Miniassegno
Miniassegni (pl. of miniassegno [ˌmini.asˈseɲɲo]) were a special kind of money, a type of notgeld of small denomination, that was circulated in Italy in the late 1970s. Miniassegni were used as replacement for change which had become very scarce. Before miniassegni appeared, widely used replacement for coins had been telephone tokens, candy or other small merchandise items, and - in some cities - public transport tickets.
History
The first miniassegni were issued on December 10, 1975 by Istituto Bancario San Paolo, with a face value of 100 Italian lire, (about 0.14 US dollars at 1983 exchange rates). Many banks soon followed by issuing miniassegni with face values of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 lire. Their name (mini-checks) indicated that they were cashier's checks (assegni in Italian), but smaller than normal.
To overcome the prohibition to issue currency (exclusive prerogative of the Bank of Italy), banks were printing actual bank drafts, made payable to various small entities and companies with their pre-printed endorsement. The checks were then treated as bearer securities, and exchanged by the public as if they were real currency.
At their peak, there existed 835 different types of miniassegni, issued by 42 banks, for a total estimated value of more than 200 billion lire. Some banks issued "illustrated" series with distinctive designs. These issues, printed in limited quantities, were sold to collectors at a substantial markup. At some point, even department stores chimed in, printing goods-redeemable gift certificates in small denominations.
Printing miniassegni was widely believed to be a boon for the issuers, which sold them to retailers, pressured by the dearth of small denomination coins. However, many checks were never returned, either because they were destroyed by wear (which was substantial, due to the poor quality of the paper) or because they disappeared from circulation hoarded by collectors, or forgotten by their holders, which did not much care, due to their diminutive value.
The miniassegni disappeared at the end of 1978 when the Government Printing Office and Mint was finally able to overcome the lack of small change. The reason for the scarcity of coins was never clear, though various, mostly false, explanations were being given (e.g. that the value of the coins was substantially lower than that of the metal they contained; that Italian coins were being used as watch faces by Swiss watchmakers). Hans Magnus Enzensberger, in an essay written a few years after the fact, lists several explanations given at the time and traces one of the probable causes to a temporary technical inadequacy of the Italian Mint, caused by bureaucratic complications.[1]
Issuers
Banks who issued miniassegni 1975 and 1978:
Literature
- Alberto Gullino, Sergio Boasso: Catalago euro-unificato dei Mini-Assegni. 368 S., Verlag Alfa Edizioni, Turin 2002, ISBN 978-88-88032-08-5
- Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Italienische Ausschweifungen. Die Münze, in: Ach Europa! Wahrnehmungen aus sieben Ländern. Mit einem Epilog aus dem Jahre 2006, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1987, S. 86–102
- Adelmo Manna: I delitti contro la fede pubblica e l'economia pubblica. Wolters Kluwer, Mailand 2010, S. 99–100, ISBN 978-88-5980420-8
See also
Notes
- ^ Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Italienische Ausschweifungen. Die Münze, in: Ach Europa! Wahrnehmungen aus sieben Ländern. Mit einem Epilog aus dem Jahre 2006, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1987, S. 86–102
External links
- Auswahl von Miniassegni auf Banknote Museum, abgerufen am 10. Oktober 2013
- Hans Magnus Enzensberger: Italienische Ausschweifungen, Kapitel III. Die Münze, in: Die Zeit, 16 March 1984