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38th Street gang

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38th Street gang
38th Street gang graffiti, 2011
FoundedUnknown exact date, most accepted early 1920s
Years activeEarly 1920s – present
TerritoryPrimarily in Magna, Utah and Los Angeles [1]
EthnicityMexican Americans
Criminal activitiesDrug trafficking,[2] assault, robbery, extortion,[2] arms trafficking, theft, murder,[2] racketeering,[2] illegal immigration, illegal gambling, kidnapping,[2] witness intimidation[2] and fraud
AlliesMexican Mafia,[2] Sureños
Rivals[3] Bloods[4] Mara Salvatrucha, Varrio Nuevo Estrada, White Fence, Florencia 13, The Avenues, Westside Verdugo, SXL 13

The 38th Street gang is an American criminal street gang in Los Angeles, California, composed mainly of Hispanic-Americans. The 38th Street gang is one of the oldest street gangs in Los Angeles and has been occupying its territory since the 1920s.[5] They engage in many criminal activities. The Mexican Mafia controls and routinely uses 38th Street gang members to carry out their orders.[6][7]

History

Founded in the 1920s, the 38th Street gang dates back to the pachucos and zoot suits and was formed at the border between South Central and the city of Vernon. The 38th Street gang became well known in the 1940s in the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial. Sleepy Lagoon was a popular swimming hole in what is now East Los Angeles. A Mexican American juvenile named Jose Diaz was killed there in 1942, and members of the 38th Street Mexican American gang were arrested and charged with murder by the Los Angeles Police Department.[8][9][10]

All five of the gang members were convicted and sentenced to prison. These convictions ultimately united the Mexican community and changed Mexican gangs.[7] The jail sentences also acted as a glue to unite the Mexican and Mexican American community in a common cause, a fight against class distinction based on prejudice and racism, a fight against the establishment.[8] In prison, 38th Street gang members were held in high esteem.[8] On October 4, 1943, the convictions of the gang members were overturned and the gang members were allegedly welcomed back to their communities as heroes.[7][10][11]

Two members of the 38th Street Gang, circa 1993.

During "Sleepy Lagoon", the media exaggerated the headlines about the gang that wore zoot suits and created wartime hysteria and prejudice against the Mexican-American community. In what was known as the Zoot Suit Riots in May to June 1943, many Mexican-American zoot suiters from the segregated parts of town were attacked by European American servicemen and civilians. The white servicemen and civilians felt Zoot Suiters were not contributing to the war effort and were wasting valuable resources by dressing so flamboyantly. Los Angeles police officers did nothing to halt the angry mobs of white servicemen, civilians, and even their colleagues from rioting, arresting the zoot suiters instead of the attackers. After the riots and because of international criticism, the United States Department of War banned all military personnel from going to Los Angeles on leave. The Los Angeles City Council adopted a resolution that banned the wearing of zoot suits on Los Angeles streets, although no ordinance was approved by the City Council nor signed into law by the Mayor.[10] 38th Street is often credited[by whom?] for starting a new style of dress: during the time the Sleepy Lagoon defendants were incarcerated, their prison-issue clothes were deliberately oversized, with the intention of drawing ridicule from Anglo inmates and prison staff. However, the Sleepy Lagoon defendants maintained their clothing well, cleaning and ironing it.

Location

The 38th Street gang occupies a huge area on the east side of South Los Angeles and some areas in East Los Angeles. These neighborhoods had been historically known to be some of the most dangerous in the nation. Their rivalries expand to most neighborhoods all over Los Angeles County.[3][4] They also have confirmed cliques in, Salt Lake City, West valley, Utah,[12] and Wisconsin.

Criminal activities

Since the 1920s, the 38th Street gang has continued its criminal activities and has evolved to become one of California's most violent street gangs. Members conduct various activities, including drug sales, murder, theft and vandalism.[9] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the city closed many of its roads in the 38th Street vicinity due to high volume of people coming to purchase narcotics in the area. City administrators hoped that the blocked streets would deter nonresidents from purchasing narcotics. By the late 1990s, a federal task force was set up in order to investigate the gang's involvement in illegal drug trade; this resulted in the arrest of several of its members. The authorities confiscated thousands of dollars in drugs and money, as reported by the Los Angeles Times and local news channels. The group has historically quarreled with various rival gangs for placement and competition, which has resulted in many drive-by shootings and deaths. On August 24, 2004, a law enforcement preliminary injunction terminated the active members of the 38th Street gang, out of the streets, banning them from using firearms, alcohol, graffiti and other dangerous materials in public.[9] 38th Street, being an old and large gang, has accumulated countless rivalries in Los Angeles county and other cities where they have established. During the 1980s, 38th Street became heavily involved in drug sales and trafficking became a specialty crime that some gang members perfected. Today 38th Street relies almost exclusively on narcotics sales and distribution as its only source of revenue.

In February 2011 the FBI arrested 37 suspects connected to the 38th Street.[5] They were arrested on narcotics and firearms charges. The 38th Street gang is the subject of a 130-page grand jury indictment alleging violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations statute. Some 53 defendants are charged with violating the federal law by acting on behalf of the gang and participating in murders, murder plots, attempted murders, narcotics trafficking, robberies, extortion and witness intimidation.[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Local Gangs". updsl.org. 2012. Archived from the original on 2010-09-25. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. (2011). Racketeering Indictment Targets 38th Street Gang. Retrieved from website: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2012-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ a b Cueva, L. (No Date). Effects of Gang Life on Main Street. Retrieved from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2014-02-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ a b Phillips, S. A. (1999). Wallbangin': graffiti and gangs in l.a.. (p. 344). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  5. ^ a b ABC News. (2011, February 10). 57 arrested in 38th Street Gang sting. ABC News. Retrieved from http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/local/los_angeles&id=7933451 Archived 2011-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Leohart, M. U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. (2011). Statement of the honorable Michelle Leohart of the Drug Enforcement Administration before the United States House of Representatives Committee of Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science and Other Agencies. Retrieved from website: "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-03-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ a b c Harris, K. D. California Department of Justice Division of Law Enforcement, Bureau of Investigation and Intelligence. (2010). Organized Crime in California. Retrieved from website: http://ag.ca.gov/publications/org_crime2010.pdf Archived 2012-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b c Valdez, A. (2007). Gangs: A Guide to Understanding Street Gangs (5th ed. p. 98-99, ). San Clemente, CA: LawTech Publishing Co.
  9. ^ a b c "Delgadillo, Bratton, Perry Announce Crackdown on South L.A.'s 38th Street Gang" (PDF). Office of Civil Attorney, L.A. 2006-08-24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
  10. ^ a b c "People & Events: Poing! Murder". PBS.
  11. ^ "A History of California's Hispanic Gangs". National Alliance of Gang Investigators' Associations. Archived from the original on 2006-09-18. Retrieved 2006-09-12.
  12. ^ Unified Wisconsin, and Iowa. (2008). Gang names and alliances. Retrieved from website: http://updsl.org/divisions/metro_gang_unit/downloads/Gang[permanent dead link] Names and Alliances.pdf
  13. ^ 38th Street gang members arrested in federal indictment alleging murder, drug trafficking. (2011, February 1). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/02/los-angeles-street-gang-indicted.html
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