Storm Daniel

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2023 Southeast Europe floods
Satellite image of Storm Daniel over Greece on September 5, 2023.
Date4–7 September 2023
LocationTurkey, Greece, Bulgaria
CauseHeavy rains, Omega block
Deaths26 in total
 Bulgaria - 4 dead
 Greece - 15 dead
 Turkey - 7 dead

Between 4 and 7 September 2023, heavy floods occurred from torrential rain as Storm Daniel hit Southeast Europe including Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria. At least 26 people were killed and 2 others went missing. Those events were due to an Omega block, as a high-pressure zone became sandwiched between two zones of low pressure, shaping a Greek letter Ω.[1][2]

Events

Storm Daniel which was named by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service,[3] developed over the Ionian Sea with its warmth helped to produce the moisture needed to the storm's formation. On 4 September, the storm moved inland over the Balkan Peninsula which led to torrential rains over the region.[4]

Greece

Floods in Greece

On 5 September, at least one person died in floods in Thessaly, Greece.[5] On the same day, the village of Zagora received 889 millimetres (2.917 ft) of rain, 55 times higher than the average rainfall for the same month across the country.[6] In Portaria, new record amounts of rain were also measured at 884 millimetres (2.900 ft) per square meter; however, further rainfall could not be measured because the weather station subsequently failed.[7] On 6 September, the Krafsidonas river, which rises at Pelion, overflowed its banks in Volos and destroyed a bridge.[8]

On 7 September, the main Greek motorway between Athens and Thessaloniki was closed and train services between the two cities were suspended.[9] In Thessaly, buildings and bridges tore down and whole cities submerged, where over 800 people had to be rescued.[10] In Larissa, after the rains ended on 8 September, the water continued to rise as the Pineios river overflowed its banks to reach a level of 9.5 metres (31 ft), compared to the normal at around 4 metres (13 ft).[11]

Since the rainfall started, the Copernicus Programme's Rapid Mapping Service was activated for the flood zone in Greece, in which analysis of the Sentinel-1 data from 7 September revealed an estimated flood area of ​​around 73,000 hectares (180,000 acres).[12] Meteorologists classified the storm as Greece's worst since records began in 1930.[13] In addition, the floods in Thessaly, which supplies about 15% of Greece's agricultural production, destroyed the crops for the remainder of the year and caused serious long-term damage as the thick layer of mud would make the soil infertile overall.[13] The governor of Thessaly, Kostas Agorastos, told the ERT that the storm damage in the region was valued at more than €2bn.[14]

Turkey

In Turkey, five people were killed during the floods in Kırklareli, another two died in the Istanbul districts of Başakşehir and Küçükçekmece.[3]

Bulgaria

Villages in Bulgaria were submerged, including Kosti and Arapya with people being evacuated. Three people were swept away after a bridge collapsed in the Tsarevo area, Bulgaria, and another person also drowned near the town.[15][16]

Casualties

On 6 September, at least 10 people had been killed in floods caused by torrential rains in Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece.[15] On 7 September, the death toll from the floods in Turkey, Bulgaria and Greece rose to 15 after five more people were found dead and others were reported missing.[17][18] A total of 22 people were killed whilst four others went missing in all three countries since the flooding started.[19][20] On 10 September, four bodies were found in Greece, raising the death toll in the country to 15 with two people were still missing.[21]

Aftermath

Storm Daniel on 9 September 2023

The storm was expected to head towards Libya and northwestern Egypt during the following week.[22] On 9 September, the storm which was initially a subtropical depression become a subtropical storm with winds recorded by ASCAT at 45 knots (83 km/h; 52 mph).[23] On 10 September, as the storm reached the Libyan shores, the National Oil Corporation announced a three-day closure of four oil ports including: Ras Lanuf, Zueitina, Brega and Sidra.[24] The Arab Regional Weather Center reported that Benghazi, Marj, Bayda, Shahat, Derna and Tobruk would encounter high-speed winds of 120–180 kilometres per hour (21–31 mi/ks), coupled with heavy rains reaching 50–250 millimetres (2.0–9.8 in).[25]

References

  1. ^ "UK heat and floods in south-east Europe blamed on 'omega' weather system". The Guardian. 6 September 2023.
  2. ^ "UK heatwave: What is an omega block - and how is it causing our extreme weather?". Sky News. 6 September 2023.
  3. ^ a b "At least 14 killed as fierce storms and severe flooding lash southern Europe". CNN. 7 September 2023.
  4. ^ "Weather tracker: Omega block brings torrential rain to Greece and Spain". The Guardian. 2023-09-08.
  5. ^ "Na bosbranden kampt deel van Griekenland nu met overstromingen". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2023-09-05. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  6. ^ ""Historic flooding event" in Greece dumps more than 2 feet of rain in just a few hours". CBS News. 5 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Zahl der Opfer in Mittelgriechenland steigt auf zehn – Fluss Pineios läuft über" (in German). Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. 2023-09-09.
  8. ^ "A Deluge in Greece". NASA Earth Observatory. 6 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Dodental door overstromingen in Griekenland, Turkije en Bulgarije loopt op". nos.nl (in Dutch). 2023-09-07. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  10. ^ "More than 800 rescued after extreme flooding in Greece turns villages into lakes". CNN. 7 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Starkregen von Griechenland bis Hongkong" (in German). ORF. 9 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Flood in Greece: EMSR692 - Situational reporting". Copernicus Emergency Management Service. 9 September 2023.
  13. ^ a b "Boats, helicopters rescue hundreds after storm in Greece". Reuters. 9 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Extreme flooding caused by Storm Daniel devastates Greece". Financial Times. 8 September 2023.
  15. ^ a b "Bulgaria, Turkey and Greece streets turn to rivers in deadly floods". BBC News. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  16. ^ "Bulgaria: Two People Died in the floods in Tsarevo, Two more are Missing". novinite.com. 5 September 2023.
  17. ^ "Death toll rises to four in Greece after floods, more than 800 rescued". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  18. ^ "Greek floods: Austrian honeymooners missing after holiday home swept away". BBC News. 7 September 2023.
  19. ^ "Flooding death toll rises in Greece as rescue crews ferry residents to safety". France 24. 8 September 2023.
  20. ^ "Rescue efforts stepped up after deadly floods in central Greece". The Guardian. 9 September 2023.
  21. ^ "Four more bodies found after Greece storm, raising toll to 15". Reuters. 10 September 2023.
  22. ^ "Mediterranean storm Daniel is moving with full force to Libya and threatening other Arab countries". ArabiaWeather. 7 September 2023.
  23. ^ "Weather report. Daniel makes landfall in Libya with torrential rain. Floods in Tripoli « 3B Meteo". Italy 24 Press News. 10 September 2023.
  24. ^ "Libya closes four oil ports as NOC declares state of alert before hurricane". S&P Global. 10 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Arab Weather Center says eye of Storm Daniel has hit Libyan coast". The Libya Observer. 10 September 2023.
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