the team of doctors on the surface. His fellow miners jokingly referred to him as "[[Dr. House]]", an American TV medical drama character.<ref name="movetons">{{cite news|title=Chile miners must move tons of rocks in own rescue|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100829/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_chile_mine_collapse| author = Prengaman, Peter |publisher=Yahoo! News| agency=Associated Press|date=29 August 2010|access-date=13 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100905022454/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100829/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_chile_mine_collapse| archive-date= 5 September 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="R. Sutton" />
* '''Mario Gómez''' (63), the eldest miner, became the religious leader of the group, organizing a chapel with a shrine containing statues of saints as well as aiding counseling efforts by psychologists on the surface.<ref name="R. Sutton" /><ref name=minerprofiles/>
* '''José Henríquez''' (54), a preacher and a miner for 33 years, served as the miners' pastor and organized daily prayers.<ref name=minerprofiles/>
* '''Mario Sepúlveda''' (40), served as the energetic host of the miner's video journals that were sent to the surface to reassure the world that they were doing well. The local media dubbed him "Super [[Mario]]" after the ''[[Super Mario Bros.]]'' video game for his energy, wit and humor.<ref name=minerprofiles/><ref>[http://www.el-nacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo/160022/Mundo/S%C3%BAper-Mario-Sep%C3%BAlveda-se-convierte-en-estrella-del-rescate-de-los-mineros "Súper Mario" Sepúlveda se convierte en estrella del rescate de los mineros] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120729171946/http://www.el-nacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo/160022/Mundo/S%C3%BAper-Mario-Sep%C3%BAlveda-se-convierte-en-estrella-del-rescate-de-los-mineros |date=29 July 2012 }} El Nacional, 13 October 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.cadena3.com/contenido/2010/10/14/63721.asp "El hermano de Mario Sepúlveda destacó el buen humor del minero"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708111116/http://www.cadena3.com/contenido/2010/10/14/63721.asp |date=8 July 2011 }} Cadena3, 14 October 2010</ref>
* '''Ariel Ticona''' (29), served as the group's communications specialist, installing and maintaining the underground portion of the telephone and [[videoconferencing]] systems sent down by the surface team.<ref name=minerprofiles/>

==Health of the trapped miners==
{{main|Miners' health issues during 2010 Copiapó mining accident}}
[[File:480382main miners2.jpg|thumb|alt=a color photograph of the topside opening of one of the two narrow tubes and hardware used to deliver supplies to the miners 2,000 feet below|Tube used to deliver supplies to the miners]]
On 23 August, the first voice contact was made with the miners. Doctors reported that the miners had been provided with a 5% glucose solution and a drug to prevent stomach ulcers caused by food deprivation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radiobiobio.cl/2010/08/23/mineros-confirman-que-estan-en-perfecto-estado-de-salud-tras-contacto-por-citofono/ |title=CMineros confirman que están en perfecto estado de salud tras contacto por citófono|publisher=Radio BioBio|language=es|date=23 August 2010|access-date=23 August 2010}}</ref> Material was sent down the mine in ''palomas'', which took an hour to reach the miners.<ref name="BBC-supplies">{{cite news|title=Trapped Chile miners receive food and water|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11064687|work=BBC News|date=23 August 2010|access-date=23 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100823194527/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11064687| archive-date= 23 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MSNBC-supplies">{{cite news |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |title=Chile miners face four-month wait for rescue |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38807555 |access-date=24 August 2010 |date=23 August 2010 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208161254/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38807555/ns/world_news-americas/38813447 |archive-date=8 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Delivery of solid food began a few days later.<ref name="MSNBC-supplies"/><ref name="nasahelp">{{cite news|title=NASA helping in historic rescue of trapped Chilean miners|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/27/AR2010082704867.html| author = Franklin, Jonathan|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=27 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010}}</ref> Relatives were permitted to write letters, but were asked to keep them optimistic.<ref name="BBC-supplies"/>

Out of concern for their morale, rescuers were initially reluctant to tell the miners that in the worst-case scenario, the rescue might take months, with an eventual extraction date close to Christmas. However, on 25 August, the trapped men were fully briefed on the projected timeline for their rescue and the complexity of the plans involved. The mining minister later reported that the men took the potentially negative news very well.<ref name="minersinformed">{{cite news|title=Chile's trapped miners told rescue could take months|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11092343|work=BBC News| date=25 August 2010|access-date=25 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100826035126/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11092343| archive-date= 26 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Rescue workers and consultants described the miners as a very disciplined group.<ref name="movetons"/> Psychologists and doctors worked alongside the rescue teams to ensure the miners were kept busy and mentally focused.<ref name="MSNBC-supplies"/><ref name="nasahelp"/> The men below ground confirmed their ability to contribute to the rescue operation, saying "There are a large number of professionals who are going to help in the rescue efforts from down here."<ref name="teltour">{{cite news|title=Chile miners give video tour of cave|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7968125/Chile-miners-give-video-tour-of-cave.html|author1=Laing, Aislinn |author2=Nick Allen |newspaper=London Daily Telegraph| date=27 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100830132140/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7968125/Chile-miners-give-video-tour-of-cave.html| archive-date= 30 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> Psychologists believed that the miners should have a role in their own destiny as it was important to maintain motivation and optimism.<ref name="teltour"/><ref>Gael Favennec (11 October 2010), [http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/World/Story/A1Story20101011-241721.html "Daily rigors of underground life to end for Chile miners"], AsiaOne News, AFP</ref><ref>Fiona Govan [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7980068/Trapped-miners-form-micro-society-to-keep-them-sane.html "Trapped miners form micro-society to keep them sane"], ''The Daily Telegraph'', London, 3 September 2010</ref><ref>Victor Herrero [https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2010-08-26-chileminers26_ST_N.htm To relieve miners' hell: Latrine, books, antidepressants?], USA Today, 26 August 2010</ref>

Sanitation became an important issue in the hot, humid environment underground, and the miners took steps to maintain hygiene throughout their ordeal. "They know how to maintain their environment. They have a designated bathroom area, garbage area and are even recycling," said Dr Andrés Llarena, an [[anesthesiologist]] with the Chilean navy. "They put plastic stuff away from biological [wastes], in different holes. They are taking care of their place." The men used a natural waterfall for regular showers and received soap and shampoo from the palomas, while dirty laundry was sent out. They dug out several fresh water sources which doctors determined to be [[potable]] and were provided [[water purification]] tablets as well.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">Jonathan Franklin [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/09/chilean-miners-typical-day Chilean miners: A typical day in the life of a subterranean miner], The Guardian, 9 September 2010</ref>

Environmental and safety issues were also a primary concern. Jimmy Sánchez, the youngest of the group at 19, was assigned as the "environmental assistant", and tested the [[air quality]] daily with a hand-held computerized device that measured [[oxygen]], [[carbon dioxide]] levels and air temperature that normally averaged 31 °C (88 °F). Teams of miners also patrolled their area to identify and prevent potential [[Rockfall|rockfalls]] and pry loose hazardous stones from the ceiling, while others worked to divert the streams of water from the drilling operations.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/>

Chilean Health Minister [[Jaime Mañalich]] stated, "The situation is very similar to the one experienced by astronauts who spend months on end in the International Space Station."<ref name="undergroundhell">{{cite news|title=Get us out of underground 'hell,' Chile miners plead|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hHejkzmj_dWqXSObe-VR3LGdt9ag|agency=Agence France-Presse |date=25 August 2010|access-date=25 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100829152521/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hHejkzmj_dWqXSObe-VR3LGdt9ag| archive-date= 29 August 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref> On 31 August, a team from [[NASA]] in the United States arrived in Chile to provide assistance. The team included two physicians, one psychologist, and an engineer.<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|title=NASA Provides Assistance to Trapped Chilean Miners|url=http://www.nasa.gov/news/chile_assistance.html|publisher=NASA |date=1 September 2010|access-date=2 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100904121621/http://www.nasa.gov/news/chile_assistance.html| archive-date= 4 September 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

After the rescue, Rodrigo Figueroa, chief of the Trauma Stress and Disaster unit of the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Chile]], said there were serious shortcomings in the censorship of letters to and from miners' relatives above ground and in the monitoring of activities they could undertake, as being underground had suddenly turned them back into "babies." Nevertheless, the natural strength of "the 33" kept them alive, and their natural organization into teams as a response to disaster was also part of the innate human response to threat. Figueroa went on to say that as the miners' sound minds had seen them through, they would continue to be tested as they resumed life above ground.{{Clarify|date=March 2011}}<ref name=rescueone>Kara Frantzich and Ricardo Pommer, [http://www.santiagotimes.cl/i/90-miners-special/20025-miners-rescue-in-chile-an-inspiring-note-were-ok-all-33 "Miners' Rescue In Chile: An Inspiring Note: We're OK, All 33"], ''The Santiago Times''. {{subscription required}}</ref>

==Religious aspects==
[[File:Mina San José - Mass at Campamento Esperanza - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=a priest offering mass for the workers and family members at San Jose Mine|Mass for waiting family members]]
The trapped miners, most of whom were Catholic, asked for [[Religion|religious]] items, including [[Bible|Bibles]], [[Crucifix|crucifixes]], [[Rosary|rosaries]], and statues of the [[Virgin Mary]] and other saints to be sent down to them.<ref name=Sibley1>{{cite web|last=Sibley |first=Robert |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/Reborn+from+belly+Earth/3669061/story.html |title=Reborn from the belly of the Earth: The Chilean miners could well look back on their ordeal as an experience that revealed something of their soul |work=Ottawa Citizen |date=14 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022154939/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/opinion/Reborn%2Bfrom%2Bbelly%2BEarth/3669061/story.html |archive-date=22 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After [[Pope Benedict XVI]] sent each man a rosary, these were brought to the mine by the Archbishop of Santiago, Cardinal [[Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa]] in person.<ref>[https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/21149/holy-father-gives-thanks-for-rescue-of-chilean-miners "Holy Father gives thanks for rescue of Chilean miners"], Catholic News Agency, 13 October 2010</ref> After three weeks in the mine, one man who had been [[Civil marriage|civilly married]] to his wife 25 years earlier asked her to enter into a [[Catholic marriage|sacramental marriage]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-30/world/chile.miners.love.story_1_miners-chile-rescue-workers?_s=PM:WORLD | work=CNN | title=How will trapped Chile miners cope? | date=23 August 2010 | access-date=28 May 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130235130/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-30/world/chile.miners.love.story_1_miners-chile-rescue-workers?_s=PM%3AWORLD | archive-date=30 January 2011}}</ref>
The men set up a makeshift chapel in the mine, and Mario Gómez, the eldest miner, spiritually counseled his companions and led daily prayers.<ref name=Sibley1/>

Among the miners, a number attributed religious significance to events. Mario Sepúlveda said, "I was with God, and with the Devil – and God took me."<ref name=Sibley1/> Mónica Araya, the wife of the first man rescued, Florencio Ávalos, noted: "We are really religious, both my husband and I, so God was always present. It is a miracle, this rescue was so difficult, it's a grand miracle."<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/13/chilean-miners-rescued-health |location=London |work=The Guardian | first1=Jonathan | last1=Franklin | first2=Rory | last2=Carroll | title=Chilean miners: 'We never lost faith. We knew we would be rescued' | date=13 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref>

