Turris

Turris
	a shell of Turris babylonia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda; clade Hypsogastropoda; clade Neogastropoda
Superfamily:	Conoidea
Family:	Turridae
Subfamily:	Turrinae
Genus:	Turris; Röding, 1798
Type species
	Murex babylonius Linnaeus, 1758;
Synonyms
	Annulaturris Powell, 1966; Mitra (Turris) Batsch, 1789; Pleurotoma Lamarck, 1799; Pleurotoma (Turris) Batsch, 1789;

Turris is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids.^[1]

Description

The generally large shells are variegated with spots. The fusiform shell is turriculated with a long, sharp spire. The aperture is ovate. The columellar lip is smooth. The outer lip is separated with a narrow profound sinus from the suture rather than distantly. The siphonal canal is long and narrow, straight and open.^[2]

(Description by Charles Hedley) The shell is large, with a tall slender spire. The outer lip is sharp, without fold or thickening. The siphonal notch is a deep slit with parallel sides following a walled-in fasciole. Within the body whorl are sharp raised revolving threads, a feature shared by related genera. The protoconch consists of two smooth rounded whorls. The operculum is unguiculate, with an apical nucleus.^[3]

The foot of the animal is anteriorly truncated but obtuse posteriorly. The tentacles are cylindrical, with the eyes externally near their base The teeth of the toxoglossan radula are falciform and angulated (formula 1-0-1).

Distribution

This genus inhabits warm seas.

Species

Species within the genus Turris include:^[1]

Turris ambages Barnard, 1958^[4]
Turris amicta (Smith, E.A., 1877) ^[5]
Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843)^[6]
Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758)^[7]
Turris bipartita Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971)^[8]
Turris chaldaea Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris clausifossata Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000^[9]
Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)^[10]
Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000^[11]
Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825)^[12]
Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998^[13]
† Turris farouqui Abbass H., 1977 ^[14]
Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843)^[15]
Turris grandis (Gray, 1834)^[16]
Turris guidopoppei Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000^[17]
Turris intercancellata Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris intricata Powell, 1964
Turris kantori Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris kathiewayae Kilburn, Fedosov & Olivera, 2012
Turris nadaensis Azuma, 1973^[18]
Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822)^[19]
Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999^[20]
Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000^[21]
Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999^[22]
Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983^[23]
Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843)^[24]
Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975^[25]
Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816)^[26]
Turris venusta (Reeve, 1843)
Turris yeddoensis (Jousseaume, 1883)

