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Hanmer Springs

Coordinates: 42°31′S 172°49′E / 42.517°S 172.817°E / -42.517; 172.817
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Hanmer Springs
Hanmer Springs from Mount Isobel
Hanmer Springs from Mount Isobel
Hanmer Springs is located in New Zealand
Hanmer Springs
Hanmer Springs
Coordinates: 42°31′S 172°49′E / 42.517°S 172.817°E / -42.517; 172.817
Elevation
(NZHR, Airport)[1]
338 m (1,109 ft)
Population
 (2013)[2]
 • Total840
Postcode
7334
Mount Isobel behind Hanmer Springs
The Waiau Ferry Bridge over the Waiau River, just outside Hanmer Springs

Hanmer Springs is a small town in the Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. The Māori name for Hanmer Springs is Te Whakatakanga o te Ngārahu o te ahi a Tamatea, which means “where the ashes of Tamate’s (sic) fire lay”, referring to Tamatea, the captain of the canoe Tākitimu.[3]

Hanmer Springs is located 130 km (81 mi) north-west of Christchurch and 65 km (40 mi) south-west of Kaikoura (135 km (84 mi) by car), in the Hurunui District. The town lies on a minor road 9 km (5.6 mi) north of State Highway 7, the northern route between Christchurch and the West Coast via Lewis Pass. The township lies at the base of Conical Hill. Mount Isobel (1,324 m (4,344 ft)) looks over Hanmer Springs.[4] Jacks Pass and Jollies Pass provide access to the Molesworth and Rainbow roads.

Demographics

In 2006, Hanmer Springs had a population of 729. According to the 2013 census, this had increased to 840[2] and then in 2018 it had increased again to 960 residents.[5] The median age of the residents in 2018 was 41.9 years old. In terms of ethnicity, 86.9% of residents identified as European, 5.9% identified as Maori and 9.1% identified as of Maori descent. The majority of residents were born in New Zealand (69.7%). The majority of residents identified with no religion (56.6%) while a sizeable minority (31.2%) identified as Christian. The majority of residents (61.5%) were in full time employment. The median income was $35,300 with 14.1% earning over $70,000.[5]

In 2018, there were 402 occupied private dwellings and a further 603 unoccupied private dwellings.[5]

History

Statue of Thomas Hanmer, located in central Hanmer Springs.

The town is named after Thomas Hanmer, an owner of Hawkeswood Station near the Conway River during the 1850s.[6] Thomas Hanmer was born in Hanmer, Wales. He arrived at Port Lyttleton in 1852. While searching for suitable farming land, he joined a party of surveyors working in the Amuri District. During this period he was linked with Hanmer Springs, although he never lived there. He was the manager of the St Leonards Station near Culverden from 1855 to 1857. He then moved to Queensland, Australia.[7][8] There is a statue of Thomas Hanmer in the center of Hanmer Springs.

The locality was discovered for its hot springs by William Jones in early 1859.[9] Access to the general area was provided by a bridge over the Waiau River in 1864 constructed by a Mr Handisides of Nelson for NZ£2,000 to a design by John Blackett. The bridge lasted only ten years before it was blown over by a Nor'west wind.[10]

John Turnbull Thomson surveyed the land for the township in 1879, with the total area comprising 2,500 acres (1,000 ha), of which 300 acres (120 ha) were for the township itself. The hot springs were not included within that area. The springs themselves were still in their natural state at that time, with only steps and a changing shed provided.[9] The member for Ashburton, Edward George Wright, brought up the question of developing the township in the New Zealand House of Representatives in June 1882. The Minister of Lands, William Rolleston, replied that it was important that the public should retain access to the springs.[11] Surveyor Walter Kitson was instructed with laying out the site of the hot springs including an accommodation house.[12] Construction of a bath house began in January 1884.[13] The fifty year jubilee was held in 1933, stating that Hanmer had been a government resort since 1883, but the centenary book pointed out that the jubilee was held a year too early.[14] The government investing significant funds into Hanmer Springs without a bridge crossing the Waiau River caused considerable controversy.[15] Blackett designed a new bridge and John Anderson from Christchurch won the contract to erect it, and built a foundry at the site. This second bridge opened in 1887 and gives access to Hanmer to this day, with the structure registered as a Category I heritage item since 1983.[16] The opening celebrations held by Anderson's sons at the site were rather liberal to the extent that the site is still known as Champagne Flat.[17]