Both government representatives and the Chilean public have repeatedly credited [[Divine Providence]] with keeping the miners alive while the Chilean public viewed their subsequent rescue as a miracle.<ref name=Pappas1>Pappas, Stephanie, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101017004356/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39658360/ns/health-behavior How 69 Days underground affects spirituality], MSNBC, 14 October 2010</ref> Chile's president Sebastián Piñera stated, "When the first miner emerges safe and sound, I hope all the bells of all the churches of Chile ring out forcefully, with joy and hope. Faith has moved mountains."<ref name=Pappas1/> When Esteban Rojas stepped out of the rescue capsule, he immediately knelt on the ground with his hands together in prayer then raised his arms above him in adoration.<ref name=Leichman1>Leichman, Aaron J., [http://www.christianpost.com/article/20101013/prayers-persist-as-world-witnesses-rescue-of-chilean-miners/ Prayers Persist as World Witnesses Rescue of Chilean Miners], The Christian Post, 13 October 2010</ref> His wife then wrapped a tapestry bearing the image of The Virgin Mary around him as they hugged and cried.<ref name=Leichman1/>

==Tent city and the families==
{{Lang|es|Campamento Esperanza}} (Camp Hope) was a [[tent city]] that sprang up in the desert as word of the mine's collapse spread. At first, relatives gathered at the mine entrance and slept in cars as they waited and prayed for word on the rescue operation's progress. As days turned into weeks, friends brought them tents and other camping supplies to provide shelter from the harsh desert climate. The encampment grew with the arrival of more friends and relatives, additional rescue and construction workers, and members of the media. Government ministers held regular briefings for the families and journalists at the camp. "We're not going to abandon this camp until we go out with the last miner left", said María Segovia, "There are 33 of them, and one is my brother".<ref>Federico Quilodrán (AP) [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38830593 Dinner for Chile miners – 2 spoonfuls of tuna], MSNBC.com, 24 August 2010</ref><ref>Reygadas Children [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11136021 "Chile miners: Family's diary"], ''BBC News'', August to October 2010</ref>

Many members of the miners' families at Camp Hope were devout Catholics who prayed almost constantly for the men.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFN1411723720101014?sp=true | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120905185636/http://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFN1411723720101014?sp=true | url-status = dead | archive-date = 5 September 2012 | work=Reuters | title=Joyous families end long vigil at Chile's 'Camp Hope'| date=14 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref> As they waited, worried families erected memorials to the trapped men, lit candles and prayed. On a nearby hill overlooking the mine, the families placed 32 Chilean and one Bolivian flag to represent their stranded men. Small shrines were erected at the foot of each flag and amongst the tents, they placed pictures of the miners, religious icons and statues of the Virgin Mary and patron saints.<ref name=Oppmann1>{{cite news | url = http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/09/faith-plays-key-role-for-trapped-chilean-miners-families/ | work=CNN | title=Faith plays key role for trapped Chilean miners, families|date=9 September 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171410/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/09/faith-plays-key-role-for-trapped-chilean-miners-families/| archive-date= 8 July 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

María Segovia, the elder sister of drill operator Darío Segovia, became known as {{Lang|es|La Alcaldesa}} (the Mayoress) for her organizational skills and outspokenness.<ref>Vanessa Buschschluter [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11513534 High heels and hairdos: Chile countdown begins], BBC News, 11 October 2010</ref> As the families became more organized, the government took steps to provide some comforts, eventually providing a more private area for the relatives to avoid constant interrogation by the energetic press corps. Infrastructure such as a kitchen, canteen area, sanitary facilities and security were later added. Bulletin boards sprouted up and the local government established shuttle bus stops. Over time a school house and children's play zones were built while volunteers worked to help feed the families. Clowns entertained the children and organizations provided emotional and spiritual comfort to the waiting families.<ref>Moises Avila Roldan [http://www.smh.com.au/world/miners-no-longer-in-dark-rescue-months-away-20100826-13u8n.html "Miners no longer in dark: rescue months away"], ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 27 August 2010</ref> Police and soldiers were brought in from Santiago to help maintain order and security with some patrolling the desert perimeter on horseback. In many respects the camp gradually grew into a small city.<ref>Simon Romero,[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/13/world/americas/13scene.html?scp=12&sq=camp%20hope%20chilean%20miners%20families&st=cse Humanity Is Drawn to Scene of Rescue], ''The New York Times'', 12 October 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Moffett |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB20001424052748704147804575455511399879190 |title=Underground Dreams: Beer, Hugs and Weddings |work=The Wall Street Journal|date=28 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111104431/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB20001424052748704147804575455511399879190.html |archive-date=2012-11-11}}</ref>

==Rescue plans==
Exploratory boreholes were used to locate the trapped miners, with several of these subsequently used to supply the men. The Chilean government developed a comprehensive rescue plan modeled on the successful 2002 US [[Quecreek Mine rescue]], itself based on the 1963 German [[Wunder von Lengede]] rescue operation. Both previous rescues had used a "rescue pod" or capsule to winch trapped miners to the surface one by one. Chilean rescue crews planned to use at least three drilling technologies to create bore holes wide enough to raise the miners in custom-designed rescue pods as quickly as possible. Henry Laas – managing director of [[Murray & Roberts|Murray & Roberts Cementation]], one of the companies involved in the rescue operation – said that "the mine is old and there is concern of further collapses", and that "the rescue methodology therefore has to be carefully designed and implemented."<ref name=minersspecial>Dominique Farrell and Dustin Zarnikow, [http://www.santiagotimes.cl/i/90-miners-special/20024-miners-rescue-in-chile-an-unprecendent-rescue-begins "Miners's Recue In Chile: An Unprecendent Rescue Begins"], ''The Santiago Times''.</ref>

===Drilling plans===
Three large escape boreholes were drilled concurrently using several types of equipment provided by multiple international corporations and based on three different access strategies. When the first (and only) escape shaft reached the miners, the three plans in operation were:
# '''Plan A''', the Strata 950 (702&nbsp;meter target depth at 90°)
# '''Plan B''', the Schramm T130XD (638&nbsp;meter target depth at 82°) was the first to reach the miners
# '''Plan C''', a RIG-421 drill (597&nbsp;meter target depth at 85°)<ref>Page 5, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010617/http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/articles-7093_recurso_2.pdf San José Mine Rescue Operation] presentation, Ministry of Mining, Republic of Chile</ref>

====Plan A====
Plan A used an Australian built [[Strata 950]] model [[raise borer]]<ref name=stratainfo>[http://www.ruc.com.au/docs/950_specs.pdf Model 950 Strata Raisebore Machine – Drill Rig Specifications] PDF {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826235240/http://www.ruc.com.au/docs/950_specs.pdf |date=26 August 2010 }}, RUC Cementation Mining Contractors, (English)</ref> type [[drilling rig]] often used to create circular shafts between two levels of a mine without using [[explosives]]. Provided by [[South Africa]]n mining company [[Murray & Roberts]], the drill had recently finished creating a shaft for Codelco's Andina copper mine in Chile and was immediately transferred to the San José Mine. Since it weighed {{convert|31|ST|MT|sp=us}}, the drill had to be shipped in pieces on a large truck convoy. The Strata 950 was the first of the three drills to begin boring an escape shaft. If the pilot hole had been completed, further drilling would have caused rock debris to fall down the hole, requiring the miners to remove several tons of debris.<ref name=bbcgear>Adrian Brown (26 August 2010), [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11089726 "Rescuers face tough challenge to save Chile miners"], BBC News.</ref><ref name="challengesindetail">{{cite news|title=Rescuers face tough challenge to save Chile miners|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11089726| author = Brown, Adrian |work=BBC News| date=26 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100826200714/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11089726| archive-date= 26 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

====Plan B====
This drill team was the first to reach the trapped miners with an escape shaft. Plan B involved a [[Schramm Inc.]] T130XD [[Air core drilling|air core drill]] owned by Geotec S.A. (a Chilean-American joint venture drilling company) that was chosen by Drillers Supply SA (the general contractor of Plan B) to widen one of the three 14&nbsp;centimetre (5.5&nbsp;in) boreholes that were already keeping the miners supplied with ''palomas''. Normally, the drills are used to drill top holes for the oil and gas industry and for mineral exploration and water wells. This system employed Chilean Drillers Supply SA (DSI) personnel, Mijali Proestakis G.M. and Partner, Igor Proestakis Tech Mgr, Greg Hall C.E.O. (who joined his team on site for the last eight days of drilling) and their 18-centimetre (7&nbsp;in) drill pipe air core drill, a team of American drillers from [[Layne Christensen Company]] and specialized [[Down-the-hole drill|Down-The-Hole]] drilling hammers from [[Center Rock Inc.|Center Rock, Inc.]], of [[Berlin, Pennsylvania]]. Center Rock's president and personnel from [[DSI Chile]] were present on-site for the 33 days of drilling. While the Schramm rig, built by privately held [[Schramm Inc.|Schramm, Inc.]] of [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]], was already on the ground in Chile at the time of the mine collapse, additional drilling equipment was flown from the United States to Chile by [[United Parcel Service]]. The percussion-technology [[hammer drill]] can drill at more than {{convert|40|m|ft|sp=us}} a day by using four hammers instead of one.<ref name=minersspecial/><ref name=FourHammerBit>{{cite web|title=Center Rock Drill Breaks Through to Trapped Chilean Miners|url=http://www.forconstructionpros.com/print/Equipment-Today/Featured-Equipment-Today-Online-Articles/Center-Rock-Drill-Breaks-Through-to-Trapped-Chilean-Miners/5FCP18070|publisher=For Construction Pros|work=Cygnus|date = 11 October 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010}}</ref><ref name=schramminfo>[http://www.airdrill.com.au/images/Airdrill_SchrammT130XD.pdf Schramm Airdrill T130XD Rig Specifications PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804210537/http://www.airdrill.com.au/images/Airdrill_SchrammT130XD.pdf |date=4 August 2012 }}, Schramm Inc.</ref><ref name=houstonchron>{{cite news | first=Zain | last=Shauk | date=14 October 2010 | url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7246077.html | title=Cypress driller's plan helped end miners' ordeal early | newspaper=Houston Chronicle | location=Texas | access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>

The Schramm T-130 was directed to bore toward the workshop, a space that was accessible by the miners. The T-130 became operational on 5 September and worked in three stages. First, it needed to enlarge the 14-centimetre (5.5&nbsp;in) hole to a 30-centimetre (12&nbsp;in) hole. It then needed to drill the 30-centimetre (12&nbsp;in) hole into a 71&nbsp;centimetre (28&nbsp;in) diameter hole. "If we tried to drill from a 14-centimetre (5.5&nbsp;in) hole to a 71-centimetre (28&nbsp;in) hole, the torque would be too high and it would ... put the drill bits under too much pressure," said Schramm, Inc. Latin American Regional Manager, Claudio Soto. However by reusing the same hole, there was still added pressure on the drill. Delays occurred because of issues with the neck of the drills caused by the angle of the drilling. Rescuers were unable to drill vertically since that would require placing the heavy rig on the unstable ground where the cave-in had happened, and the rescuers also had to avoid drilling into the production tunnels above the shelter. Soto added, during the rescue, "It's a difficult hole. It's curved and deep. The hard rock has proven to be abrasive and has worn out the steel of the drill."

