Sadovnicheskaya Street

Sadovnicheskaya Street
	View to Sadovnicheskaya street from Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
Native name	Садовническая улица (Russian)
Length	2 km (1.2 mi)
Location	Moscow; Central Administrative Okrug; Zamoskvorechye District
Nearest metro station	Novokuznetskaya ; Paveletskaya

Sadovnicheskaya street (Russian: Садо́вническая у́лица, lit. Gardener's Street) is a street in the historical Zamoskvorechye District of Moscow, Russia, on a narrow island between Moskva River and the parallel old river bed (Vodootvodny Canal). The street runs from Balchug Street (across the Kremlin) south-east to the Garden Ring.

History

Historical neighborhood of Sadovniki (lit. Gardener's) goes back to the 14th-century gardens of prince Vasili I of Russia. The garden itself was placed directly opposite the Kremlin and doubled as a fire barrier within a wooden city. Adjacent garden workers' settlement eventually gave name to Sadovniki and Sadovnicheskaya street. Other streets with the same name also existed in Moscow, but were eventually renamed. The remote district of Nagatino-Sadovniki was named in a similar manner, centuries later. Downtown Sadovniki remained a quiet, rural community. Annual floods and migrations of river bed through the floodlands discouraged capital construction. As if it wasn't enough, the southern suburbs were the first to be looted and burnt down during the enemy raids.

The neighborhood became an important construction site in late 18th century. By 1786, the old river bed was rebuilt into a permanent Canal; in 1778–1781, Niсholas Legrand builds the castle of New Kriegskomissariat (a military office and depot), now headquarters of Moscow Military District. Dams intended to control floods (1836) also raised river level, improving commercial shipping. They were imperfect and couldn't help in case of draught or flood: in 1908, Moskva River completely flooded the island (water level exceeded 7 meters above present-day summer average).

By the end of 19th century, Sadovniki became a working-class community. In 1880s, the street saw heavy industrial construction (first electrical powerplant, 1887, textile mills). Former warehouses and farms were built out to five-story residential houses and hotels.

Modern times

Relatively few historical buildings were lost in the Soviet time. The classical three-story waterfront mansion (now at 43 Sadovnicheskaya), which was in the way of housing construction after World War II, was carefully lifted with hydraulic jacks and moved south to its present location. Grand Stalinist construction concentrated on the Moskva river front, while Sadovnicheskaya street (just a hundred meters south) remained mostly intact. An important late Constructivism landmark in Sadovniki is the Textile Institute, facing near the Ustinsky Bridge.

Electrical streetcar served the eastern part of the street from 1913 to 1963 (photo: existing streetcar line crosses the street).

In 1939, the street was renamed to Polina Osipenko Street, commemorating the death of a pilot Polina Osipenko. In 1991, Sadovnicheskaya was restored, while another Osipenko Street was created in distant Vnukovo district.

In 1967, a five-story house at the corner of Sadovnicheskaya and Garden ring (No.77) was destroyed by explosion. No reliable sources exist to the number of killed or the nature of a blast (either a gas pipe leak or WWII ammunition). The site stood vacant until 2006.

Present-day street is clearly segmented into two halves separated by Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge:

Sadovniki West (including the Balchug street). The most densely built part of the island is almost all office space, uninhabited at night. Also houses Moscow's first electrical powerplant (still active); offices are traditionally occupied by electrical (Mosenergo) and oil companies.
Sadovniki East. A mixed residential, educational and industrial neighborhood, Sadovniki East retained most of the traditional Zamoskvorechye air. Recent wave of development replaced the old textile mill with a block-sized office compound. Adjacent block (near Zverev Bridge) was condemned for redevelopment, residents evicted in 2004, but no work ever started. Other than that, 19th-century architecture remains remarkably well preserved. Military still controls sizeable properties in eastern part, which probably explains the preservation of social and architectural diversity here.