Climate

Hanmer Springs has temperatures that range between Summer temperatures of an average daily high of 22 degrees Celsius and an average daily low of 9 degrees Celsius in January and February and winter temperatures with an average daily high of 9 degrees Celsius and an average daily low of 1 degree Celsius in July. Rainfall is highest on average in July with 107 mm and lowest in January with 55 mm[18] Snow falls in Hanmer Springs in winter and often closes the road into Hanmer Springs.[19][20][21] In summer, Hanmer Springs often has very hot summer conditions for New Zealand with temperatures getting above 35 degrees Celsius.[22][23]

Hanmer Springs Forest

An art trail exists within the Hanmer Springs Forest

In order to provide timber for the Christchurch market, reserve land was set aside between 1900–1901. The planting of exotic trees began in 1902, and in 1903 prison labour was used. The prisoners who took part in the planting resided at a nearby prison camp which operated until 1913.[24] A variety of trees were planted including black pines, Norway spruce and deciduous larch, with alders in wet areas, and oaks and silver birches planted as amenity species. The oldest area of the forest (203 hectares) is protected under a Crown covenant. Many woody species have invaded this forest from the township’s gardens.[25] In 1964 pupils of Hanmer Primary School planted a 0.6 hectare block of pinus nigra in order to commemorate Arbor day. A number of walking trails now go through this mature forest.[26]

The Government in 2000 sold the North Canterbury Crown Forests to Ngai Tahu as part of a Treaty of Waitangi settlement. Thus the Hanmer Springs Forests passed into private ownership. In 2008 a memorandum of understanding was signed by Matariki Forests, Hanmer Heritage Trust and the Hurunui District Council that protected the ongoing right for public access to the Hanmer Springs Forest. The Hurunui District Council would now responsible for the maintenance of the tracks within the forest.[25]

Economy

The town is built around hot springs which originate in the fractured rock bed along the Hanmer fault. Hanmer Springs' Queen Mary Hospital, formerly the South Island's leading rehabilitation center for sufferers of drug addiction, was closed in 2003.[27][28] The premises were purchased by the Department of Conservation in 2008.[29]

Hot pools

In 1960 the local community purchased the hot pools and gifted them to the local council. The three hexagonal pools which are still in use currently and a fresh water pool were built in 1978. Changing rooms and a new entrance way were constructed in 1985. The rock pools were build in 1992 and further Sulphur pools constructed in 1999.[30]

In 2009, a 4600 square meter extension to the hot pools complex was proposed including "a second [16m high] water-slide, ice-skating rink and relocating and reconfiguring the freshwater pool."[31] During the consent process oppositions were made to it by, among others, the Queen Mary Reserve Trust concerning the expansions effect on noise levels and visual impact. Concerns were also raised by former hospital superintendent, Dr Robert Crawford, about the change the development might have on the village's brand of "slow tourism and relaxation, not wet’n’wild."[32]

An early morning view of the Hanmer Springs Hot Pools and hydroslides with Mount Isobel in the background.

After a hearing from independent Commissioner Robert Batty, on Monday, 18 January 2010 the proposal was approved. "The freshwater pool, new buildings, water slide/super bowl and the aqua play/ ice skating area are all to be on land from the subdivision of Queen Mary Hospital land."[33] Development had continued since then and Hanmer Springs currently has 22 pools and four water slides with the most recent: The Conical Thrill being opened in November 2019.[34] The Hot Pools were further extended in November 2020 with a new area for younger children to play on including a new waterslide. The Hanmer Springs Hot Pools also was the winner in the Luxury Hot Springs category at the 2020 World Luxury Spa Awards.[35][36] At peak times, the hot pools can play host to 5000 people each day.[3]

Other tourism

Hanmer Springs is a tourist destination, and the town's population swells during holidays. Hanmer Springs has around 520,000 visitors each year.[3] Bungy jumping, jet boating, white water rafting, mountain biking and hiking are common tourist activities, and there is an airline service available for the viewing of the town's alpine surroundings. A Visitor Information Centre next to the hot springs provides information about the area and booking facilities for transport. Trampers can obtain weather information, maps and guidance from the Department of Conservation.