Fossil Turris-species

Turris aequensis
Turris canaliculata
Turris denticulata
Turris steinvorthi

Species brought into synonymy

Turris abbreviata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Lophiotoma abbreviata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris abyssorum (Locard, 1897): synonym of Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897)
Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006:^[27] synonym of Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975
Turris armilda Dall, 1908 : synonym of Fusiturricula armilda (Dall, 1908)
Turris assyria Olivera, Seronay & Fedosov, 2010: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris cincta:^[28] synonym of Turridrupa cincta (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris cingulifera:^[29] synonym of Iotyrris cingulifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875):^[30] synonym of Drillia clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875)
Turris cosmoi Sykes, 1930 : synonym of Gemmula cosmoi (Sykes, 1930)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908: synonym of Rhodopetoma diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999:^[31] synonym of Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816)
Turris diaulax Dall, 1908 : synonym of Antiplanes diaulax (Dall, 1908)
Turris formosissima Smith E. A., 1915 : synonym of Polystira formosissima (Smith E. A., 1915)
Turris fusinella Dall, 1908: synonym of Fusiturricula fusinella (Dall, 1908)
Turris husamaru Nomura, 1940 : synonym of Gemmula husamaru (Nomura, 1940)
Turris imperfecti Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris indica Röding, 1798 : synonym of Lophioturris indica (Deshayes, 1833)
Turris integra (Thiele, 1925):^[32] synonym of Crassispira integra Thiele, 1925
Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906):^[33] synonym of Corinnaeturris leucomata (Dall, 1881)
Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:^[34] synonym of Turris pagasa Olivera, 2000
Turris macella Melvill, 1923 : synonym of Agladrillia macella (Melvill, 1923)
Turris monilifera Pease, 1860 : synonym of Gemmula monilifera (Pease, 1860)
Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al., 2000:^[35] synonym of Gemmula lululimi Olivera, 2000
Turris nexilis Hutton, 1885: synonym of Taranis nexilis (Hutton, 1885)
Turris nobilis Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983:^[36] synonym of Makiyamaia orthopleura (Kilburn, 1983)
Turris pluteata Reeve:^[37] synonym of Fusiturris pluteata (Reeve, 1843)
Turris pseudogranosa Nomura, 1940 : synonym of Gemmula pseudogranosa (Nomura, 1940)
Turris pulchra Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris regia Röding, 1798: synonym of Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798)
Turris resina Dall, 1908 : synonym of Hindsiclava resina (Dall, 1908)
Turris rugitecta Dall, 1918 : synonym of Crassispira rugitecta (Dall, 1918)
Turris ruthveniana Melvill, 1923 : synonym of Lophiotoma ruthveniana (Melvill, 1923)
Turris saldanhae Barnard, 1958 : synonym of Comitas saldanhae (Barnard, 1958)
Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876):^[38] synonym of Inquisitor solomonensis (E. A. Smith, 1876)
Turris taxea Röding, 1798 : synonym of Clavatula taxea (Röding, 1798)
Turris tigrina Lamarck:^[39] synonym of Lophiotoma indica (Röding, 1798)
Turris tornatum Röding, 1798: synonym of Turris babylonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turris torta Dautzenberg:^[40] synonym of Fusiturris torta (Dautzenberg, 1912)
Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999:^[41] synonym of Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez, Vega-Luz & Lozano-Francisco, 2000
Turris undatiruga Bivona : synonym of Fusiturris undatiruga (Bivona Ant. in Bivona And., 1838)
Turris violacea:^[42] synonym of Tomopleura reevii (C. B. Adams, 1850)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Turris Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2011.
^ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology VI, p. 160; 1884
^ Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56
^ Turris ambages Barnard, 1958. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris amicta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Houssein L. Abbass (1977), A Monograph of new Miocene Gastropod Species in the Cairo-Suez District, Egypt; J. Univ. Kuwait (Sci.) 4, 1977
^ Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris grandis (Gray, 1834). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris nadaensis Azuma, 1973. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris cincta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris cingulifera. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris integra (Thiele, 1925). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris pluteata Reeve. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris tigrina Lamarck. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris torta Dautzenberg. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.
^ Turris violacea. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

External links

[WoRMS-1] Turris Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2011.

[Tryon-2] George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology VI, p. 160; 1884

[3] Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56

[4] Turris ambages Barnard, 1958. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[5] Turris amicta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[6] Turris annulata (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[7] Turris babylonia (Linne, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[8] Turris brevicanalis (Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[9] Turris condei Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[10] Turris crispa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[11] Turris cristata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[12] Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby I, 1825). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[13] Turris faleiroi Kilburn, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[14] Houssein L. Abbass (1977), A Monograph of new Miocene Gastropod Species in the Cairo-Suez District, Egypt; J. Univ. Kuwait (Sci.) 4, 1977

[15] Turris garnonsii (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[16] Turris grandis (Gray, 1834). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[17] Turris hidalgoi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[18] Turris nadaensis Azuma, 1973. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[19] Turris nodifera (Lamarck, 1822). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[20] Turris normandavidsoni Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[21] Turris omnipurpurata Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[22] Turris pagasa Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[23] Turris ruthae Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[24] Turris spectabilis (Reeve, 1843). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[25] Turris tanyspira Kilburn, 1975. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[26] Turris undosa (Lamarck, 1816). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[27] Turris ankaramanyensis Bozzetti, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[28] Turris cincta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[29] Turris cingulifera. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[30] Turris clionellaeformis (Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[31] Turris dollyae Olivera, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[32] Turris integra (Thiele, 1925). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[33] Turris joubini (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[34] Turris kilburni Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[35] Turris munizi Vera-Pelaez et al, 2000. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[36] Turris orthopleura Kilburn, 1983. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[37] Turris pluteata Reeve. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[38] Turris solomonensis (Smith E. A., 1876). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[39] Turris tigrina Lamarck. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[40] Turris torta Dautzenberg. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[41] Turris totiphyllis Oliverio, 1999. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[42] Turris violacea. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 14 April 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]