Ceiniog
The ceiniog (Template:Lang-la; Template:Lang-en; plural: ceiniogau) was the basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms such as Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Hywel Dda was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The "legal penny" (Template:Lang-la; Template:Lang-cy) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the "curt penny" (Template:Lang-cy), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old Roman pound; the former, Charlemagne's and Offa's.[1] The Welsh half-penny was the dymey of 12 wheat grains (roughly ⅓ the "legal penny")[2] and the farthing (quarter-penny) was the firdlyc of 6.[3]
Since the value in ceiniogau of most common goods and animals were regulated by the Laws of Hywel Dda, the system also simplified barter in Wales.
References
- ^ Wade-Evans, Arthur. Welsh Medieval Laws. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
- ^ Lewis, Timothy. A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk. Univ. Press (Manchester), 1913.
- ^ Lewis, p. 150.
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