Accommodation options include the Hamner Springs Hotel, various motels and the Hamner Springs Retreat, a conference venue and accommodation complex near Hanmer Springs[37] owned by the VR Group of hotels.[38]

Budget accommodation includes a youth hostel. Holiday homes are commonly rented out in Hanmer Springs.[39]

The Hanmer Forest provides many walking trails. The Conical Hill walk ascends to the 550 meter summit and provides a panoramic view of Hanmer Springs. Western hemlock, Lawson’s Cypress, Japanese cypresses, giant fir, Atlas cedar, and laburnum can be seen on this walk all of which were planted around 1910. The Shelter at the summit provides protection from the weather.[40] A plaque at the shelter commemorates the role of Duncan Rutherford (1853-1917) has had in Hanmer Springs. Longer walking trips up Mount Isobel are possible via a variety of tracks.[4]

The Hanmer Springs Golf Club operates an eighteen hole golf course in Hanmer Springs at 133 Argelins Road. The Golf Course was founded in 1911. The clubroom has a seating capacity of 100 guests with full bar and kitchen facilities.[41] The Hanmer Springs Rugby Football Club plays in the North Canterbury Rugby Union. They often hold a preseason game between the Canterbury and Tasman Makos sides.[42] A variety of other endurance sporting events are annually held in Hanmer Springs including the Mount Isobel Challenge, The Alpine Marathon, the 4 hour and 8 hour mountain bike races, Hanmer Half Marathon[43] and the Christchurch to Hanmer Springs road cycling race run by the Pegasus Cycling Club.[44]

Mini golf is popular in Hanmer Springs. There is a variety of restaurants in Hanmer Springs.[45][46] An animal park is located in Hanmer Springs. It provides experiences aimed at younger children.[47][48]

Hanmer Springs is a gateway to the St James Conservation Area for hiking, biking, water sports, skiing, hunting and horse riding. In July 2020, The New Zealand Government announced that it is investing more than $2 million to build a family-friendly flying fox in Hanmer Springs. The ride is expected take nine minutes to complete and construction is expected to be finished by September 2021[49]

Transportation

Two daily shuttle bus companies travel from Hanmer Springs to Christchurch and back. The town is the gateway to the Molesworth station, Lake Tennyson and Rainbow station. During summer months, gravel roads through the Rainbow Valley to St Arnaud and the Nelson Lakes National Park, and through the Molesworth Station to Blenheim, Picton, and the Marlborough region are frequented by travelers, four-wheel drivers, and guided tour groups.

Ski fields

There are two skifields in the Hanmer Springs area: the Hanmer Springs Ski Area and Mount Lyford.The Hanmer Springs Ski Area is run mostly by volunteers.[50]

Mountain biking

Hanmer Springs is well known for mountain biking. The St James Cycle Trail which is part of Nga Haerenga The New Zealand Cycle Trail. The trail is located 13 km from Hanmer Springs over Jacks Pass. This mountain bike ride is a 57 km loop that a fit rider can do in a day. It is also possible to turn the ride into a longer adventure with the option of making it a two-day trip, stopping overnight in campsites or one of three huts.[51] Work is starting in 2020 to extend the St James trail to Hanmer Springs.[52]

There is an extensive network of mountain bike trails ranging from easy to expert runs in the forests surrounding Hanmer Springs. Alligator Alley, Upper Dog Stream, Detox and the Tank Track are particularly popular.[53] The network of trails has been extended in 2020 with the addition of the Southern Cross and Tombstone trails. The four kilometre long Tombstone trail includes 185 metres of climbing to the highest point and a twisty 240 metre descent. The mountainbike trails have been described as "world class".[54]

The Jacks Pass - Clarence River - Jollies Pass Loop is a 25 kilometer loop which is not technically challenging however it takes between two to four hours to complete. It can be ridden in either direction: West over Jacks Pass (869m) or East over Jollies Pass (850m). As the entire ride is at high elevation (700 meters above sea level) it is subject to extreme and sudden changes in the weather which have caught riders out who were not prepared.[53]

Hanmer Springs is the starting point (or end point) for both the Molesworth Muster cycle trail[55] and the Rainbow Trail.[56] These are also part of Nga Haerenga The New Zealand Cycle Trail.