====Plan C====
{{Infobox News event
|notes=<big><big><big>'''Drilling results'''</big></big></big>
{{Progress meter|current=598 |goal=702 |comment1=Plan A, Strata 950 |width=100% |height=20 |display=yes |background2=yellow| bordercolor=black |fontcolor1=red|percent=yes}}
{{Progress meter|current=624 |goal=624 |comment1=Plan B, Schramm T130 |width=100% |height=20 |display=yes |background2=green| bordercolor=black |fontcolor1=white|percent=yes}}
{{Progress meter|current=372 |goal=597|comment1=Plan C, RIG-421 |width=100% |height=20 |display=yes |background2=yellow| bordercolor=black |fontcolor1=red|percent=yes}}
{{Clear}}
}}
Plan C involved a Canadian-made [[RIG-421]] oil drilling rig operated by Calgary-based [[Precision Drilling Corporation]]. It was the last drill to be added to the rescue process and went into operation on 19 September.<ref name=minersspecial/> The rig, normally used for oil and gas well drilling, could theoretically drill a wide enough escape shaft in a single pass without a pilot hole. RIG-421 is a {{convert|43|m|ft|sp=us}} tall [[Drilling rig#Drilling rig classification|Diesel-Electric Triple]], which needed 40 truckloads to bring its components from [[Iquique]], Chile, to Copiapó. Chosen for the rescue operation because it can drill large holes deep into the ground and is faster than mining drills,<ref name=minersspecial/><ref name=rig421info>[http://www.precisiondrilling.com/files/PD-Backgrounder.pdf Precision Drilling Corpora. RIG 421 Specifications PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715111754/http://www.precisiondrilling.com/files/PD-Backgrounder.pdf |date=15 July 2011 }}, Precision Drilling</ref> this plan suffered major setbacks due to the difficulty of aiming a large drill at such a small target. Furthermore, the hardness of the rock caused the drill bit to wander from its intended course and it then needed to be removed, resized and repositioned, slowing drilling progress. By comparison, the drills for Plan A and Plan B could be re-aimed while still in the hole. Many family members of the miners initially had high hopes for this rig, but it was forced to reduce its drill size and so lagged behind the other attempts.<ref name=minersspecial/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/canadian-effort-to-reach-trapped-chilean-miners-lagging/article1744464 |title=Canadian effort to reach trapped Chilean miners lagging|newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=18 October 2010 |location=Toronto| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101009195626/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/canadian-effort-to-reach-trapped-chilean-miners-lagging/article1744464| archive-date= 9 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/canadian-drillers-content-with-losing-race-to-reach-chilean-miners-for-the-most-part/article1751775 ''Canadian drillers content with losing race to reach Chilean miners – for the most part''], ''The Globe and Mail'', Toronto, 10 October 2010</ref>

====Drilling results====
At 08:05 CLDT on 9 October 2010, Plan B's Schramm T130XD was the first to reach the trapped miners.<ref>[http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1313329 "La perforadora llegó al refugio donde se encuentran los mineros"], ''La Nación'', 9 October 2010.</ref> By 8 October, the Plan A Strata 950's pilot hole had reached only {{percentage|598|702}} of the required depth ({{convert|598|m|sp=us}}), and had not yet started widening its shaft. Plan C's RIG-421, the only machine at the site able to drill a wide enough escape shaft without a pilot hole, reached {{convert|372|m|sp=us}} ({{percentage|372|597}}).<ref name=minersspecial/><ref name="progress">{{cite web|url=http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/w3-article-8648.html|title=Estado del operativo de rescate|work=Ministerio de Minería|publisher=Gobierno de Chile|date=8 October 2010|access-date=28 May 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010743/http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/w3-article-8648.html|archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref>

The rescue operation was an international effort that involved not only technology, but the cooperation and resources of companies and individuals from around the world, including Latin America, South Africa, Australia, the United States and Canada. NASA specialists helped develop a sophisticated health agenda. Though international participation was critical to success, overall, it was a Chilean-led team effort. As one NASA specialist said during a visit early on in the rescue: "The Chileans are basically writing the book."<ref name=minersspecial/>

{{See also|Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident#Governments |l1=International Government Participation |Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident#Corporate |l2=International Corporate Participation }}

===Extraction plans===

====Fénix rescue capsule====
{{Main|Fénix capsules}}
[[File:Esquema Fenix-minero (eng).png|thumb|alt=A color diagram depicting the capsule with a miner and text describing the features of the pod |Diagram of the rescue capsule "Fénix" class and the miner equipment used in the Copiapó accident of 2010 rescue.]]
While the three drilling operations progressed, technicians worked on building the rescue capsules that would eventually carry the miners to safety.<ref name="minersinformed"/><ref name=minersspecial/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1590593.php/BACKGROUND-Phoenix-to-pull-Chilean-miners-out-of-the-dark | title='Phoenix' to pull Chilean miners out of the dark | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013212911/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1590593.php/BACKGROUND-Phoenix-to-pull-Chilean-miners-out-of-the-dark |archive-date=13 October 2010 | publisher=Monsters and Critics | date=11 October 2010}}</ref> Several media organizations produced illustrations of the capsules' basic design.<ref name=capsulesideview>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/meta/search/imageDetail?format=plain&source=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fimages%2FInternational%2F41eb84ca39dc4a2d824e02173f1ac0f9 | title=Fénix 2 Rescue Capsule, side view, opened (Online Graphic) | work=ABC News | date=14 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=capsuletopview>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/meta/search/imageDetail?format=plain&source=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fimages%2FBusiness%2F3b7bc91554324d38aec4208ee4964c47 | title=''Fénix 2''' Rescue Capsule, top view, opened (Online Graphic) | work=ABC News | date=14 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=bbcfenix>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11527129 Images and description of the ''Fénix 2''] BBC News Online Graphic, 12 October 2010</ref>

The steel rescue capsules, dubbed ''[[Fénix capsules|Fénix]]'' (English: [[Phoenix (mythology)|Phoenix]]) were constructed by the Chilean shipbuilding company [[ASMAR|Astilleros y Maestranzas de la Armada (ASMAR)]] with design input from [[NASA]]. The navy incorporated most of NASA's suggestions and produced three rescue pods: ''Fénix'' 1, 2 and 3, all enhanced versions of the [[Dahlbusch Bomb]] used for mine rescue. ''Fénix'' 1 was presented to journalists and the miners' relatives for their assessment.<ref name=minersspecial/><ref>{{cite news|last=Parker|first=Laura|title=To Design Miners' Escape Pod, NASA Thought Small|url=http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/nasa-engineer-clinton-cragg-thought-small-to-design-rescue-capsule-for-chilean-miners/19667140|work=AOL News|access-date=10 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011090743/http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/nasa-engineer-clinton-cragg-thought-small-to-design-rescue-capsule-for-chilean-miners/19667140|archive-date=11 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=capsule>{{cite web
| url = http://www.theengineer.co.uk/design-engineering/news/nasa-designed-capsule-helps-free-chilean-miners/1005467.article
| title = NASA-designed capsule helps free Chilean miners
| date = 13 October 2010
| publisher = The Engineer
| access-date = 13 October 2010
| archive-date = 14 March 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120314020353/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/design-engineering/news/nasa-designed-capsule-helps-free-chilean-miners/1005467.article
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

The eventual capsule used to rescue the 33 men was the ''Fénix 2'', a device {{convert|54|cm|in|sp=us}} in diameter,<ref name="rescuecapsule"/> narrow enough to avoid hitting the sides of the tunnel. It had retractable wheels to allow for a smoother ride to the surface, an oxygen supply, lighting, video and voice communications, a reinforced roof to protect against rock falls, and an escape hatch with a safety device to allow the passenger to lower himself back down if the capsule became stuck.<ref name=minersspecial/><ref name="rescuecapsule">{{cite news|title=Chile miners: Engineers unveil 21 ins wide rescue capsule |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8002241/Chile-miners-engineers-unveil-21ins-wide-rescue-capsule.html| author = Govan, Fiona |newspaper=London Daily Telegraph| date=14 September 2010|access-date=17 September 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100917130714/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8002241/Chile-miners-engineers-unveil-21ins-wide-rescue-capsule.html| archive-date= 17 September 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

====Preparations for extraction====
Although drilling finished on 9 October 2010, [[Laurence Golborne]], Chilean Minister of Mining, announced that the rescue operation was not expected to begin before 12 October due to the complex preparatory work required on both the escape shaft and the extraction system site.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c3220804-d304-11df-9ae9-00144feabdc0.html "Chile mine rescue bid nears completion"] ''Financial Times'', 8 October 2010.</ref> These tasks included a borehole inspection to determine how much of the shaft needed [[casing (borehole)|casing]] to prevent rockfalls from jamming the escape capsule. Depending on the shaft casing requirement, installation of the requisite steel pipes could take up to 96 hours. After that, a large concrete platform for the winching rig to raise and lower the capsule had to be poured while the winching rig required assembly. Finally, thorough testing of the capsule and winching system together was required.

Golborne also indicated he expected only the first {{convert|100|–|200|m|sp=us}} of the shaft to be cased, a task that could be performed in only 10 hours.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1312964 |title=El histórico rescate de los mineros arrancará el martes próximo |publisher=La Nación On-Line |date=7 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101011085810/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1312964| archive-date=11 October 2010| url-status=live}}</ref> In the end, only the first {{convert|56|m|sp=us}} were deemed to require casing. Assembly of a safe lifting system took an additional 48 hours.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11509039 |title=Evacuation of Chile miners 'likely to start Wednesday' |work=BBC News|date=10 October 2010 |access-date=11 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101011043953/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11509039| archive-date= 11 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

Shortly before the extraction phase began, Golborne told reporters that rescuers estimated it would take about an hour to bring each miner to the surface. He therefore expected the lifting phase of the rescue operation to take up to 48 hours.<ref name=ChileanLift>{{cite news|title=Chile escape mine shaft lining 'completed'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11512355|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|work=BBC News|date = 11 October 2010 |access-date=12 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101012150327/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11512355| archive-date= 12 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

==Rescue operation ''San Lorenzo''==
[[File:Mina San José - Manuel González - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=Picture of the first rescuer with the Chilean President and fellow rescue workers before entering the rescue capsuleále|Manuel González, the first rescuer, preparing to descend]]
The rescue effort to retrieve the miners began on Tuesday, 12 October at 19:00 CLT. Dubbed {{lang|es|Operación San Lorenzo}} (Operation [[Lawrence of Rome|St. Lawrence]]) after the [[patron saint]] of miners,<!--Not relevant - whose statue at [[Copiapó]]'s church bears a [[miner's helmet]].---><ref name=Oppmann1/><ref>[http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Operation-St.-Lawrence-a-success,-all-33-Chilean-miners-saved-19716.html "Operation St. Lawrence a success, all 33 Chilean miners saved"], Asia News, 14 October 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.news.tradingcharts.com/futures/7/6/146842267.html "DJ First Of Trapped Chile Miners Returns To Surface In Rescue Ops"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717083231/http://www.news.tradingcharts.com/futures/7/6/146842267.html |date=17 July 2011 }}, 12 October 2010</ref> a three-hour initial delay ensued while final safety tests were carried out. At 23:18 CLT, the first rescuer, Manuel González, an experienced rescue expert and employee of Codelco, was lowered into the mine.<ref>[http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/chile-rescue-first-miners-out-after-69-days-undergorund/story-e6frg12c-1225938259664 "Chile Rescue: First miners out after 69 days underground"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016045335/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/chile-rescue-first-miners-out-after-69-days-undergorund/story-e6frg12c-1225938259664 |date=16 October 2010 }}&nbsp;– Perth Now&nbsp;– Copyright 2010&nbsp;– The Sunday Times, 13 October 2010</ref> During the 18-minute descent, the waiting families and surface rescue team members sang the {{lang|es|[[National Anthem of Chile|Canción Nacional]]}}, Chile's national anthem. González arrived in the collapsed mine and made contact with the miners at 23:36.

===Extraction===
Although Chilean officials played down the risks of the rescue, the miners still needed to be alert during the ascent in case of problems. As a result, and according to the rescue plan, the first four men to be brought up the narrow shaft were those "deemed the fittest of body and mind".<ref>Frank Bajak and Vivian Sequera, with contributions from Michael Warren and Eva Vergara [https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i075ahoJZZkuwcSyRJcUkUDZKuFQD9IQTCOO0?docId=D9IQTCOO0 Nearly half of the miners now free in Chile rescue]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Associated Press, 13 October 2010; Retrieved 16 October 2010</ref> Thereafter they would be best placed to inform the rescue team about conditions on the journey and report on the remaining miners. Once the four men had surfaced, the rescues proceeded in order of health, with the least healthy brought up from the mine first.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://newsofap.com/newsofap-27055-26-chile-eleventh-miner-jorge-galleguillos-rescued.html
| title = Chile : Eleventh miner, Jorge Galleguillos, rescued
| date = 13 October 2010
| publisher = NewsofAP.com
| access-date =13 October 2010
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101019002323/http://www.newsofap.com/newsofap-27055-26-chile-eleventh-miner-jorge-galleguillos-rescued.html| archive-date= 19 October 2010 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Procedure===
Six hours before the rescue, each miner switched to a liquid diet rich in sugars, minerals, and potassium.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lanacion.cl/mineros-comienzan-ayuno-6-horas-antes-del-rescate/noticias/2010-10-11/143649.html |title=Mineros comienzan ayuno 6 horas antes del rescate |publisher=LaNacion.cl |date=11 October 2010 |access-date=18 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014181929/http://www.lanacion.cl/mineros-comienzan-ayuno-6-horas-antes-del-rescate/noticias/2010-10-11/143649.html |archive-date=14 October 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Each took an aspirin to help avert [[thrombosis|blood clots]],<ref>Nathan Crooks and Randy Woods (11 October 2010), [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-10/trapped-chile-miners-eat-nasa-diet-aspirin-to-prepare-for-coming-rescue.html "Trapped Chile Miners Eat NASA Diet, Prepare for Rescue"] Bloomberg, retrieved 18 October 2010</ref> and wore a [[girdle]] to stabilize blood pressure. The miners also received moisture-resistant coveralls<ref name="New York Post Chile Mine article">[http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/amigos_welcome_back_from_hell_gEBMzxKf9WVBnZfxSmSWAK "Amigos, Welcome Back from Hell&nbsp;– Tears and cheers greet Chilean miners rescued after 68 days"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074354/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/amigos_welcome_back_from_hell_gEBMzxKf9WVBnZfxSmSWAK |date=16 October 2010 }} ''New York Post'', 13 October 2010, page 4.</ref> and sunglasses<ref name=shades>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/tech/sports-sunglasses-can-aid-chilean-miners-transition |title=Sports Sunglasses Can Aid Chilean Miners' Transition |agency=Associated Press |publisher=Fox News Channel |date=13 October 2010|access-date=14 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101016161607/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/10/13/sports-sunglasses-aim-ease-miners-transition/| archive-date= 16 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> to protect against the sudden exposure to sunlight. The capsule included oxygen masks, heart monitors, and video cameras.<ref name=capsule/>
After a miner was strapped into the {{convert|21|in|cm|sp=us}} wide capsule, it ascended about {{convert|1|m/s|mph|sp=us}}, taking 9 to 18 minutes to reach the surface. Piñera was present for each arrival during the 24-hour rescue.

After an alertness check, a miner would be taken by stretcher to a [[field hospital]] for initial evaluation;<ref name="New York Post Chile Mine article"/> none needed immediate treatment. Later they were taken by helicopter to Copiapó Hospital, {{convert|60|km|mi|sp=us}} away, for 24 to 48 hours of observation.<ref name="New York Post Chile Mine article"/>

===Rescue===
[[File:Mina San José - Luis Urzúa - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=Color image of the mining leader and the Chilean President leading rescue workers in a rendition of the Chilean anthem.|Urzúa celebrates with Piñera]]
The original plan called for two rescue workers to descend into the mine before bringing the first miner to the surface. However, to avoid delay, rescuers decided to bring a miner to the surface in the returning capsule that had taken González down. An "empty" trial run had taken place the previous day, with the capsule stopping just {{convert|15|m|ft|sp=us}} before the end of the shaft.<ref>[http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/national_world/stories/2010/10/12/trial-lowering-of-rescue-capsule-is-a-success.html "Trial lowering of rescue capsule is a success"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120728110130/http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/national_world/stories/2010/10/12/trial-lowering-of-rescue-capsule-is-a-success.html |date=28 July 2012 }}, ''[[The Columbus Dispatch]]'', 12 October 2010; Retrieved 17 October 2010</ref>

15 minutes later, after a further safety check, miner Florencio Ávalos began his ascent from the mine. TV cameras both inside the mine and on the surface captured the event and broadcast it worldwide. Urzúa was the last to ascend.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/08/trapped-chilean-miners-shaft-nears |location=London |work=The Guardian | first1=Sam | last1=Jones | first2=Jonathan | last2=Franklin | title=Trapped Chilean miners: rescue teams hope to start evacuation by Tuesday | date=8 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref>

Each transit of the capsule, whether up or down, was projected to take 15 minutes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/5/20101012/twl-live-chile-miners-rescue-begins-soon-3fd0ae9.html |title=Live: Chile Miners Rescue Begins Soon |publisher=Sky News |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=16 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015055147/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/5/20101012/twl-live-chile-miners-rescue-begins-soon-3fd0ae9.html |archive-date=2010-10-15 }}</ref> giving a total time of 33 hours for the rescue operation. In practice, after the capsule's first few transits, it became apparent that the trip might be shorter than the projected 15 minutes, and each rescue cycle should take less than 1 hour. As the eighteenth miner was brought to the surface, Chilean Mining Minister Laurence Golborne stated, "We have advanced at a faster time than we originally planned. I foresee we might conclude the whole operation before tonight."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Alison |last2=Couzens |first2=Jo |last3=Williams |first3=David |title=Live: Great Escape Of All 33 Chilean Miners |url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Mine-Rescue-Begins-Operation-To-Pull-Trapped-Chilean-Miners-To-Safety-Under-Way/Article/201010215757107?lpos=World_News_News_Your_Way_Region_6&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15757107_Chile_Mine_Rescue_Begins%3A_Operation_To_Pull_Trapped_Chilean_Miners_To_Safety_Under_Way |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=[[Sky News]] |date=14 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016132120/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Mine-Rescue-Begins-Operation-To-Pull-Trapped-Chilean-Miners-To-Safety-Under-Way/Article/201010215757107?lpos=World_News_News_Your_Way_Region_6&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15757107_Chile_Mine_Rescue_Begins%3A_Operation_To_Pull_Trapped_Chilean_Miners_To_Safety_Under_Way |archive-date=16 October 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

After stepping free from the rescuers and greeting his son, Urzúa embraced Piñera, saying, "I've delivered to you this shift of workers, as we agreed I would." The president replied, "I gladly receive your shift, because you completed your duty, leaving last like a good captain." Piñera went on to say, "You are not the same after this, and Chile won't be the same either."<ref name=timerescue>Tim Padgett (14 October 2010), [https://web.archive.org/web/20101017073220/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2025624,00.html "How the Miners Have Won Respect for Chile's Workers"], ''Time''.</ref>

A large Chilean flag that had hung in the mine chamber during the rescue was brought up by Luis Urzúa. Once all the miners had been extracted, the rescuers in the mine chamber displayed a banner reading {{lang|es|"Misión cumplida Chile"}} ("Mission accomplished Chile").<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2010/10/101014_video_chile_mineros_rescate_vale2.shtml "Fin del rescate de los mineros: una epopeya con final feliz"] BBC News Mundo-Noticias, 14 October 2010</ref> Manuel González was the first rescuer down and the last up, spending 25 hours 14 minutes in the mine. Rescuers needing to sleep did so in the mine to avoid tying up the capsule on rescue-delaying journeys to the surface. When the last rescuer surfaced, Piñera covered the top of the rescue shaft with a metal lid. Altogether, ''Fénix 2'' made 39 round trips, traveling a total distance of about {{convert|50|km|mi|sp=us}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11539784 |title=Lid is placed on Chile mine shaft |work=BBC News|date=14 October 2010 |access-date=14 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101017023737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11539784| archive-date= 17 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

===Order of miners and rescuers===
[[File:San Jose Mina - Mision cumplida - screen capture.jpg|thumb|alt=Slightly grainy color video capture image of the six rescuers displaying the famous ''"Mision Cumplida Chile"'' sign deep within [[San José Mine]] near Copiapo, Chile |Six rescuers with sign reading ''Mision Cumplida CHILE'' ("Mission accomplished CHILE")<ref name="misioncumplida">{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/misin-cumplida-chilean-miners-ordeal-comes-to-an-end-2106156.html |title=Misión cumplida: Chilean miners' ordeal comes to an end |last=Adams |first=Guy |website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925182851/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/misin-cumplida-chilean-miners-ordeal-comes-to-an-end-2106156.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]
Before the rescue, the trapped miners were divided into three groups to determine their exit order. From first to last these were: {{lang|es|"hábiles"}} (skilled), {{lang|es|"débiles"}} (weak) and {{lang|es|"fuertes"}} (strong).<ref>[http://www.elpais.com.uy/101012/ultmo-521431/ultimo-momento/hora-y-nombres-definidos-para-el-rescate "Hora y nombres definidos para el rescate"] ''El País'', 12 October 2010</ref> This grouping was based on the theory that the first men to exit should be those more skilled and in the best physical condition, as they would be better equipped to escape unaided in the event of a capsule malfunction or shaft collapse. They were also thought more able to communicate clearly any other problems to the surface rescue team. The second group included miners with medical problems, older men, and those with psychological issues. The final group comprised the most mentally tough, as they had to be able to endure the anxiety of the wait;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024752/http://prensalibre.com/internacionales/odisea/Rescate-mineros-chilenos-final-previsto_0_352764984.html Rescate mineros chilenos llega a fase final antes de lo previsto] ''Prensa Libre'' 13 October 2010</ref> in the words of Minister Mañalich, "they don't care to stay another 24 hours inside the mine".