Notable buildings

The Banana House

Banana House, Hanmer Springs

The Banana House was donated by FJ Savill who was the owner of St Helen's Station in the early 1920s. It was built in part by Bert Orange also known by some locals as Bertie Bananas. Between this and the shelter being next to a Monkey Puzzle Tree, the shelter became known as the Banana House. The original structure had glass windows but these were removed due to ongoing vandalism. The roof is made of aluminum with moulded corners and joints.[57]

Queen Mary Hospital

Queen Mary Hospital - Nurses Hostel, Hanmer Springs 2020

The Queen Mary Hospital for Sick and Wounded Soldiers was built on the site of the government sanatorium site in Hanmer Springs. It was designed to encourage fresh air and sunlight. The Soldiers' Block was opened on the third of June 1916 by the Hon. CW Russell, the minister of public health. The hospital remained under military control until 1921 when it was handed over to the department of health. Dr Chisholm continued as the medical superintendent. The Chisholm Block was opened in 1926 to treat women with nervous disorders. The nurses hostel was built in 1928 in a Georgian style. In 1960, it changed its focus to treat alcohol and drug dependency. It closed in 2003.[58][59][60]

Hanmer Springs War Memorial Hall

The War Memorial Hall was completed in 1961. It has a more recent extension that includes an art gallery, library and district council offices. Just outside it is a Gingko tree that was planted in 1964 by the Governor-General Brigadier Sir Bernard Fergusson.[61]

Hanmer Springs Post Office

The Hanmer Springs Post Office (now occupied by a restaurant).

The original Hanmer Springs Post Office was built in 1901 and is a Historic Place Category 2, listed in 1983.[62] It is now used as a restaurant.

The Powerhouse

Hanmer Springs Power House (2021)

The Powerhouse building was built to house a small hydro electric generator in 1926. The water was provided by the nearby Rogerson river. It provided electricity for the Queen Mary Hospital as well as a few street lights. In 1934 mains electricity lines connected Hanmer Springs to the electricity grid via Waipara. The Powerhouse is now a cafe.

The Hanmer Springs Hotel

The former Heritage Hotel, Hanmer Springs

The Hanmer Springs Hotel, built in a Spanish Mission style was completed in 1932. It operated as the Heritage Hotel Hanmer until May 2020; when a combination of intense competition for holiday accommodation and Covid-19 meant that it closed temporarily following the withdrawal of the Heritage Hotels Group from management.[63] The hotel was then purchased by the CPG hotel chain who reopened it in December 2020 with plans to further develop it as a five star resort in 2021.[64]

Saint Andrews Presbyterian Church

Hanmer Springs Presbyterian Church

Saint Andrews was built in 1892. It had to be rebuilt the following year due to a "hurricane" causing significant damage to it. The manse at Hanmer Springs was completed in January 1902.[65] It closed on 29 November 2015.[66] A notice on the building (sited October 2020) states that the Church does not meet earthquake building regulations and warns people not to enter the building.

Church of the Epiphany

Church of the Epiphany, Hanmer Springs, Built 1901

The Church of the Epiphany is the Anglican Church in Hanmer Springs . It was listed as a Historic Place Category 2 in 1983.[67] it was built in 1901 by Mr T W Berry of Blenheim.