The leaving order was as shown below:<!---This is already detailed above - The penultimate miner rescued, Ariel Ticona, was tasked with communications. The last, surveyor Luis Urzúa, was the shift foreman on the day of the collapse and the group leader during the confinement.<ref>[http://www.colpisa.com/motor/motor.php?seccion=48&id_noticia=289360&fecha_tema= "Vincular a Todo Listo Para El Rescate De Los Mineros"] Colpisa Clasico, 12 October 2010</ref> -->
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
!<!--Order-->
! colspan="6"|Rescued miners
|-
!Order
!Name
!Age<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11170852 |work=BBC News | title=Jubilation as Chile mine rescue ends | date=13 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110518233756/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11170852| archive-date= 18 May 2011| url-status=live}}</ref>
!Time&nbsp;([[Time in Chile|CLDT]])<ref name="CNNBreaking"/><ref name="TelegraphLive"/>
!Cycle&nbsp;time<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/9086813.stm |title=As it happened: Chile mine rescue|work=BBC News |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=18 October 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101018194617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/9086813.stm| archive-date= 18 October 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>
!class=unsortable|Comments<ref name=minerprofiles>Nick Allen [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8057102/Chile-miners-rescue-profiles-of-the-33-men.html Chile miners rescue: profiles of the 33 men], London Daily Telegraph, 12 October 2010</ref>
|-
|1||Florencio Ávalos||31||13 October 00:11||0:51||Recorded video footage to be sent up to families on the surface. He had helped to get his brother Renan a job in the mine.
|-
|2||Mario Sepúlveda||40||13 October 01:10||1:00||An electrical specialist known as "the presenter" because he acted as a spokesman and guide on videos that the miners made. He ended one video with "Over to you in the studio."
|-
|3||class=nowrap|Juan Andrés Illanes||52||13 October 02:07||0:57||A former [[Chilean Army]] corporal who served in the [[Beagle conflict|Beagle Conflict]], a border dispute with neighboring [[Argentina]].
|-
|4||Carlos Mamani||24||13 October 03:11||1:04||The only Bolivian among the 33, a heavy machinery operator who moved to Chile a decade prior to the incident.
|-
|5||Jimmy Sánchez||19||13 October 04:11||1:00||Given the responsibility of checking air quality<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/09/chilean-miners-typical-day "Chilean miners: A typical day in the life of a subterranean miner"], ''The Guardian'', 9 September 2010.</ref> and the youngest man trapped. He had only been a miner for five months and had just had a baby daughter.
|-
|6||Osmán Araya||30||13 October 05:35||1:24||In a video message he told his wife and baby daughter Britany: "I will fight to the end to be with you."
|-
|7||José Ojeda||46|| 13 October 06:22||0:47||Penned the famous note {{lang|es|"Estamos bien en el refugio, los 33"}} (English: ''"We are well in the shelter, the 33"''), which was discovered attached to a probe 17 days after the mine collapse.<ref name=famousnote>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11605409 "Message which brought hope now copyright of Chile miner"], BBC News, 20 October 2010</ref> He is a grandfather who suffers from kidney problems and has been on medication for diabetes.
|-
|8||Claudio Yáñez||34||13 October 07:04||0:42||A drill operator. His longtime partner Cristina Núñez accepted his marriage proposal while he was underground.
|-
|9||Mario Gómez||63*||13 October 08:00||0:56||The eldest of the trapped miners, he had been thinking of retiring that November. (Note: *Multiple reliable sources have reported his age as between 60 and 65.) He died on September 21, 2024 at the age of 74 due to an illness.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.publimetro.cl/noticias/2024/09/21/a-los-74-anos-de-edad-muere-uno-de-los-33-mineros-rescatados-de-la-mina-san-jose-el-2010/ |work=Publimetro | title=A los 74 años de edad muere uno de los 33 mineros rescatados de la mina San José el 2010 | date=September 21, 2024| access-date= September 22, 2024 |language=es}}</ref>
|-
|10||Álex Vega||31||13 October 08:53||0:53||Suffers from kidney problems and hypertension. Had worked in the mine for nine years.
|-
|11||Jorge Galleguillos||56||13 October 09:31||0:38||Suffers from hypertension.
|-
|12||Edison Peña||34||13 October 10:13||0:42||The group's song leader, he requested that Elvis Presley songs be sent down the mine. The fittest miner, he had reportedly been running {{Convert|10|km|sp=us}} a day while underground. He ran in the [[New York City Marathon]] in 2010<ref>{{cite news |title=Chilean miner wins NY hearts by finishing marathon |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-marathon-miner-idUSTRE6A62N320101107 |work=Reuters |date=7 November 2010 |access-date=7 November 2011 |last=Fine |first=Larry}}</ref> and 2011,<ref name="drop">{{cite news |url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/Chilean_miner_Pena_drops_out_of_NYC_Marathon.html |title=Chilean miner Pena drops out of NYC Marathon |agency=Associated Press |date=6 November 2011 |access-date=7 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203185617/http://www.northjersey.com/news/Chilean_miner_Pena_drops_out_of_NYC_Marathon.html |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> and the [[Tokyo Marathon]] in February 2011.<ref name="drop"/>
|-
|13||Carlos Barrios||27||13 October 10:55||0:42||A part-time miner who also drives a taxi and likes horse racing. He was said to be unhappy with interference from psychologists.
|-
|14||Víctor Zamora||33||13 October 11:32||0:37||A mechanic who only went into the mine on the day of the collapse to fix a vehicle. He was also in the [[2010 Chile earthquake]].
|-
|15||Víctor Segovia||48||13 October 12:08||0:36||An electrician and father of four who told his family: "This hell is killing me. When I sleep I dream we are in an oven."
|-
|16||Daniel Herrera||27||13 October 12:50||0:42||Truck driver, was given the role of medical assistant in the mine.
|-
|17||Omar Reygadas||56||13 October 13:39||0:49||A bulldozer operator whose children kept a diary of their life above ground shown on [[BBC]] News.
|-
|18||Esteban Rojas||44||13 October 14:49||1:10||Told his longtime partner Jessica Yáñez that he would marry her in a church as soon as he got out.
|-
|19||Pablo Rojas||45||13 October 15:28||0:39||He had worked in the mine for less than six months when the accident happened. His brother Esteban was trapped with him.
|-
|20||Darío Segovia||48||13 October 15:59||0:31||A drill operator, he is the son of a miner, and his father was once trapped for a week underground. His sister María led prayers at Camp Hope, the makeshift settlement that sprang up at the mine's entrance.
|-
|21||Yonni Barrios||50||13 October 16:31||0:32||Served as the group medic and supervised their medical care.
|-
|22||Samuel Ávalos||43||13 October 17:04||0:33||A father-of-three who had worked in the mine for five months.
|-
|23||Carlos Bugueño||27||13 October 17:33||0:29||Friends with fellow trapped miner Pedro Cortez.
|-
|24||José Henríquez||54||13 October 17:59||0:26||A preacher who has worked in mining for 33 years, he had become the miners' pastor and organized daily prayers.
|-
|25||Renán Ávalos||29||13 October 18:24||0:25||Trapped along with his older brother Florencio.
|-
|26||Claudio Acuña||44||13 October 18:51||0:27||Had his birthday in the mine on 9 September.
|-
|27||[[Franklin Lobos]]||53||13 October 19:18||0:27||A former football player known as the "magic mortar".
|-
|28||Richard Villarroel||27||13 October 19:45||0:27||A mechanic who had worked in the mine for two years.
|-
|29||Juan Carlos Aguilar||49||13 October 20:13||0:28||A married father of one.
|-
|30||Raúl Bustos||40||13 October 20:37||0:24||A hydraulics engineer who was in the February 2010 Chile earthquake. He moved north, finding work at the mine to support his wife and two children.
|-
|31||Pedro Cortez||26||13 October 21:02||0:25||Went to school near the mine. He and his friend Carlos Bugueno, who was also trapped, started work there at the same time.
|-
|32||Ariel Ticona||29||13 October 21:30||0:28||The group's communications specialist. His wife gave birth to a daughter on 14 Sep and he watched the arrival on video. He named his daughter Esperanza, which means "Hope".
|-
|33||Luis Urzúa||54||13 October 21:55||0:25||The shift foreman, known as [[Don (honorific)|Don]] Lucho by other miners, took a leading role while they were trapped and made more accurate maps of their cave for the rescue crews.
|}

Note: Early in the disaster, the Chilean newspaper ''[[El Mercurio]]'' published a widely circulated, but incorrect, early list of the miners' names with two errors: it omitted Esteban Rojas and Claudio Acuña, and wrongly included the names of Roberto López Bordones and William Órdenes. The list above is correct and up to date according to the Ministry of Mining website.<ref name=mininglist>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010800/http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/w3-article-9340.html "¿Quiénes son los 33 mineros? (Who are the 33 Miners?)"] (Spanish) (THIS LIST IS CORRECT), Chilean Ministry of Mining Official Website, Chile, 12 October 2010.</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
!<!--Order-->
! colspan="7"|Rescue workers who descended
|-
!Order descended
!Rescue worker<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101013/wl_afp/chileminingaccidentdescent |title=Rescuer reaches trapped men in Chile mine |work=Yahoo! News |date=12 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016231736/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101013/wl_afp/chileminingaccidentdescent |archive-date=2010-10-16}}</ref><ref name=Emol1>[http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=440996 Minuto a minuto: Mineros arriban al hospital de Copiapó y "Fénix II" reinicia labores] (Spanish) Emol Chile, 13 October 2010</ref><ref name=chilemilitary>[http://www.mercuriovalpo.cl/prontus4_noticias/site/artic/20101015/pags/20101015000408.html "Dramáticas historias tras el histórico rescate"], ''El Mercurio'', 15 October 2010 (Spanish)</ref>
!Affiliation<ref name=chilemilitary/><ref>Frank Bajak and Vivian Sequera [http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/10/11/v-mobile_newsletter/1867462/chiles-miners-heroes-but-fame.html Dramatic endgame nears for trapped Chile miners], The Miami Herald, 11 October 2010 {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
!Descent time ([[Time in Chile|CLDT]])<ref name=Emol1/>
!Extraction time ([[Time in Chile|CLDT]])<ref name=Emol1/>
!Time spent inside mine<ref name=Emol1/>
!Cycle time<ref name=Emol1/><ref>By comparing his descent time with the times in the "Rescued miners" list</ref>
!Down trip no.<ref name=Emol1/>
|-
|1.
|Manuel González
|[[El Teniente|El Teniente Mine]]||12 October 23:18|||14 October 00:32||25:14||0:27||1
|-
|2.
|Roberto Ríos, [[Sergeant|Sgt]]
|[[Chilean Marine Corps]]||13 October 00:16||14 October 00:05||23:49||0:23||2
|-
|3.
|Patricio Robledo, [[Corporal|Cpl]]
|[[Chilean Marine Corps]]||13 October 01:18||13 October 23:42||22:24||0:25||3
|-
|4.
|Jorge Bustamante
|[[El Teniente|El Teniente Mine]]||13 October 10:22||13 October 23:17||12:55||0:24||13
|-
|5.
|Patricio Sepúlveda, [[Corporal|Cpl]]
|[[GOPE]] (national police medic)||13 October 12:14||13 October 22:53||10:39||0:23||16
|-
|6.
|Pedro Rivero
|Carola Mine||13 October 19:23||13 October 22:30||3:07||0:35||28
|}
Notes:
# The extraction times for the rescuers are correct but may be out of order and not listed next to the actual corresponding rescue worker.
# "Down trip no." is the sequence number of the capsule journey that he was sent down on.

==Timeline of events==
{{Graphical timeline
|from=-5
|to=90
|scale-increment=5
|align=center
|title=2010 Copiapó mining accident timeline
|title-colour=ffffff
|plot-colour=ffffff
|width=8.5
<!--NOTE: IMPORTANT! BARS, NOTES AND LEGENDS ARE GROUPED BY FUNCTION FOR EASE OF EDITING BUT THE LAYERS ARE DRAWN IN THEIR NUMBERED ORDER. -->
<!--START MONTHS BARS-->
|bar1-from=-5
|bar1-to=25
|legend1=August
|bar1-left=0
|bar1-right=2
|bar1-colour=#FBCEB1
|bar2-from=25
|bar2-to=56
|legend2=September
|bar2-left=0
|bar2-right=2
|bar2-colour=#EFDECD
|bar3-from=56
|bar3-to=90
|legend3=October
|bar3-left=0
|bar3-right=2
|bar3-colour=#FAEBD7
<!--END MONTHS BARS-->
<!--START MINERS BARS-->
|bar4-from=0
|bar4-to=17
|bar4-left=0.0
|bar4-right=0.2
|bar4-colour=#8C0036
|legend4=[[#Accident|{{nowrap|5 August 2010: Miners trapped}}]]
|bar5-from=17
|bar5-to=69
|bar5-left=0.0
|bar5-right=0.2
|bar5-colour=#C5316B
|legend5=[[#Discovery|{{nowrap|22 August 2010: Miners found alive}}]]
|bar11-from=69
|bar11-to=80
|bar11-left=0.0
|bar11-right=0.2
|bar11-colour=#C55883
|legend11=[[#Miners post-rescue|{{nowrap|Miners after rescue}}]]
<!--END MINERS BARS-->
<!--START DRILLING BARS-->
|bar6-from=25
|bar6-to=60
|bar6-left=0.2
|bar6-right=0.4
|bar6-colour=#1B774F
|bar6-text=A
|legend6=[[#Plan A|Plan A – Strata 950]]
|bar7-from=30
|bar7-to=60
|bar7-left=0.4
|bar7-right=0.6
|bar7-colour=#94A4DE
|bar7-text=B
|legend7=[[#Plan B|Plan B – Schramm T130]]
|bar8-from=42
|bar8-to=60
|bar8-left=0.6
|bar8-right=0.8
|bar8-colour=#7CD0AC
|bar8-text=C
|legend8=[[#Plan C|Plan C – RIG-421]]
<!--END DRILLING BARS-->
<!--START MISCELLANEOUS BARS-->
|bar9-from=38
|bar9-to=40
|bar9-left=0.0
|bar9-right=2.0
|bar9-colour=#BCA19F
|bar9-text=[[Bicentennial of Chile|<small>'''Chilean Bicentennial holiday'''</small>]]
|bar9-nudge-up=0.1
|bar10-from=60
|bar10-to=69
|bar10-left=0.4
|bar10-right=0.6
|bar10-colour=#1C3D75
|legend10=[[#Extraction plans|{{nowrap|''Operación San Lorenzo''}}]]
<!--END MISCELLANEOUS BARS-->
<!--BEGIN NOTES-->
|note1=[[#Accident|{{nowrap|'''5 Aug 2010: 33 miners trapped'''}} <br />{{nowrap|'''(day 01)'''}}]]
|note1-at=1
|note1-nudge-left=6
|note2='''[[#Discovery|{{nowrap|22 August 2010: 33 miners}} {{nowrap|discovered alive (day 17)}}]]'''
|note2-at=17
|note2-nudge-left=6
|note3='''[[#Rescue|{{nowrap|13 Oct: 33 miners}} <br />{{nowrap|rescued (day 69)}}]]'''
|note3-at=69
|note3-nudge-left=3
|note4=[[#Miners post-rescue|{{nowrap|15 Oct: 31 of 33 miners home}}]]
|note4-at=72
|note4-nudge-left=6
|note5='''[[#Legacy and aftermath|{{nowrap|24 October 2010: 33 miners }}<br />{{nowrap|honoured in Santiago, Chile}}]]'''
|note5-at=80
|note5-nudge-left=6
|note6=[[#Plan A|30 Aug – 9 Oct: Plan A drilling]]
|note6-at=25
|note6-nudge-left=4.75
|note7=[[#Plan B|5 Sep – 9 Oct: Plan B drilling]]
|note7-at=32
|note7-nudge-left=3
|note8=[[#Plan C|19 Sep – 9 Oct: Plan C drilling]]
|note8-at=46
|note8-nudge-left=1.7
|note9='''[[#Survival|24 September: {{nowrap|old survival record}}]]'''
|note9-at=53
|note9-nudge-left=1.7
|note10=[[#Drilling results|9 October: {{nowrap|drilling complete}}]]
|note10-at=60
|note10-nudge-left=1.7
|note11=[[#Extraction plans|'''''{{nowrap|Operación San Lorenzo}}''''']]
|note11-nudge-up=0.1
|note11-at=62
|note11-nudge-left=3
<!--END NOTES-->
|caption='''Day 01 = 5 August 2010'''
}}
This is a general [[chronology]] of the events, from the beginning:
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|08|05|df=y}}|event=Rock-fall at the San José mine in the [[Atacama Desert]] in northern Chile leaves 33 gold and copper miners trapped 700 metres (2,296 ft) below ground.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|08|07|df=y}}|event=Second collapse hampers rescue efforts and blocks access to lower parts of the mine. Rescuers begin drilling [[boreholes]] to send down listening devices.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|08|22|df=y}}|event=17 days after the first collapse, a note is found attached to one of the drill bits, saying: {{lang|es|"Estamos bien en el refugio, los 33"}} (English: ''"We are well in the shelter, the 33"''). The miners were in a shelter having lunch when the first collapse occurred, and had survived on rations. Food, medical supplies, clothes and bedding began to be sent down the borehole.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|08|27|df=y}}|event=The miners send first video greetings to the surface.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|08|30|df=y}}|event=First attempt to drill a hole to rescue the men, Plan A, begins.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|09|05|df=y}}|event=Plan B drilling begins.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|09|18|df=y}}|event=Miners celebrate [[Bicentennial of Chile|Chilean Bicentennial]] holiday underground.<ref name=telbicen>Philip Sherwell [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8011622/Trapped-Chilean-miners-celebrate-national-day-with-meat-pies-feast.html Trapped Chilean miners celebrate national day with meat pies feast], London Daily Telegraph, 18 September 2010</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|09|19|df=y}}|event=Plan C drilling begins.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|09|24|df=y}}|event=Miners had now been trapped underground for 50 days, longer than anyone else in history.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|09|df=y}}|event=Plan B drill breaks through to the miners' workshop.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|11|df=y}}|event={{lang|es|"Fénix 2"}} rescue capsule is tested to ensure that it can pass up and down the newly completed shaft.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|12|df=y}}|event=Rescue begins at 23:20 [[Time in Chile|CLDT]].}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|13|df=y}}|event=At 21:56 [[Time in Chile|CLDT]] the last of the 33 miners is brought to the surface.<ref name="Tears of joy as Chile miners complete their great escape"/>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|14|df=y}}|event=First three miners released from hospital.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|15|df=y}}|event=28 more miners released from hospital, two remain for further treatment; dental and psychological follow-up.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|16|df=y}}|event=Mario Sepúlveda discharged from hospital after additional psychological tests.}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|19|df=y}}|event=Víctor Zamora released from hospital after dental problems.<ref name= sundaymass>{{cite news |last= Raphael |first=Angie |url= http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/freed-miners-return-to-camp-hope/story-e6frf7jx-1225939966063 |title= Freed miners return to Camp Hope|work=Herald Sun |location= Australia |date= 18 October 2010 |access-date= 18 October 2010}}</ref>}}
* {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|2010|10|25|df=y}}|event=Rescued miners honored at the {{lang|es|"[[La Moneda]]"}} presidential palace, met with President [[Sebastián Piñera]], posed for pictures with the {{lang|es|"Fénix 2"}} capsule and played a friendly game of football against a government team at the [[Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos|Julio Martínez Prádanos National Stadium]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11547889 "Chile: First rescued miners leave hospital"] BBC News, 15 October 2010.</ref>}}

==Reaction to the rescue==
[[File:Sebastián Piñera - Reina Isabel.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Color image of Chilean President Piñera and the First Lady present a souvenir gift rock from the San Jose Mine to Elizabeth II on 18 October 2010 during a state visit to the UK|Piñera and his wife present a souvenir rock from the mine to [[Elizabeth II]] on 18 October 2010.]]

{{Main|Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident}}

[[President of Chile|Chilean President]] [[Sebastián Piñera]] and First Lady [[Cecilia Morel]] were present during the rescue. [[President of Bolivia|Bolivian President]] [[Evo Morales]] was also scheduled to be there but did not arrive in time to see the rescue of the trapped Bolivian miner, Carlos Mamani.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/oct/12/chilean-miners-rescue-live-coverage |location=London |work=The Guardian | first1=Mark | last1=Tran | first2=Matthew | last2=Weaver | first3=Adam | last3=Gabbatt | title=Chilean miners rescue – part 1 | date=12 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110125181240/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2010/oct/12/chilean-miners-rescue-live-coverage| archive-date=25 January 2011| url-status=live}}</ref> Morales visited Mamani at a hospital along with Piñera later in the day.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2010/10/13/el-boliviano-carlos-mamani-recibe-la-visita-del-presidente-evo-morales | work=CNN | title=Pulso | date=13 October 2010 | access-date=6 November 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226055806/http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2010/10/13/el-boliviano-carlos-mamani-recibe-la-visita-del-presidente-evo-morales | archive-date=26 December 2011}}</ref> A number of foreign leaders contacted Piñera to express solidarity and pass on congratulations to Chile while rescue efforts were underway. They included the Presidents of [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner|Argentina]], [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Brazil]], [[Juan Manuel Santos|Colombia]], [[Alan García|Peru]], [[Jacob Zuma|South Africa]], [[José Mujica|Uruguay]], [[Hugo Chávez|Venezuela]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2010/10/101013_ultnot_pinera_recibe_felicitaciones_mandatarios_pl.shtml ''Lula, Chávez, Cristina Fernández y David Cameron felicitan a Piñera''] BBC News Mundo, 13 October 2010. (Spanish)</ref><ref name=southafrica>[http://www.buanews.gov.za/news/10/10101408551001 "Historic rescue completed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020112537/http://www.buanews.gov.za/news/10/10101408551001 |date=20 October 2010 }}, South African Government, 14 October 2010</ref> and [[Bronisław Komorowski|Poland]],<ref>[http://www.president.pl/en/news/news/art,153,president-congratulates-chile.html "President congratulates Chile"] Prezydent.pl, 14 October 2010.</ref> as well as the Prime Ministers of the [[David Cameron|United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11536093 |work=BBC News | title=David Cameron congratulates Chilean President on rescue | date=13 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref> [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero|Spain]] and [[Brian Cowen|Ireland]], (who also wrote personally to the Chilean president and the [[County Clare]]-based designers and manufacturers of the rescue drill).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/cowen-congratulates-chile-on-rescue-operation-477634.html | work=BreakingNews.ie | title=Cowen congratulates Chile on rescue operation | date=14 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref> Other foreign leaders including [[President of Mexico|Mexican President]] [[Felipe Calderón]]<ref name=NK1>[http://www.newkerala.com/news/world/fullnews-62059.html "Celebrations erupt across Chile as first men emerge from mine"] New Kerala, 13 October 2010</ref> and [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Barack Obama]]<ref name=NK1/><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/14/world/americas/14obamachile.html | work=The New York Times | title=Obama Salutes Chile and Rescue | date=13 October 2010| access-date= 28 May 2011 }}</ref> praised the rescue efforts and passed on their hopes and prayers to the miners and their families. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] left a video message in Spanish praying for the success of the rescue operation.<ref>[http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=16904 "Pope prays for Chilean miners"] ''Independent Catholic News'', 13 October 2010</ref>

After the successful rescue, Piñera gave a speech on location in which he praised Chile, saying that he was "proud to be the president of all Chileans." He invoked Chile's recently passed [[Bicentennial of Chile|Bicentennial]] celebrations and said that the miners were rescued with "unity, hope and faith." He thanked [[Hugo Chávez]] and Morales, amongst others, for their calls of support and solidarity. He also said that those responsible for the collapse of the mine would be punished, and that there would be a "new deal" for the workers.<ref name=guardianprez>Rory Carroll [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/17/sebastian-pinera-luis-urzua-chile When the miners' leader met the president, two sides of Chile embraced], The Guardian, 17 October 2010</ref><ref name=prezspeech>[http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/destacados/2010/10/13/presidente-pinera-tras-el-rescate-de-los-33-mineros-chile-hoy-dia-esta-mas-unido-y-mas-fuer.htm Presidente Piñera tras el rescate de los 33 mineros: "Chile hoy día está más unido y más fuerte que nunca"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019191505/http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/destacados/2010/10/13/presidente-pinera-tras-el-rescate-de-los-33-mineros-chile-hoy-dia-esta-mas-unido-y-mas-fuer.htm |date=19 October 2010 }} (Spanish), Chilean Presidential Web Site, Speech Extracts, 13 October 2010</ref>

==Miners post-rescue==
All but two of the men went home within 48 hours of their rescue, and by 19 October all had left the hospital.<ref name= telegraphblows>Fiona Govan and Aislinn Laing (15 October 2010), [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8067501/Chile-miners-came-to-blows-but-swore-to-keep-details-secret.html "Chile Miners Came to Blows, but Swore to Keep Details Secret"], ''The Daily Telegraph'', London.</ref><ref name="Raphael (2010)">{{cite news |last=Raphael |first=Angie |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/freed-miners-return-to-camp-hope/story-e6frf7jx-1225939966063 |title=Freed Miners Return to Camp Hope |work=Herald Sun |location=Australia |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=18 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Sherwell (2010)">{{cite news |last=Sherwell |first=Philip |title=Chile Miners' New Battle to Adapt to Normality |date=16 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8068674/Chile-miners-new-battle-to-adapt-to-normality.html |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421075810/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8068674/Chile-miners-new-battle-to-adapt-to-normality.html |archive-date=21 April 2013 |url-status=live}}.</ref>