Saint Rochs

St Rochs Catholic Church, Hanmer Springs

Saint Rochs is the Catholic Church in Hanmer Springs. It was listed as a Historic Place Category 2 in 1984.[68]

Education

Hanmer Springs School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students,[69][70] with a roll of 92 as of August 2024.[71] The school was first established in 1896. The original building was built in 1901 of "wood and iron".[65]

Fauna

There are numerous native species living in and around Hanmer Springs. These include keas, black-fronted tern (tarapirohe), banded dotterel (tūturiwhatu), rough gecko (moko kākāriki), South Island pied oystercatcher (tōrea), South Island robin (kakaruwai/ tōtōara), New Zealand falcon (kārearea), South Island tomtit (ngirungiru/ kōmiromiro), grey warbler (hōrirerire/riroriro), fantail (pīwakawaka), bellbird (tītapu/kōpara), New Zealand pigeon (kererū) amongst others.[3]

There are also numerous introduced predators in and around Hanmer Springs including stoats, ferrets, rats, mice cats and possums for which Te Tihi o Rauhea Hanmer Springs Conservation Trust in partnership with the Department of Conservation are aiming to eliminate in order to support threatened native species.[3]

Government

Hanmer Springs is part of the Kaikoura electorate. The Hurunui District Council is the local government body responsible for providing services to Hanmer Springs.[72]