[[File:President Piñera and miners in Copiapó Hospital.jpg|thumb|alt=Color image of President Piñera visiting the rescued miners, who are dressed in hospital robes and pajamas while seated and standing in a semi-circle in a hospital room|Piñera visiting the miners in Copiapó Hospital]]

Doctors felt the men had coped unexpectedly well physically with their time underground. Piñera even challenged the men to a friendly football game and invited them to visit the presidential palace and the opening of a transcontinental highway.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hennigan |first=Tom |title=Media Carnival Follows Still Vulnerable Miners |date=16 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/media-carnival-follows-still-vulnerable-miners-1.664427 |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20151020232620/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/media-carnival-follows-still-vulnerable-miners-1.664427 |archive-date=20 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at the New York University [[Langone Medical Center]], said that lack of sunlight could cause problems with muscles, bones, and other organs. Jane Aubin, scientific director of the Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis at the [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research]], said the miners would have to be monitored closely: "They haven't been as physically active as you would want [them] to be, so they have undoubtedly experienced some muscle loss.&nbsp;... Probably after that extended period of time, in both a confined space and in relative darkness, they've also probably experienced some [[Osteoporosis|bone loss]]."<ref name="Alphonso (2010)">{{cite news |last=Alphonso |first=Caroline |title=Miners Watched Closely for Physical and Mental Health Problems |date=14 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/miners-watched-closely-for-physical-and-mental-health-problems/article1758120/ |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204002518/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/miners-watched-closely-for-physical-and-mental-health-problems/article1758120/ |archive-date=4 February 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Officials considered canceling plans for a Thanksgiving Mass for the men and their families at Camp Hope on 17 October over fears that a premature return to the site could be too stressful. "It's not a good idea that they go back to the mine so soon", said psychologist Iturra.{{r|Sherwell (2010)}} Jorge Díaz, head of the miners' medical team at Copiapó regional hospital, said: "We have a group of workers who are absolutely normal people, they weren't selected from a group of applicants to be astronauts, nor were they people who underwent rigorous tests, therefore we don't know when the [[post-traumatic stress syndrome]] can appear."{{r|Rescued Men Attend (2010)}}

In the years after the accident, although initially they enjoyed worldwide fame, gifts of motorcycles, and invitations to Disney World and the Greek Islands, many spiraled, suffering psychologically and financially. Some found they could not get new mining jobs due to concerns that potential employers had about their mental health and the publicity that could follow. Some, like Jorge Galleguillos, adapted by finding related work, leading tours around the San Jose mining site. Others battled alcohol and drug addiction. Mario Sepulveda, who was called "Super Mario" for his positive and energetic personality admitted to fighting suicidal thoughts, saying, "People saw the pictures of the rescue and they thought our hell was over. In fact it was just beginning."<ref>{{Cite web |title=What happened to the 33 Chilean miners rescued in 2010? |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/on-this-day-chilean-miners-rescue-192511085.html |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Yahoo News |date=12 October 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Activities===
On Sunday, 17 October 2010, six of the 33 rescued miners attended a [[multi-denominational]] memorial Mass led by an evangelical pastor and a Roman Catholic priest at {{lang|es|"Campamento Esperanza"}} (Camp Hope) where anxious relatives had awaited the men's return. Some of the rescuers who helped bring the miners to the surface also attended.{{r|Raphael (2010)}}<ref name="Rescued Men Attend (2010)">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Chile Mine: Rescued Men Attend Service of Thanks |date=18 October 2010 |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-11561355 |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114072639/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11561355 |archive-date=14 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Reporters and cameras mobbed the miners, prompting the police to intervene to protect them. Omar Reygadas' family was swarmed by the media after they left the service, and his 2-year-old great-granddaughter started crying when pushed by the crowd. As Reygadas picked her up, the cameras zoomed in. Reygadas stayed calm but offered his only answer in response to their questions: "I've had nightmares these days", Reygadas said from inside a small tent while reporters jockeyed for position, "but the worst nightmare is all of you."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barrionuevo |first1=Alexei |last2=Romero |first2=Simon |author-link2=Simon Romero |title=Rescued Miners' Secrecy Pact Erodes in Spotlight |date=17 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |department=Americas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/world/americas/18chile.html?_r=1&hp |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180705010820/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/world/americas/18chile.html?_r=1&hp |archive-date=5 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Based on their experience, the miners plan to start a foundation to help in the field of mine safety. Yonni Barrios said: "We're thinking about creating a foundation to solve [safety] problems in the mining industry. With this, with the experience that we had had, God help us, we should be able to solve these problems." Juan Illanes told El Mercurio: "We have to decide how to direct our project so this type of thing never happens again. It needs to be done, but these things don't happen quickly".<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Chile Miners Plan Mine Safety Group |date=18 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/chile-miners-plan-mine-safety-group-20101018-16pct.html |access-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231061923/http://www.smh.com.au/world/chile-miners-plan-mine-safety-group-20101018-16pct.html |archive-date=31 December 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 October 2010, the miners attended a reception hosted by Piñera at the presidential palace in the capital, Santiago, and were awarded medals celebrating Chile's independence bicentennial. Outside, the men posed for photographs next to the Fénix rescue capsule that had winched them to the surface, now installed in the main square in Santiago. Afterwards, at the National Stadium, the freed miners played a football match against a team that included Piñera; Laurence Golborne, the mining minister; and Jaime Manalich, the health minister. Team {{lang|es|"Esperanza"}} (Hope), led by Franklin Lobos, all wore the number "33", but lost 3–2 to the government team.<ref name=football>Fiona Govan (25 October 2010), [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8086413/Chiles-saved-miners-play-football-match-against-their-rescuers.html "Chile's Saved Miners Play Football Match Against Their Rescuers"], ''The Daily Telegraph'', London.</ref>

In November 2010, miners visited Los Angeles, appearing in a taping of [[CNN]] "Heroes."<ref>Dennis Romero (18 November 2010), [http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2010/11/chilean_miners_los_angeles.php "Chilean Miners Visit Los Angeles, Hollywood: CNN 'Heroes' Taping Planned"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121201457/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2010/11/chilean_miners_los_angeles.php |date=21 November 2010 }}, Los Angeles Weekly. Retrieved 7 June 2011</ref> On 13 December 2010, 26 of the rescued miners, including [[Franklin Lobos]], went on invitation to a [[Manchester United]] training session at [[Carrington, Greater Manchester]] in England.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-11985807 |work=BBC News |title=Rescued Chile Miners Meet Manchester United Players |date=13 December 2010 |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> In February 2011, 31 of the 33 miners were hosted by the [[Israeli Ministry of Tourism]] for an eight-day pilgrimage of Christian and Jewish holy sites.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jpost.com/VideoArticles/Video/Article.aspx?id=209466 |title=Chilean Miners Arrive for 'Pilgrimage of Thanks' |last=Lidman |first=Melanie |date=23 February 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref>

==Legacy and aftermath==
[[File:Mina San José - Los 33 at Moneda Ceremony - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=Color image of Los 33 miners attending a ceremony hosted by President Piñera at the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010 after their rescue from the San Jose Mine|''Los 33'' at the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010]]

===Political===
Immediately following the San José mine collapse, Piñera dismissed top officials from the ''[[Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile]]'' (SERNAGEOMIN), Chile's mining regulatory agency and vowed to undertake a major overhaul of the department in light of the accident.<ref name="Guardian-4months"/> In the days following the collapse, eighteen mines were shut down and a further 300 put under threat of possible closure.<ref name="cleardebris">{{cite news|title=Trapped Chilean miners face long shifts to keep their refuge clear of debris|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/26/trapped-chilean-miners-clear-debris| author = Franklin, Jonathan |work=The Guardian |location=London | date=26 August 2010|access-date=27 August 2010 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100829060720/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/26/trapped-chilean-miners-clear-debris| archive-date= 29 August 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

On 25 October 2010, ahead of schedule, Piñera received a preliminary report by the Commission on Work Safety established in response to the incident. The report was a direct result of the Copiapó accident and contained 30 proposals ranging from improvements in hygiene to better coordination between local regulatory authorities. Although the commission had set 22 November 2010 as the date to deliver its final report, it reported that job safety inspections in Santiago and regions throughout Chile had allowed them to obtain a clear picture of the situation earlier than anticipated. In total, the commission held 204 hearings and reviewed 119 suggestions that came from online input.<ref name=safetysantiagotimes/>
Throughout the incident, Piñera stressed that cost was of no object with regard to rescuing the miners. The operation was expensive with estimates surpassing US$20&nbsp;million, excluding expenses in building, maintaining and securing {{lang|es|"Campamento Esperanza"}} (Camp Hope). These costs exceed the total business debt of the mine's owner, the San Esteban Mining Company, which currently stands at around US$19&nbsp;million. The state mining company Codelco contributed about 75% to rescue costs with private companies donating services worth more than US$5&nbsp;million.<ref name=costsantiago>Dominique Farrell (13 October 2010), [http://www.santiagotimes.cl/news/other/19977-final-cost-for-chile-mine-rescue-is-tallied- "Final Cost For Chile Mine Rescue Is Tallied"], ''Santiago Times'' (English).</ref>
[[File:Mina San José - Los 33 in the Blue Room at Presidential Palace with President and First Lady - Gobierno de Chile.jpg|thumb|alt=Color image of''Los 33'' miners posing with the President and First Lady of Chile in the Blue Room of the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010|Los 33 miners posing with the President and First Lady of Chile in the Blue Room of the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010]]
The French credit rating agency [[Coface]] declared that the dramatic mining rescue would have a positive impact on Chile's economic reputation. "It provides to international investors an image of a country where you can do safe [sic] business", Coface's UK managing director, Xavier Denecker, said. "It gives a good impression in terms of technology, solidarity and efficiency." Coface rates countries according to the probability of private sector companies being successful. Chile holds its highest rating in South America: A2. The UK, in comparison, is rated at A3.<ref name=guardiancredit>Andrew Clark (17 October 2010), [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/oct/17/mining-rescue-chile-credit-rating "Mining rescue lifts Chile's credit rating up into the light"], ''The Guardian'', London.</ref>

===Legal===
Following the accident, a lawsuit was filed against the San Esteban Mining Company by relatives of those trapped, while a judge froze US$2&nbsp;million of its assets. A lawyer for several of the miners' families described this as a refutation of the company's claims of "not having even enough money to pay salaries".<ref name="cleardebris"/>

On 21 October, San Esteban Mining Company Operations Chief Carlos Pinilla and mine manager Pedro Simunovic issued a signed public statement insisting that no company official "had the slightest indication that a catastrophe could occur." Miner Jorge Gallardo asserted that there was no way the owners could have been unaware of the situation since he recorded everything and his daily safety reports were signed by Pinilla in person. Rescued miner Victor Zamora commented "What made me sad was that people were dying because the company did not want to have something safer and only thought about money".<ref name=safetysantiagotimes>Dominique Farrell (26 October 2010), [http://www.santiagotimes.cl/news/human-rights/20056-chiles-commission-on-work-safety-delivers-preliminary-report-to-president-sebastian-pinera "Chile's Commission On Work Safety Delivers Preliminary Report To President Sebastián Piñera"], ''Santiago Times'' (English).</ref>

===Social===
Chilean writer and former miner [[Hernán Rivera Letelier]] wrote an article for the Spanish newspaper ''[[El País]]'' offering advice to the miners: "I hope that the avalanche of lights and cameras and flashes that is rushing towards you is a light one. It's true that you've survived a long season in hell, but, when all's said and done, it was a hell you knew. What's heading your way, now, comrades, is a hell that you have not experienced at all: the hell of the show, the alienating hell of TV sets. I've only got one thing to say to you, my friends: grab hold of your family. Don't let them go, don't let them out of your sight, don't waste them. Hold on to them as you hung on to the capsule that brought you out. It's the only way to survive this media deluge that's raining down on you."<ref name=guardianmedia>Rory Carroll (18 October 2010), [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/oct/18/chile-miners-global-media-coverage "How the media in Chile helped focus the eyes of the world on the miners"], ''The Guardian'' (UK).</ref>

''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' UK newspaper reported that the miners have hired an accountant to ensure that any income from their new celebrity status is fairly divided, including money from expected book and film deals. The men have agreed to "speak as one" when they discuss their experiences. While still trapped, they appointed one of their group as official biographer and another their poet.<ref name=accountant>Aislinn Laing (15 October 2010), [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8066868/Chile-miners-will-speak-as-one.html "Chile miners will 'speak as one{{'"}}], ''The Daily Telegraph'', London.</ref>

The first TV documentary was aired by ''[[Nova (U.S. TV series)|Nova]]'' on the US [[Public Broadcasting System]] on 26 October 2010.<ref name=socialnews/><ref name=novarelease>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/emergency-mine-rescue.html Emergency Mine Rescue: Engineers and NASA scientists aid an all-out effort to save 32 Chilean miners trapped nearly half a mile underground], ''NOVA'' (PBS), Aired 26 October 2010</ref>

In 2014, the BBC reported that many of the survivors were out of work, and had not yet received compensation payments.<ref name=":0" />

===Monument===

Chilean President Sebastián Piñera has suggested turning Camp Hope into a memorial or museum in honor of the men.<ref name=sundaymass/> A modest monument was built at the mine entrance.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Gideon |date=2014-01-22 |title=Chile's 33 miners still haunted by their past |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-25569678 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

The ''Fénix 2'' capsule used in ''Operación San Lorenzo'' has been placed in the [[Plaza de la Constitución (Santiago de Chile)|Plaza de la Constitución]], in front of Chile's presidential palace in Santiago, Chile. Currently, one of the backup capsules is in Copiapó and the other was sent to China for display in Chile's exhibit at the 2010 [[Shanghai Expo]]. Discussions are under way for a permanent display of the capsule and possibly a museum. {{As of |2010|12}}, potential locations include [[Copiapó]], the city closest to the accident site, and [[Talcahuano]], {{convert|1300|mi|km|sp=us}} to the south, where the capsules were built at a Chilean navy workshop.<ref name=fenixfight>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8070137/Chile-mine-rescue-towns-fight-over-Phoenix-2-capsule.html "Chile mine rescue: towns fight over Phoenix 2 capsule"], Daily Telegraph, London, 18 October 2010</ref> The ''Fénix 1'' capsule was a featured display at the March 2011 [[Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada]] convention in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], where Laurence Golborne and the rescue team were honored.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.pdac.ca/pdac/misc/110304.html | title=Chilean mine rescue capsule to be on display in Toronto at upcoming Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) convention | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312105744/http://www.pdac.ca/pdac/misc/110304.html | archive-date=12 March 2011}}</ref> Since 3 August 2011, the ''Fénix 2'' capsule is displayed at the Atacama Regional Museum in [[Copiapó]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.soychile.cl/Copiapo/Sociedad/2011/08/03/30302/Con-emocion-instalaron-la-capsula-Fenix-II-en-el-Museo-Regional-de-Atacama.aspx |title=Con emoción instalaron la cápsula Fénix II en el Museo Regional de Atacama |author=Paul-Edouard Martin |work=El Diario de Atacama |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=13 August 2011 |language=es}}</ref>

==Books==
While still trapped in the mine, the 33 miners chose to collectively contract with a single author to write an official history so that none of the 33 could individually profit from the experiences of others.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/books/review/deep-down-dark-by-hector-tobar.html |title='Deep Down Dark,' by Héctor Tobar |work=The New York Times |author=Mac McClelland |date=20 November 2014 |access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=johnwilliams>{{cite web |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/book-review-podcast-deep-down-dark/?_r=0 |title=Book Review Podcast: 'Deep Down Dark' |work=The New York Times |author=John Williams |date=21 November 2014 |access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref> The miners chose [[Héctor Tobar]], a Pulitzer Prize-winning writer at the ''Los Angeles Times''. Tobar had exclusive access to the miners and in October 2014 published an official account titled ''Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free''. Tobar described the previous books published on the topic as "quick and dirty" with "almost no cooperation from the miners."<ref name=johnwilliams/> These books include the following:

* ''Trapped: How the World Rescued 33 Miners from 2,000 Feet Below the Chilean Desert'' (August 2011) by Marc Aronson
* ''Buried Alive!: How 33 Miners Survived 69 Days Deep Under the Chilean Desert'' (2012) by Elaine Scott
* ''33 Men: Inside the Miraculous Survival and Dramatic Rescue of the Chilean Miners'' (October 2011) by [[Jonathan Franklin]]<ref name="socialnews">Martin Fletcher and Laura Dixon (22 October 2010), [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/chilean-miner-jose-ricardo-ojeda-vidal-copyrights-los-33/story-e6frg6so-1225942111686 "Chilean miner Jose Ricardo Ojeda Vidal copyrights 'los 33{{'"}}], ''The Australian''.</ref><ref>[http://entertainment.stv.tv/showbiz/202648-deals-already-on-offer-for-chilean-miners-story/ "Deals already on offer for Chilean miners' story"], STV, 14 October 2010.</ref>

==Film==
{{Main|The 33}}
A film titled ''The 33'' based on the events of the disaster is directed by [[Patricia Riggen]] and written by Mikko Alanne and Jose Rivera. [[Mike Medavoy]], producer of ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'', worked with the miners, their families, and those involved to put the film together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstshowing.net/2013/antonio-banderas-more-join-chilean-miner-disaster-drama-the-33 |title=Antonio Banderas & More Join Chilean Miner Disaster Drama 'The 33' |publisher=FirstShowing.net |date=20 May 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> The movie stars [[Antonio Banderas]] as Mario "Super Mario" Sepulveda, the public face of video reports sent from underground about the miners' conditions. The actual Sepulveda expressed his enthusiasm and approval towards Banderas playing the role.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/20/antonio-banderas-chilean-miner_n_3309168.html |title=Antonio Banderas To Play Chilean Miner, Mario Sepulveda, In "The 33" |publisher=HuffPost|date= 20 May 2013|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref> Brazilian actor [[Rodrigo Santoro]] stars as [[Laurence Golborne]], the Chilean Minister of Mining at the time, and American actor [[Bob Gunton]] stars as [[Sebastián Piñera]], the President of Chile at the time. The film's plot mostly focuses on the disaster and its aftermath, during which rescue teams attempt to save the trapped miners over the course of three months. According to an interview with Patricia Riggen in 2015, the miners have never been compensated monetarily for their ordeal, and many of them suffer from [[post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref>{{cite interview |last=Riggen |first=Patricia |subject-link=Patricia Riggen |interviewer=[[Renee Montagne]] |title=Indie Filmmaker Brings Story of Chile's '33' Miners to the Big Screen |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/11/13/455795030/indie-filmmaker-brings-story-of-chiles-33-miners-to-the-big-screen |work=[[Morning Edition]] |publisher=[[National Public Radio]] |date=13 November 2015 |access-date=27 July 2017 |quote=They are not doing well, Renee. They have PTSD. They didn't get compensated by the mine owners – nothing. }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Chile}}
* [[Sheppton Mine disaster and rescue]] - coal mine collapse in 1963 in Sheppton, Pennsylvania that trapped three miners, one miner died two were rescued. Was the first mine rescue to rescue miners using bore holes.
* [[2006 Copiapó mining accident]] – resulted in two deaths.
* [[Shandong Qixia Gold Mine Explosion Accident]] – 22 Elecab miners were trapped and rescued in 2021.
* [[Floyd Collins]] – a cave explorer who died after 14 days in 1925. The accident scene was a national media frenzy.
* [[Kathy Fiscus]] – a three-year-old Californian girl who died after falling down a well in 1949 and whose two-day rescue attempt was broadcast live on radio and national TV.
* [[Alfredo Rampi]] – fell down a well and died as a six-year-old in 1981 in Italy. The rescue attempt was broadcast live for 18 hours.
* [[Jessica McClure]] – a Texas toddler who survived being trapped in a well for over two days in 1987, while the rescue operation was televised live on CNN.
* [[Quecreek Mine rescue]] – a successful rescue operation of miners using a similar rescue capsule in Pennsylvania in 2002.
* [[Beaconsfield Mine collapse]] – two of three Australian miners were rescued in 2006 after two weeks underground. 
* [[Chasnala mining disaster]] – incident in India where a flood entered into a coal mine.
* [[Tham Luang cave rescue]] – successful rescue involving a football team in Thailand.
* [[Julen Rosello]] – Spanish toddler who fell in 2019 in a well and died after a rescue attempt of 13 days.
* [[Rayan Oram]] – Moroccan child who fell into a well and died in 2022.
* [[2023 Uttarakhand tunnel rescue]] – successful rescue of 41 workers trapped inside the tunnel.

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

===Photos===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160131170751/http://www.digimapas.cl/images/noticias/san_jose_vuelo_mina_web.jpg High-Resolution, Aerial Image of Mine Site], (large image), DigiMapas, October 2010

===Videos===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* {{YouTube|IzbteEUrqLU|Interview to Jeff Hart after reaching out the miners}} by Canal 13 UC de Chile. 9 October 2010.
* [http://video.pbs.org/video/1621938528/ Emergency Mine Rescue], [[Nova (U.S. TV series)|NOVA]] Documentary, [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]], 53 minutes, 26 October 2010
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6810463n&tag=related;photovideo Miners Deep Inside Chilean Mine], CBS News, 3 minutes, 27 August 2010
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6962243n Rescue Timeline (Plans with Animations)], CBS News, 4.5 minutes, 15 October 2010
* {{cite news |last1=Couzens |first1=Jo |title=Elation As Trapped Chile Miners Found Alive |url=http://news.sky.com/story/801008/elation-as-trapped-chile-miners-found-alive |access-date=12 December 2022 |work=[[Sky News]] |date=23 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015015645/http://news.sky.com/story/801008/elation-as-trapped-chile-miners-found-alive |archive-date=15 October 2012}}{{cbignore}}
* [http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6952527n First of 33 Chilean Miners Rescued] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103165846/http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6952527n |date=3 November 2012 }} CBS News, 1 minute, 12 October 2010
* [http://video.foxnews.com/v/4372772/final-chilean-miner-rescued?r_src=ramp Final Chilean Miner Rescued] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330210118/http://video.foxnews.com/v/4372772/final-chilean-miner-rescued?r_src=ramp |date=30 March 2019 }}, Fox News, 7 minutes, 14 October 2010
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101017231108/http://uk.reuters.com/article/video/idUKTRE6980F120101014?videoId=163862815 Miners on the Mend After Rescue], Reuters News, 2 minutes, 14 October 2010
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0139kl5 Chilean Miners: 17 Days Buried Alive], BBC, 1 hour, 12 August 2011

{{div col end}}
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[[Category:2010 Copiapó mining accident| ]]
[[Category:Mining disasters in Chile]]
[[Category:2010 mining disasters|Copiapo Mining Accident, 2010]]
[[Category:Mining rescues]]
[[Category:Labor in Chile]]
[[Category:History of Atacama Region]]
[[Category:August 2010 events in South America|Copiapó mining accident]]
[[Category:2010 disasters in Chile]]