Notes

  1. ^ "Site Information for NZHR in Hanmer Springs Airport, CAN, New Zealand". 42.5508;172.826996: Server.gladstonefamily.net. Retrieved 16 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. ^ a b 2013 Census QuickStats about a place  : Hanmer Springs
  3. ^ a b c d e Whitelaw, Sonny (September 2018). "Predator Free Hanmer Springs". Retrieved 28 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Hanmer Forest Park tramping tracks". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "2018 Census place summaries | Stats NZ". www.stats.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  6. ^ Discover New Zealand:A Wises Guide (9th ed.). 1994. p. 371.
  7. ^ "Thomas Hanmer (1827 – 1892)". Discover The Delights Of Peeling Back History. 16 March 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  8. ^ "Hanmer Springs | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  9. ^ a b Ensor 1983, p. 4.
  10. ^ Ensor 1983, p. 12.
  11. ^ Ensor 1983, pp. 6f.
  12. ^ Ensor 1983, pp. 7–9.
  13. ^ Ensor 1983, p. 9.
  14. ^ Ensor 1983, p. 10.
  15. ^ Ensor 1983, pp. 13f.
  16. ^ "Waiau Ferry Bridge". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  17. ^ Ensor 1983, p. 14.
  18. ^ "Climate Hanmer Springs". meteoblue. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  19. ^ "Watch: Eerie scenes at Hanmer Springs, as heavy snow blankets tourist hotspot". TVNZ. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  20. ^ "Winter returns to South Island as snow closes highways". Stuff. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  21. ^ "Blanket of snow covers Hanmer Springs". Stuff. 13 July 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  22. ^ "Live: Heat, dry conditions and rain make up New Zealand's 2019 weather review". Stuff. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  23. ^ "Hot spell coming to an end with cool down for many over next two days". Stuff. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  24. ^ Christchurch City Libraries (2017). "The prison camp, Hanmer Springs: Picturing Canterbury". Christchurch City Libraries. Christchurch. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  25. ^ a b "Hanmer Heritage Forest Trust".
  26. ^ Sign in the Hanmer Forest detailing history of the plantings. Sited October 2020.
  27. ^ "Example of Rare Architecture Worth Saving". New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Summer 2003. Archived from the original on 22 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  28. ^ Keey, Roger (5 December 2003). "What will be the future of Queen Mary Hospital and its grounds at Hanmer Springs?". nzine. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  29. ^ New Zealand Alliance Party (22 October 2008). "Queen Mary Hospital has been saved by DOC - why?". Scoop. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
  30. ^ "Our history". The Pools | Hanmer Springs Thermal Pools and Spa. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  31. ^ "Growth of site opposed by trust" written by Marc Greenhill, The Press, Saturday 28 November 2009 pp. A11
  32. ^ "Growth of site opposed by trust" written by Marc Greenhill, The Press, 28 November 2009 pp. A11
  33. ^ "Pools Development Given the Green Light" Hanmer Springs Village News, 22 January 2010 page 5
  34. ^ "Hanmer Springs' Conical Thrill water slide and pools officially open". Stuff. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  35. ^ "Hanmer Springs opens new water playground - Australasian Leisure Management". www.ausleisure.com.au. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  36. ^ "New Hanmer Springs water playground opens". Otago Daily Times Online News. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Home". Hanmer Springs Retreat. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  38. ^ "VR Hotels Group". Hanmer Springs Retreat. 22 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  39. ^ "Hanmer Springs Accommodation & Holiday Homes". Hanmer Holiday Homes. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  40. ^ "Conical Hill Walk". Hanmer Trails. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  41. ^ "About us - Hanmer Springs Golf Club". www.hanmerspringsgolf.co.nz. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  42. ^ "Hanmer Springs to host 'Battle of the Mainland' pre-season match between Canterbury and Tasman". www.crfu.co.nz. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  43. ^ "Hanmer Events". Hanmer Events. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  44. ^ "Home". pegasus.omegatech.co.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  45. ^ "Best Places to Eat in Hanmer Springs". Hanmer Springs TOP 10. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  46. ^ "Our 7 Favorite Hanmer Springs Restaurants". Bachcare Blog. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  47. ^ "Hanmer Animal Park is open all year round for animal encounters". Hanmer Animal Park. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  48. ^ "Hanmer Springs Animal Park | Hanmer Springs, New Zealand Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  49. ^ "Flying fox, luxury spa given funding to boost Hanmer Springs' tourism sector". Stuff. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  50. ^ "Coronavirus: Challenging times ahead for Canterbury tourism town Hanmer Springs". Stuff. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  51. ^ "St James Cycle Trail". nzcycletrail.com. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  52. ^ "North Canterbury's Hurunui bike trails set to rival overseas rides". Stuff. 7 June 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  53. ^ a b "Hanmer Trails Mountain Bike Map" (PDF).
  54. ^ "World-class trails put Hanmer Springs on 'national mountain biking map'". Stuff. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  55. ^ "Molesworth Muster Trail". nzcycletrail.com. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  56. ^ "Rainbow Trail". nzcycletrail.com. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  57. ^ Plaque inside the Banana House. Seen October 2020.
  58. ^ Wednesday; September 2012, 12; Bayleys, 12:46 pm Press Release. "Historic Queen Mary Hospital may soon be redeveloped | Scoop News". www.scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020. {{cite web}}: |first2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ "Queen Mary Hospital | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  60. ^ "Former Queen Mary Hospital patients plan gathering amid calls to reopen the historic mental health facility". Stuff. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  61. ^ Plaque outside the Hanmer Springs War Memorial Hall, Seen October 2020.
  62. ^ "Search the List | Post Office (Former) | Heritage New Zealand". www.heritage.org.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  63. ^ "Hanmer Springs' Heritage Hotel to close permanently". Stuff. 3 May 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  64. ^ "New owners of Heritage Hanmer Springs to transform hotel into five-star resort". Stuff. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  65. ^ a b "Hanmer | NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  66. ^ "Feb 2016 | Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand". www.presbyterian.org.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  67. ^ "Search the List | Church of the Epiphany (Anglican) | Heritage New Zealand". www.heritage.org.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  68. ^ "Search the List | St Roch's Church (Catholic) | Heritage New Zealand". www.heritage.org.nz. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  69. ^ "Hanmer Springs School Official School Website". hanmersprings.school.nz.
  70. ^ "Hanmer Springs School Ministry of Education School Profile". educationcounts.govt.nz. Ministry of Education.
  71. ^ "Hanmer Springs School Education Review Office Report". ero.govt.nz. Education Review Office.
  72. ^ "Hurunui District Council". www.hurunui.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 October 2020.

References

  • Ensor, Rosemary (1983). Much Ado... Christchurch: Hanmer Springs Centennial Committee. ISBN 978-0-473-09696-0.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanmer Springs.

Hanmer Springs travel guide from Wikivoyage

42°31′S 172°49′E / 42.517°S 172.817°E / -42.517; 172.817

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